Studying MatterSCH3U/4C

Classifying Matter

• Matter refers to anything that has mass and volume.

• We can classify matter into two main categories based on composition:

• Pure Substances – composed of only one type of particle

• Mixtures – composed of two or more types of particles

Classifying Matter• Pure Substances consist of:

• Elements – the simplest chemical substance made of one type of atom

• Compounds – consist of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined

Classifying Matter

• Mixtures can be further classified based on their appearance.

• Heterogeneous Mixtures – (mechanical mixtures) are substances where you can see the different components of the mixture

• Homogeneous Mixtures – (solutions) are mixtures that only have one phase (characteristic)

Properties of Matter

• Physical properties of matter can be observed and measured without changing the composition of the substance.

• Chemical properties of matter describe how substances behave when their composition changes.

Physical Property ChemicalProperty

Density Reactivity with oxygen

Odour Production of Light

Solubility Flammability

Colour

Chemical Analysis• In chemistry, we use chemical and physical

properties of matter to help us analyse the composition of substances.

• Qualitative analysis uses tests and observations to determine if a substance is present in a sample.• Example: Forensic chemistry

• Quantitative analysis uses tests and observations to measure quantities of substances present in a sample• Example: Breathalyzer tests measuring BAC