subic bay profile
TRANSCRIPT
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 1
SBFZ ICT PROFILE (For Updating)
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 2
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS (INTERNAL LANDSCAPE)
ANALYSIS: CURRENT PRODUCT - SUBIC BAY SPECIAL ECONOMIC AND FREEPORT ZONE
Product Features, Benefits, and Appeals
Subic Bay Freeport Zone (SBFZ) has a total area of 67, 452 hectares both land and water (water area has a total of 12,350 hectares and a land area of 55, 102 hectares as defined by Proclamation No. 532 of the Subic Special
Economic and Freeport Zone SSEFZ) Metes and Bound. It is comprised by the City of Olongapo, Subic Town, San Antonio in Zambales and the former US Naval Reservation.
The earliest predecessor to the USFAC Subic Bay was an un finished Spanish Naval Station, acquired by the U. S. in
1898, following the Spanish American War. During World War II, most of the original station was destroyed by
American rear guard action and aircraft bombing attacks. Following World War II and the achievement of Philippine independence, a decision was made to establish a U. S. Naval Base at Subic Bay. Substantial construction efforts were
begun and accelerated during the Korean Conflict, resulting in the establishment of the U. S. Naval Base, Subic Bay, in 1954.
Much of the area now occupied by the Freeport was previously occupied by the City of Olongapo. At that time, the Commander of the Naval Base was also in control of the City of Olongapo.
During the Vietnam Conflict, construction of the facilities was again accelerated, and with the expansion of the
Seventh Fleet, Subic Bay became the busiest port in the Western Pacific. In February 1979, the Military Bases Agreement transferred control of the U. S. Naval Base, Subic Bay to the Philippine government. The Agreement
expired in September 1991. The facilities have since been turned over to the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority as part
of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone (SBFZ). SBMA and SFA were created on February 5, 1992 through Act No. 7227 of the Republic of the Philippines.
Location
SBF is located southwest of Luzon Island in the Philippines. The harbor lies between the Zambales Mountain Range at
the east and Subic Bay at the west and opens up to the South China Sea. It is northwest of the Bataan Peninsula and southwest of the Zambales Province. The SBF is 110 kilometers northwest of Manila. Manila Bay and Bataan Peninsula
separate SFZ from Manila. Adjacent LGUs to SBFZ are City of Olongapo, Municipalities of Subic and San Antonio in Zambales, Morong, Hermosa and Dinalupihan in Bataan.
Aside from the physical location, Subic Bay is also:
Located in the heart of Asia Pacific, the fastest growth outpost of high-tech economy. SBF is accessible by air
within four hours from any Asian capital (Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan). It is also only 110 kilometers by land from the Philippine capital, Manila.
A gateway of international shipping and air lines. Almost half of the world’s container fleet passes by Subic
Bay’s doorway. SBF is a critical entry point to over 500 million ASEAN markets. Meanwhile, courier giant
Federal Express (FedEx) operates its regional distribution hub at the Subic Bay International Airport.
Has an excellent timezone differential of only 12-15 hours from the East/West Coast of the United States (No
need to pay costly nightly premiums).
Geography
The planning area is situated in the northwestern corner of the Bataan Peninsula, sandwiched between the areas ‘two major natural features; the Zambales Mountain Range and Subic Bay. The mountain range separates the complex
from the Central Luzon Plain, and protects the base from the monsoons and trade winds from the northeast. Subic Bay provides an excellent, well-protected harbor which opens up to the South China Sea.
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The geology of the Subic Bay region is most heavily influenced by lava flows and pyroclastic deposits from two
volcanic centers: Mount Balikibok, about 10 miles to the north, and Mount Natib, 11 miles to the southeast. Mount Santa Rita, a vent located to the northeast of the U.S. Facility, Subic Bay, also influences the area geology.
Topography
The Subic Bay Freeport is located at the toe of the foothills of the Zambales Mountain Range. The terrain around Subic Bay is mountainous with relatively steep slopes extending almost to the water’s edge. Peaks within the area exceed
150 meters (500 feet) in height. The developed areas have literally been carved out of the hills or created by filling low lying areas.
Development costs on steep slopes are generally higher than on level land, due to additional site work needed and
special design considerations to prevent damage from soil erosion and landslides caused by heavy rainfall. In general,
areas with slopes of up to ten percent can be used for all types of development, and as a result, are developed first. Much of the easily developed land in the area has already been developed.
Land Allocation
SBFZ has a total area of 71,057.51 hectares both land and water (water area has a total of 12, 350 hectares and a land
area of 58,707.51 hectares as defined by Proclamation No. 532 of Subic Special Economic Zone (SSEFZ) Metes and
Bounds. It is comprised by the City of Olongapo, Subic Town, San Antonio in Zambales and the former US Naval
Reservation.
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Resources and Support Structure
Infrastructure and Facilities
Superior basic infrastructure inherited from the US Navy which includes quality roads, port facilities and
residential houses all built to exacting international standards, and with the addition of new and improved infrastructures and facilities.
Reliable supply water and electricity. Power comes from the national grid, and soon, from an on-site
generation plant that will utilize advanced technology and will also tap renewable energy. The Subic Water Company supplies quality water you can drink straight from the tap.
Good telecommunications structure, which is continually being improved by inviting new players. Subic Bay
Freeport is a dominant component of PLDT’s Digital Fiber Optic Network (DFON), the biggest and self-healing
digital fiber optic network in the country. It is also connected in Globe Telecoms Fiber and Microwave backbone. Several new players are also coming to provide the necessary services for the target ICT locators.
Connectivity wise, the fiber links from the Freeport to the main telecom facilities in Pampanga and Manila are
fully-redundant and resilient, with self healing networks, and with at least 10GB bandwidth fiber pipes.
International connectivity. Subic Bay is linked to the world through various cable networks, fiber optic
networks, microwave networks and satellite communications through the facilities of Broadband Broadcast Systems – Philippine Branch (Formerly Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation) and Aces Philippines
Corporation.
Available land/facility for lease/sublease, depending on requirements.
Telecommunications
The basic telephone system was installed during the late 1950s and upgraded in 1982 with a digital Electronic Switching System (ESS)
which provided state-of-the-art features and services not available
with the old system. In 2007, the telecommunications market has been opened to new players, and Next Generation Networks were
deployed in anticipation of the growth of the ICT Industry in the Freeport.
Systems
The following systems are already in place in Subic Bay
Subic Bay Freeport Geographical Information System
Ecology Center Information System Central Information System
Integrated Security Management System
Accreditation System Business Registration System
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Power
In 2003, Subic Enerzone Corporation (SEZ) entered into an agreement with Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA) under the terms of Distribution
Management Service Agreement (DMSA) on a Rehabilitate-Operate-Transfer
scheme on a 25 year concession. The privatization of SBMA’s power distribution system resulted to a cheaper energy cost of P0.5975/kWh from
the original cost of P1kWh and remained fixed for the first five years. It also aimed to reduce system loss from 15% to 9.5%, improve system
reliability and customer service.
SEZ was able to complete the projects on time at a cost of P541 million,
transformed the power distribution system of Subic Bay Freeport Zone (SBFZ) and brought service delivery closer to world-class standards. System loss has been drastically reduced and
service reliability, including emergency response, has dramatically improved. Infrastructure is staying ahead of growth.
In just two years, after a major rehabilitation program and the installation of new systems and advance equipment, SEZ has lowered the system loss by almost 55%, dropping it to 6.3% in 2005 from 14.1% in October 2003. It
continually improved to 3.41% in 2010. And in order to better serve its customers and with its commitment to achieve world class standards, SEZ, in 2005, has moved to a new, bigger and better office.
The electric power being distributed by SEZ in the Freeport is supplied by the 1200-MW Coal Fired Sual Power Plant
operated by San Miguel Energy Corporation (SMEC). Generated power is transmitted at two delivery point via 230KV
and 69KV lines of the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP). The 230 kV is stepped down to 69 kV by a 100 MVA power transformer located inside SBFZ. Power is distributed through 69 kV sub-transmission network to five
(5) major distribution transformers with a total capacity of 120 MVA, namely: two (2) 20 MVA Remy Field Substation; 25 MVA SBIP Substation; 27.5 MVA Maritan Substation; and 27.5 MVA Cubi Substation. The 13.8 kV distribution
network is composed of thirty-one (31) feeder lines and four (4) tie lines combined with overhead and underground
systems.
In 2008, SEZ acquired through sale of TransCo’s 100 MVA Subic Substation located inside SBFZ which includes four 69kV sub-transmission lines with a combined length of 11.54 kilometers. These acquisition gave SEZ more control
over its power distribution system, added capacity and increased reliability, and provided a larger revenue base for the
company.
Presently, Emergency Response Time (ERT) is looking better with 97.13% of calls responded within 30 minutes in June 2011. The average number of monthly interruption for year 2010 has been reduced significantly to 12
interruptions as compared to 34 interruptions in 2003
Water A consortium led by the Subic Water and Sewerage Company
(Subicwater) and the SBMA produces a supply of safe potable water for Subic Bay Freeport and Olongapo City. Raw water is taken from Bnictican,
Boton, and Malawaan Rivers, filtered and chemically treated, then stored
in secondary reservoirs located around the Freeport. The capacity of the system depends on water availability and the treatment plant capacity.
During the dry season, the sources can barely satisfy the maximum daily demand. The treatment plant has a capacity of 12 million gallons per day
(MGD).
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Watersheds The Binictican watershed is presently the primary source of raw water for the Freeport. This is supplemented by raw
water imported from the Malawaan and Boton watersheds. Most of these watersheds are covered by forest and ground cover, although development has occurred in the lower portions. At present, surface water supply barely
satisfies the demand. Therefore, until alternative water sources are developed, the watersheds must be protected
from incompatible uses.
Sewerage and Drainage System
Sewage collection and disposal for the Complex is accomplished through four separate systems. They are located in the Main Compound, Binictican , Kalayaan, and Main NEX Area. The Subic core system serves the Binictican housing
area and has two treatment facilities. Sewage from this area receives primary or secondary treatment and the
chlorinated effluent is discharged into the Malawaan River. The Kalayaan system serves the Kalayaan housing area, Senior Officer’s Quarter and the Sangley Loop area. Sewage from this area receives primary treatment and chlorinated
effluent is discharged into the Olongapo River. The Main NEX Area system serves George Dewey High School, the Navy Exchange/Commissary and NSD Subic Bay. Sewage from this area receives primary treatment and the
chlorinated effluent is discharged into Subic Bay. Treatment of sewage is required to comply with the Republic of the
Philippines pollution control laws.
The storm drainage system at the Complex consists of open drainage ditches, and some catch basins, and drainage pipes in the core area. During heavy rains, localized flooding occurs.
Solid Waste Disposal
Previously, the solid waste collected from the base housing areas is disposed of
directly in the sanitary landfill located east of the Main NEX area. Solid waste collected from the industrial areas and docks is processed through the recycling
facility. Non-recyclable material is taken to the landfill. At present, with the
closure of the landfill inside the Freeport, Subic Bay’s waste disposal is through Olongapo City’s Landfill. With the Subic – Clark – Tarlac Expressway, Subic may
also use the landfill at Clark.
Airport
Naval Air Station at Cubi Point has a 3,000 mt. runway, a parallel taxiway, and over 260, 000 sq. m. of aircraft parking apron, and several buildings for
support functions.
Airport Area = 425 Hectares
Single Runway
Length = 2, 746 Meters Width = 61.00 Meters
Seaports The port of Subic is a complete port and has a natural deep harbor with depths of up to 15 meters. It covers a total
area of 41 hectares and it has 15 operational piers and wharves capable of handling all kinds of sea vessels, enough to accommodate all types of sea vessels- from small crafts, commercial yachts, ferry boats to container vessels, cargo
ships, oil tankers and aircraft carriers, even the Panamax and post-Panamax class container vessels. With the New
Port Development, the Seaport will have an additional handling capacity of 600,000 TEU. The port will also cater cruise / passenger liners.
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World-Class SeaportWorld-Class Seaport
Piers and wharves in Subic Bay Freeport have a total berthing length of 1, 025 m. Pier facilities for small yatch and marina activities are located within the Out-of-Service-in-Reserve (OSIR) Basin.
Leyte Wharf at NAS Cubi Point is a carrier capable berth. This
facility was utilized by carriers more frequently during the
typhoon season, as its location provides a safe haven from storm waves entering the bay.
NSD Subic Bay facilities include a permanent 228 m. fuel pier,
which with Sattler Pier was used by NSD Subic Bay for loading and unloading self-sustaining container ships.
Three piers at SRF Subic Bay provide 1,885 FB. Three wharves; Alava Wharf, Rivera Point Wharf and Marginal Quay Wharf,
provide 7, 065 FB.
Berthing areas and channels at the Complex require periodic maintenance dredging to facilitate their use. Silting
patterns are variable, ranging between 9 cm. and 24 cm. per year. The need for maintenance dredging is directly related to the frequency and intensity of rainfall in the Subic Bay area and the areas drained by the Kalaklan River.
Transportation The Freeport has 24/7 transport services to cater the needs of its locators. The
Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority accredits transport vehicles and providers to
handle the transport needs.
Road Network
There are six (6) vehicular access gates to the Subic Bay
Freeport Zone Complex; the Rizal Gate, the Kalayaan Gate, the Kalaklan Gate, and the 14th Street Gate. Two
other vehicular access are located at Tipo Road and south of NAVMAG Subic Bay (Morong Gate).
Traffic at the complex is concentrated on several major roadways. Argonaut Highway is the primary north-south
thoroughfare, connecting the northern portion of the Freeport with Cubi Point and Naval Magazine Area. Within
the core area of the Freeport, major east-west roadways are Rizal Highway, Canal Street and Dewey Avenue. North-south arterials within the core are Labitan Street, Santa
Rita, Sampson Road and Burgos Street.
The roads in the Freeport are well maintained. The Freeport has “Grade A” road structure, giving convenience and
safety to travelers/road users.
Road infrastructure from Manila to Subic has greatly improved with the addition of the Subic – Clark
Expressway (SCTEX) which provided efficient and effective delivery of passenger and goods. Travel time from
Manila to Subic Bay Freeport has been reduced to almost half with the completion of SCTEX.
For the IT sector, especially its workforce, which may be sourced from different areas in Luzon, traveling to
and from place of work will not be a problem.
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Security and Safety The Freeport offers one of the highest levels of security
found in any economic zone of the region. In the tradition of its former status is a U.S. Naval Base, the Freeport
maintains a large civilian security force, along with a
perimeter fence and checkpoints at all entry and exit points. Investors also rate fire and safety services among the
Freeport’s top 3 strengths.
Other support facilities
Medical
1. Baypointe Medical Center 2. George Dewey Medical Center
3. James Gordon Hospital 4. Mother and Child Medical Center
5. St. Jude Medical Center
6. Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
Banks
1. Bank of the Philippine Islands 2. Metro Bank
3. PS Bank
4. May Bank 5. Land Bank of the Philippines
6. China Trust Bank 7. Philippine National Bank
8. China Bank
8. Other banks and Lending Institutions
Convention Centers
1. Olongapo City Convention Center 2. Subic Bay Exhibition and Convention Center
Housing and Hotels Malls
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ANALYSIS: MANPOWER
Manpower
Investors rate wage rates and productivity among the top 10 strengths of the Freeport. The previous period of U.S.
military presence resulted in a workforce whose command of English is superior to that found in other areas of the
Philippines.
Size of Labor Pool WORKFORCE
Labor Support Pool
Within the Region Figures
Central Luzon Population (Y2007) 9,720,982
Central Luzon Population (Y2011 estimates) 9,720,982
Zambales Population (Y2007) 493,085 (5.07% of R3)
Bataan Population (Y2007) 662,153 (6.81% of R3)
Aurora Population (Y2007) 187,802 (1.93% of R3)
Bulacan Population (Y2007) 2,826,926 (29.08% of R3)
Nueva Ecija Population (Y2007) 1,853,853 (19.07% of R3)
Pampanga Population (Y2007) 1,911,951 (19.67% of R3)
Tarlac Population (Y2007) 1,243,449 (12.79% of R3)
Regional Growth Rate (Y2007-2008) 3.8
Gross Regional Domestic Product (2008 Percentage Contribution) 8.30
Per Capita Gross Regional Domestic Product (2008) 12,049
Literacy Rate (Y2003) 96.9%
Total no. Higher Educational Institutions (As of August 2010) 227
No. of Higher Educational Institutions Enrollment in R3 (Y2011) 176,769
No. of Higher Educational Institutions Graduates in R3 (Y2011) 39,743
Total no. of Primary/Secondary Schools 2,908
No. of TVET Graduates in R3 (Y2009) 168,841
No. of Schools offering ICT/ICT Related Courses 137
No. of Voc-Tech Schools within the Region 365
No. of Schools offering Voc-Tech Programs with Training Regulations 677
No. of Schools offering Voc-Tech Programs without Training Regulations 972
Source: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/regview.asp?region=03
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_educ.asp
http://202.57.63.198/chedwww/index.php/eng/Information
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 10
Manpower Pool Support
Listed below are the Commission on Higher Education and TESDA statistics with regards to the enrollment and
graduates of schools (HEI and VOC-TECH) in Region 3.
CHED Statistics
DISCIPLINE SY 2007-2008 SY 2008-2009 SY 2009-2010 SY 2010-2011
ENROLMENT GRADUATE ENROLMENT GRADUATE ENROLMENT GRADUATE ENROLMENT GRADUATE
Graduate Education 5,092 361 4,976 397 4,645 659 6,081 1,219 Teacher Education 28,219 5,467 30,758 6,587 27,471 3,296 22,415 4,703
Business Education 34,205 5,985 36,941 6,882 42,942 7,335 48,688 8,161 Engineering 22,491 1,641 20,740 1,805 20,710 2,589 21,685 2,978
Architecture/Fine Arts 2,585 326 2,714 358 2,042 231 2,666 327 Law 490 55 504 60 477 30 613 49
Criminology 3,947 286 3,502 314 3,846 475 4,493 476 Humanities, Social Science, Communication (HuSoCoM)
4,407 1,043 3,339 532 3,754 550 4,858 753
Health-Related 41,620 6,852 43,088 8,333 38,183 9,642 25,689 14,044 Information Technology 18,495 2,492 20,344 2,965 22,692 2,501 24,985 3,787
Maritime Education 3,461 585 3,807 643 3,772 779 4,639 1,380 Agriculture 4,926 1,191 5,320 1,310 5,439 92 6,081 1,219
Science & Mathematics 1,971 334 2,089 467 2,379 497 3,875 647 TOTAL 171,909 26,618 178,122 30,654 178,352 28,676 176,769 39,743
TESDA Statistics
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Labor Quality
Huge supply of university and vocational graduates (coming from Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga and other
Region III provinces) trained in ICT-related skills from institutions with western-pattered education system.
Literacy rate in SBF and its adjacent areas is a high 96.9%.
Workers are proficient in English, trainable and technically capable within 6-8 weeks. Thus, companies are
assured or quality management and technical staff with strong work ethics.
Cost competitive. Minimum wage rate in SBF is US$4.08/day. Investors rank wage rates and productivity as
among the strengths of Subic Bay Freeport.
Low attrition rate. Average worker’s length of stay is 2.5 years vs. 8-9 months in the US. Turnover rate is less
than 5% vs. 100-200% in the US.
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ANALYSIS: PRICING
Existing Community
BUSINESS COSTS
Industrial Land Cost
Location Land Lease (per sq. m)
Terms Payment Options
Subic Bay Gateway Park (SBGP) –
Phase I
$ 65.00/sq. m. 50-year term
Long Term (50 years)
•within 1 year : 0% interest • within 3 years 6
% interest per annum • 30
% - 1st payment, 70% - installment payment plan
Subic Bay Gateway Park (SBGP) – Phase II
$ 65.00/sq. m. 50-year term
Long Term (50 years) •within 1 year : 0%
interest • within 3 years 6
% interest per annum • 30 % - 1st payment, 70% -
installment payment plan
Subic Techno-Park (STEP) US$75-80 (for 50 yrs)
Long Term
Subic Bay Freeport (SBMA jurisdiction)
US$0.03 – 2.40 Sq.m./mo., minimum of one (1) year renewable
Short/long term
Commercial Land Cost
Location Land Lease (per sq. m)
Terms Payment Options
Subic Bay Gateway Park (SBGP) –
Phase I
2.50/ sq. m. • Long Term (Monthly) • 5% GRS
Long Term (50 years)
•within 1 year : 0% interest • within 3 years 6
% interest per annum • 30 % - 1st payment, 70% -
installment payment plan
Subic Bay Gateway Park (SBGP) – Phase I
$180.00/sq.m. (Lump Sum)
• Long Term (50 years) • 5% GRS
Subic Bay Gateway Park (SBGP) – Phase II
2.00/ sq. m. • Long Term (Monthly) • 5% GRS
Long Term (50 years) •within 1 year : 0%
interest • within 3 years 6
% interest per annum • 30 % - 1st payment, 70% -
installment payment plan
Subic Bay Gateway Park (SBGP) –
Phase II
$100.00/sq.m. (Lump Sum)
• Long Term (50 years) • 5% GRS
Subic Techno-Park (STEP) US$75-80 (for 50 yrs)
Short/long term
Subic Bay Freeport (SBMA
jurisdiction)
US$2.52-3.61
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Office Space Cost
Location Sale Cost
(per sq. m)
Average Rental
(per sq. m)
Central Business District (CBD) n/a US$ 4-15 per sq.m.
Factory Building Cost
Location Factory Sale Cost Average Rental
(per sq.m.)
Subic Bay Freeport (SBMA jurisdiction) n/a US$ 2- 20
PRODUCTION COSTS
MANPOWER COST
Minimum Wage for Workers
DAILY MINIMUM WAGE RATES REGION III, Central Luzon a/
Per Wage Order No. RBIII-16 b/
Effective June 24, 2011
Basic Wage COLA under
W.O. RBIII-16
Minimum Wage under
W.O. RBIII-16
NON-AGRICULTURE
Establishments
with total assets of P30
million or more
P302.00 P28.00 P330.00
Establishments with
total assets of less than
P30 million
P294.50 P28.00 322.50
RETAIL/SERVICE
With 16 or more workers 291.00 P28.00 319.00
With less than 16 workers 277.00 P28.00 305.00
a/ Region III covers the Provinces of Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales
and the Cities of Angeles, Balanga, Cabanatuan, Gapan, Malolos, Muñoz, Olongapo, Palayan, San Fernando, San Jose, San Jose Del Monte, and Tarlac.
b/ Integrated P4.00 COLA under RBIII-15 into the basic pay, and granted a new P14.00 COLA/day increase to all minimum wage earners/workers and employees in the private sector in the region.
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UTILITY COSTS
Electricity Cost
Customer Type Residential Commercial Industrial Street Light
Distribution Charges (PhP) (PhP) (PhP) (PhP)
Distribution System Charge PhP/kWh
1.5030 0.4850 0.3617 1.2006
Demand Charge PhP/kWh
208.8400 155.1500
Supply Charges
Supply System Charge PhP/kWh
0.1176
Retail Customer Charge PhP/Meter/Mo.
120.3400 1450.1600 94.7900
Metering Charges
Metering System Charge PhP/kWh
0.2189
Retail Customer Charge 5.0000 662.6900 1146.3600 159.9100
Interclass Cross Subsidy
(1/3 Removal) PhP/ kWh -0.3019 -0.0106 0.0406 -0.0710
Universal Charges
Missionary Electrification PhP/kWh
0.0978 0.0978 0.0978 0.0978
Environmental Charge PhP/kWh
0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025
Water Cost
Tariff Category Consumption Block
(cu.m)
Rates
(PhP)/(cu.m)
Residential
Standing Charge PhP 461.63
0-10 cubic meters PhP 18.78
11-30 cubic meters PhP 20.66
31-60 cubic meters PhP 28.17
61-100 cubic meters PhP 32.87
Over 100 cubic meters PhP 37.54
Hotels
Standing Charge PhP 461.63
0-50 cubic meters PhP 34.64
51-100 cubic meters PhP 38.08
101-300 cubic meters PhP 43.26
301-500 cubic meters PhP 46.73
Over 500 cubic meters PhP 50.21
Commercial/Industrial/Institutional
Standing Charge PhP 461.63
0-50 cubic meters PhP 34.10
51-100 cubic meters PhP 37.52
101-300 cubic meters PhP 42.62
301-500 cubic meters PhP 46.04
Over 500 cubic meters PhP 49.45
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Telecommunications Cost
Category Monthly Service Fee
(PhP)
One Time Charge (PhP)
Voice
Business Lines 950 800
Residential Lines 540 500
Trunk Lines 1,820 800
FEX Lines * *
Vanity Number * *
ISDN ** **
DID/DOD ** **
Data
BizDSL (Business DSL)
Small biz Micro (up to 3 Mbps) 3,000 1,200
Small Biz Lite (Entrepreneur, Up to 3.5 Mbps) 4,000 1,200
Small Biz Jr (Enterprise, Up to 4.5 Mbps) 8,000 1,200
Small Biz Sr (Empire, Up to 5 Mbps) 14,500 1,200
Power Packed A (up to 6 Mbps) 20,000 1,200
Power Packed B (up to 7 Mbps) 35,000 1,200
Power Packed C (up to 8 Mbps) 50,000 1,200
MyDSL (Residential DSL)
Plan 990 (Bundled with voice, up to 384 Kbps) 990 1,200
Plan 1299 (Bundled with voice, up to 512 Kbps) 1299 1,200
Xperience 999 (up to 1 Mbps) 999 1,200
Xcite 1995 (up to 2 Mbps) 1995 1,200
Xcel 3000 (up to 3 Mbps) 3000 1,200
Leased Line
Internet Leased Line (2 Mbps and up) US$ ** US$ **
Poin-to-Point US$ ** US$ **
Solutions
Watcher 2,000 500
BizDSL WiFi hotspot 1,500 500
Sweetspots * *
VOX * *
Videocon * *
OnCall * *
* Negotiable Rates – based ** Negotiable Rares – based on bandwidth speed and distance
Source: PLDT-SubicTel
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Availability of Real Estate (Please see list of available facilities at Annex) The total land area of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone (former U.S. Military Reservation) is about 13, 600.80 Hectares.
Available useable land to date is around 1,755 Hectares
The Future Subic Gateway Proposed IT Park / Software Devt.
Subic Commercial Light & Industrial Park Proposed SBIP Finance & Business Center /
ICT Park (Immediate)
Subic Techno Park Subic Bay Industrial Park
Wistron Infocomm Buildings & Lot
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 17
Lifestyle and Quality of Life
Live and work in a high quality environment free from traffic and pollution. Subic Bay Freeport is endowed
with pristine forest parks, stretches of beaches, dozens of recreational facilities and other modern
amenities, all in one place.
Friendly, hospitable people, yet law-abiding and discipline as exemplified by their disposition of
maintaining the Freeport’s clean surroundings and following its US-inherited traffic regulations (i.e. “the
first to stop-first to go” rule), making SBF a showcase of the “can do” spirit of the Filipino.
Value-for-money housing. Perfectly nestled amidst Subic Bay’s peaceful and verdant woodlands, SBF’s
residential estates are complete with family amenities such as swimming pools and playgrounds, and are within reach from your place of work or business (only 5 minutes drive away from the SBF’s Central
Business District).
Presence of first-rate educational institutions such as Brent International School, Ateneo MBA-Regis
Program, U.P. and other technical schools.
Highly secured and well-contained community. In the tradition of its former status as a U.S. Naval facility,
the Freeport is made safe by a large civilian security and fire prevention force supported by an emergency
911 system. Perimeter fence and checkpoints at all entry and exit points reinforce security in the Freeport.
Educational Institutions inside the Zone
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
• BRENT INTERNATIONAL SUBIC
• SPED
• SUBIC MONTESSORI SCHOOL • CASA KALAYAAN LEARNING CENTER
• REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL • FIRST SCHOOL OF SUBIC BAY
UNIVERSITIES / GRADUATE SCHOOL
• UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES EXTENSION PROGRAM • LYCEUM SUBIC
• MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE
COLLEGES
• COMTEQ COMPUTER & BUSINESS COLLEGE
• MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE • LYCEUM OF SUBIC BAY
• GLOBAL CITY INNOVATIVE COLLEGE (GCIC)
• NETWORK COMPUTER & BUSINESS COLLEGES
RESEARCH & TRAINING INSTITUTIONS
• INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SHIPPING SCHOOL(IDESS )
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 18
Government Support and Initiatives
The Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority, together with its stakeholders, and in cooperation with other local government
units is in full support of the initiatives to promote Subic Bay Freeport as a premiere destination for tourism, leisure, and business. In line with the management initiative to promote the Freeport as a preferred destination for ICT
Businesses, the Agency (SBMA) together with the various stakeholders and LGU are more than willing to position the
Freeport as one of the Regional ICT Hubs in the Philippines.
Private Sector Initiatives
Various stakeholders, specifically the schools, estate developers, and our ICT locators, had been in full support of the
campaign to promote Subic Bay as one of the Regional ICT Hubs. Estate developers are willing to build the facility/ies
and infrastructure depending on the needs of ICT investors/locators.
Industry Situation - SBFZ
The Subic Bay Freeport Zone is a unique investment area having an advantage of a world class infrastructure; distinct
security system that make it secured and peaceful; competitive incentives; strategically located; and having qualified and trainable workers.
The Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority is targeting around $5 billion investments, creating more than 100,000 ICT
related jobs and post some $2 billion in export by the year 2010
To date, the Subic Freeport’s total active workforce reached 80,173 workers that are currently employed by 1,172
registered Freeport enterprises.
Korean and Chinese businesses dominated the Foreign Direct Investment scene in the Freeport with the entry of Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd. and Hebei Xingtai Jingniu Glass Co., Ltd. among others.
The Freeport Zone according to Subic Telecoms is currently hosting twelve (12) firms in four (4) ICT sectors –
Animation - one (1) firm, Software Development- three (3) firms, Medical Transcription – one (1) firm and Business Process Outsourcing – seven (7) firms.
The ICT industry at present was supported by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA) leadership and different
stakeholders from National and Local Government and the private sector. Through SBMA’s initiative, an ICT Council
was organized.
There is a lot of potential in the Freeport when it comes to the ICT Industry. With its natural stress-free business environment, high-valued activities of ICT Companies will benefit a lot.
Existing High Tech Industries Hosted by SBF (Please see list of ICT Locators at Annex)
Subic Bay Freeport is an ideal location for high-tech industries and ICT related services such as Hardware Peripheral
Manufacturing, Internet Service Providers, Call Centers, BPOs, Telecommunications, Software Development, and Research & Development. SBF is host to the following ICT services and industries:
NO. COMPANY BUSINESS ACTIVITY PSIC
CLASSIFICATION CODE
1 ABSOLUTE SERVICE, INC. - PHIL., BRANCH
Data entry, typesetting and prepress technology services; to answer and service emails and other electronic files together with any and all other related services and/products in any form or manner whatsoever, and buy, sell, supply, lease, distribute, own, operate, handle and in anyway deal in and with real and personal property of every class and description except lands but not limited to buildings and/or equipment.
K72900
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 19
2 ACES PHILIPPINES CELLULAR CORPORATION
Providing communication services via satellite in accordance with existing laws, rules, and regulations
I64209
3 ASHTON DATA SUBIC, INC. To engage in the business of providing e-Commerce (business-to-business) and software development in the Freeport.
K72300
4 ATECK-SUBIC CORP To engage in the business of providing services on technical installation, repair, assembly and maintenance of equipment, machineries, tolls, parts, computer hardware/software, data encoding and processing
K72900
5 AUDIOWAV MEDIA INC.
To engage in the business of design, development, management, operations, and sale of services and equipment including, but not limited to, speakers, amplifiers, acoustic systems, embedded applications/software, web-hosting solutions, in-store/in-building public- address, audio/video systems, web development, programming, open source systems, ICT- /electronics- related hardware, software, peripherals and other related equipment, content other stored-data or streaming media and web applications to clients nationwide, including freeports and economic zones, and overseas.
K72900
6 AW P.A. TECHNOLOGY INC.
To engage in the business of design, development, management, operations, and sale of services and equipment including, but not limited to, speakers, amplifiers, acoustic systems, embedded applications/software, web-hosting solutions, in-store/in-building public- address, audio/video systems, web development, programming, open source systems, ICT- /electronics- related hardware, software, peripherals and other related equipment, content other stored-data or streaming media and web applications to clients nationwide, including freeports and economic zones, and overseas.
K72900
7 BROADBAND BROADCAST SERVICES PTE., LTD.- PHILIPPINE BRANCH
To establish, own, lease, operate and maintain satellite operations facilities and related equipment for tracking, telemetry, command and monitoring services to satellite operators.
I64209
8 CAPEX-V EXCHANGE VENTURES, INC.
Value Added Service Provider (VASP) such as but not limited to internet based added services, software and hardware content provider, service management solutions including supply chain management, management consulting, technology services and outsourcing.
K72900
9 COMTEQ COMPUTER & BUSINESS COLLEGE
To establish and operate an educational institution or learning center which shall provide courses of study in elementary and high school, collegiate level and technical and vocational education subject to the laws of the Philippines and to receive tuitions and miscellaneous fees, accept donations, endowments, grants, legacies and instruments/devices conformably with existing applicable statutes.
M81490
10 DEANG ENTERPRISES To engage in the business of retailing of mobile devices, accessories, computer peripherals and other electronic gadgets and the like.
G52362
11 E-KONEK PILIPINAS, INC. To engage in the development, operation, and maintenance of the SBMA Trade Automation and Facilitation System (SBMA - TAFS) using ASYCUDA
K72300
12 ELLICK BPO SOLUTIONS, INC.
To engage in the business of call center solutions and services, customer care / support, telemarketing, web- based solutions and services, multimedia development and services, customized IT solutions and services, software and web development, consultancy and technical services in the field of information and communications technology, business process outsourcing (BPO) and knowledge- based processed outsourcing (KPO), call center training and staffing for BPO companies, and other related activities and services.
K72900
13 EMERALD II TRADING & SERVICES, INC.
Engage in the business of import, wholesale trading and retailing of general commodities and electronic items such as but not limited to computers, computer software and peripherals, cell phones, and other electronic parts and items related subject to all applicable laws
G52362
14 EXACT STAR SUBIC BAY CORPORATION
To engage in the business of customer care call center and BPO services K72900
15 FREEPORT CABLE, INC. Providing community antenna television or cable television services and other ancillary services in the Zone
O92132
16 FREEPORT PHIL- UP, INC. Internet café, on- line game, computer programming/ developing and other related computer activities
K72900
17 FUSEWORX, INC.
To engage in the business of custom computer application development, including web and standalone application programs, graphic arts conceptualization, and production for print and website design requirements, including application development for direct marketing, as well as, engage in the back offices services.
K72900
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 20
18 GLOBAL ACCESS (SUBIC) COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
To engage in the business of telecommunication services specifically Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
I64209
19 GLOBAL NETWORK & COMMUNICATION INC. (formerly HANKOOK)
To privately engage, establish, conduct, and carry on the business of Systems Integration (SI) NETWORKS Integration (NI) business, Logistics Automation & Security, Software Development and Maintenance.
K72900
20 GROUND ZERO TELECOMS To engage in the business of selling cellphones and accessories G52362
21 IDESS INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Software Development K72300
22 INNOVE COMMUNICATIONS INC. Engage in the business of providing telecom services. I64209
23 JADE GROUP, INC. Software provider for all cellular phone companies, major banks, retail and restaurants and establishments wherein the main export is prepaid cellular phone load using SMS payment Platform.
K72300
24 JDESIGN CORPORATION Providing art and design, printing, academic, internet web designing and development; and technical skills.
K72900
25 JK KOREA SOFTWARE INC
To engage in the business of casual online interactive games, providing application services for developing gaming websites and content distribution business and other related value-added services to any and all types of information technology users related to interactive computer games and distribution, including but not limited to, creating, owning, managing, operating and maintaining casual games portals in the Korean internet space, owning soft ware and hardware, assembling, processing, producing, inventing, developing and/or importing programs and equipment and other component thereof, designing and customization of computer software or programs and provide management, technical and maintenance support and services.
k72900
26 KOREA NETWORKS FREEPORT INC.
To establish, manage and operate an office for information technology system.
K72900
27 KWT COMPUTER SYSTEMS, INC. Providing IT Solutions Services such as web hosting, web design, systems integration, multi-media development, computer repair and upgrade, tutorials and training.
K72900
28 LYNK ASIA OUTSOURCING CORPORATION
To engage in the business of call center solutions and services, telemarketing, customer care/support, web based solutions and services, software and web development and services, IT solutions and services, consultancy and technical services on the filed of information and communicating technology, business process outsourcing (BPO) and knowledge based processed outsourcing (KPO) and other allied services.
K72900
29 MICROSHOP SUBIC, INC. Computer sales, repairs, maintenance, and networking services G52362
30 NETWORK ECONOMIC SERVICE VENTURES PHILIPPINES, INC.
To engage in the business of information technology (IT) outsourcing that provides software development for mobile applications, ERP, PABX modules, personal information monitoring management for cold chain industries, cloud computing, web development and other related IT services and acts or things necessary in the furtherance of the abovementioned activites and purposes subject to all applicable laws.
K72900
31 PARAMOUNT PACIFIC CORPORATION
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Service, Network Operations Center and Interactive Gaming
K72900
32 PILIPINAS MICRO-MATRIX TECHNOLOGY (PMT JOINT VENTURE), INC.
Business of providing consultancy and technical services in the fields of information communication technology, computerization, office automation and software developments and to engage in an activity in connection with buying, selling, distributing, marketing at wholesale insofar as may be permitted by law, all kinds of goods, commodities, wares and merchandise of every kind and description, to enter into all contracts for the export, import, purchase, acquisition, sale at wholesale and other disposition for its own account as principal or in representative capacity as manufacturers representative, merchandise broker, indentor, commission merchant, factors or agents, upon consignment of all kinds of goods, wares, merchandise or products whether natural or artificial; subleasing activity.
K72900
33 PLDT-SUBIC TELECOM, INC. Providing telecommunication services, establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication facilities, networks, and systems.
I64209
34 SANGWON EDU SUBIC CORP To engage in, operate, conduct and maintain the business of online learning, teaching, tutorials and business process outsourcing (BPO) subject to all applicable laws.
k72900
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 21
35 S-CORP (formerly MOMENTUM DATA EAST PHILIPPINES, INC.
Establishing a data encoding office to offer technology services including technology outsourcing, business process outsourcing, electronic commerce and systems integration, development installation, and operate technology solutions for several different industries catering to continuous improvement of business process and adapt to emerging technologies and processes.
K72900
36 S-IL CORPORATION
To engage in Information Technology business; computer sales, computer peripherals, communication equipment sales, web electronic goods sales on wholesale basis; software development, web development in the internet, including software design, software programming, web design application, web hosting, domain registration, web application operations, web application programming; software support maintenance, software documentations, computer system maintenance, internet shop and services and other related to web technology and to users and clients in the local and global market, without however engaging in telecommunication business.
K72900
37 SMARTNET PHILIPPINES, INC. Trunked radio service provider, including maintenance, importation of parts and accessories for radios and other telecommunication items.
I64209
38 SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AERONAUTIQUES
Provide air-to-ground communication services to member airlines landing at Subic Bay International Airport
I64209
39 SUBIC NEXUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Systems integrator, reseller of IT products and services to Subic Bay Freeport Zone enterprises and those located in nearby economic zones.
K72900
40 SUBIC WORX, INC.
Import/export, wholesale and retail of office equipment, furniture, communication equipment, computer peripherals and its services and trading of brand new automobile parts, and to engage in construction services or building maintenance.
G52362
41 SUBICOM, INC. Travel agency, to develop ICT projects, especially those that include payment processing, tourism and the sale of locally manufactured goods to international markets.
k72900
42 TEC NET (TOP ENGLISH COMMUNICATION NETWORK)
To engage in the business of Online Learning, Business Process Oursourcing (BPO), customer care / support services, contact center operations and management, Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO), and internet shop.
K72900
43 TEMENECO, INC.
Intends to be full service database builder and list broker that will provide, among others, data gathering, list broker services, email list solutions, list management services and other services including data processing for its clients.
K72500
44 TIC PHILIPPINES SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
To engage in the business of information, technology activities in connection with the analysis, design and programming of systems, which involve technical support and documentation services.
K72900
45 U TECH & ICALL ZELLSHOPE To engage in the business of operation of retailing of mobile phones and telecommunication products and other related gadgets and accessories
G52362
46 WOODRA ENTERPRISES, INC.
To engage in the business of trading cellphones, computers, accessories, etc. and repair and maintenance services; import/ export and retail of electronic devices such as computers, computer parts & accessories, cellphones, cameras, & all other electronic devices.
G52362
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 22
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS (EXTERNAL LANDSCAPE)
ICT Industry Situationer – Market Trends
The Information and Communications Technology Industry
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is the convergence of information technology and communications
technology. It is associated with the processing and/or exchange of data in the form of sound, text, or images or any combination thereof through the use of digital technology. The Internet is a testament to such convergence through
which the various forms of data may be processed and/or exchanged.
The ICT Industry is composed of various players – hardware manufacturers and vendors, software vendors,
application developers, content developers, ICT Enabled Service Providers, and ICT Enablers.
ICT Enablers include telecommunications providers, internet service providers, and even the academe, which produces
a variety of skilled professionals needed by the ICT Industry.
ICT Enabled Service Providers, spawned by the ever growing dependence of business entities on ICT for their day to day operations yet are cutting down on costs by outsourcing/off-shoring some business processes, include call
centers, business process outsourcing, and e-commerce businesses.
Industry Situation – Central Luzon1
Central Luzon is strategically located at the heart of Asia and the Philippines. Only 66 kilometers away from Metro
Manila, Central Luzon is the gateway to the Northern Luzon regions. It covers a total land area of 21,311 sq. km. and it is administratively divided into 7 provinces, namely: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and
Zambales.
Central Luzon is being positioned as an Outsourcing Hub for ICT and ICT enabled services in the country. To date,
there are about twenty (20) ICT-related companies in Central Luzon, specifically within the Clark and Subic economic zones. These include global companies like America Online in Clark and IDESS Interactive Technology in Subic.
Central Luzon Advantage
Inherent Competitive Advantages of Central Luzon
The Growth Corridor of Central Luzon defines the region’s key growth areas. It comprises Central Luzon’s key investment area for tourism, industry and agriculture. It is envisioned to become:
1. An International Transshipment Hub and Industrial Heartland of the Philippines and the Asia Pacific region 2. A World Conference Center
3. A Showcase of Competitive and Vibrant Agricultural Sector
Aside from the built-in advantages that make Region 3 an ideal investment destination, Central Luzon also offers a
wide array of investment opportunities. Key industries being promoted include:
1. Information and knowledge-based Industries; 2. Ancillary and/or support services to the locators of IEs and Ecozones;
3. Tourist destinations and facilities development; 4. Agri-processing industries;
5. Establishment of international schools, training, health and research institutions;
1 Central Luzon Investment Promotion Center, Department of Trade & Industry Region 3
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 23
6. Businesses on “international lifestyle” and “local color;” and,
7. Government projects
The region covers hectares of land within ecozones and industrial parks, where various investment projects can be located. Among these are the major industrial areas in Bataan, Clark, Subic, Luisita and Central Techno Park, which
are among the country’s premier special economic zones.
Competitive Advantages of CL as an Outsourcing Center
The region is an ideal Outsourcing Center for ICT and ICT-enabled services, because of its manpower and
telecommunications infrastructure. It is host to the country’s premier economic zones - the Clark Special Economic Zone and the Subic Bay Freeport Zone, alongside with other government and private industrial estates that generate
jobs and foreign exchange for the country.
1. Manpower Supply
The region has a reservoir of young, highly skilled, design-oriented and competent manpower resource that is capable
of meeting the demands of industrial growth and expansion. Majority of the available work force speak and
understand basic English.
The credibility and expertise of Filipino IT professionals are recognized all over the world as proven by satisfied customers in diverse IT application fields. The cultural heritage of the Filipino people molded by Western and Oriental
influences affords the Filipino to understand the nuances of both cultures.
According to the Commission on Higher Education, there were almost 178,093 enrollees for School Year 2006 -2007
from around 162 universities and colleges region-wide. These were in the fields of information technology, business, engineering, arts and sciences, among others.
2. Infrastructure Facilities
In addition to the present road network, the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway Project, a 93 kilometer highway that will lessen travel time of 1 hour from Subic to Tarlac. With this, Central Luzon is expected to become a globally
competitive, multi-modal distribution hub of goods, people and information.
In place telecommunications infrastructure required supporting our telecommunications and interconnectivity for IT-
related activities in the region and serve by PLDT, PILTEL, Innove Communications, and Mabuhay Satellite Philippines.
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 24
Above is the graphical presentation of PLDT’s Digital Microwave Radio System (DRS) and Digital Fiber Optic Network (DFON). 2
3. Strategic Location
Central Luzon is strategically located in consideration to the Asia- Pacific Rim, offering almost equidistant location to
any key point in Asia.
It is the only region in the country that is accessible through three major international airports: Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (DMIA), Subic Bay International Airport (SBIA), and the Ninoy Aquino International Airport
(NAIA). It is central enough to host the viable operations and growth of small, medium and large enterprises directed at catering to the needs not only of Central Luzon but the nearby regions as well.
4. Market Spheres of Influence
Investors in Central Luzon can benefit from the area’s large pool of small and medium - sized enterprises that are
spread in all the seven (7) provinces that can be relied upon for supplies and various subcontracting arrangements.
The total of 38.14 M people as potential market is an important consideration for those planning to establish
businesses in the region. Owing to its strategic location, Central Luzon’s economic spheres of influence extend to North Luzon, CALABARZON and Metro Manila.
Target Market
The Freeport is host to a variety of industry. These industries are Logistics, Manufacturing and Maritime and Leisure. Just recently, in line with the Freeport’s development goals, another industry which was targeted to be captured was
Information and Communications Technology. Although the Freeport is host to some ICT locators, the ultimate goal is
to get a major share in the ICT industry. As discussed prior, priority sectors identified by the BOI that are deemed to prosper here in the country are BPO, Software and Applications Development, Animation, and a lot more. To give
further justification of the target industry and market in the Freeport, listed are some published reports and survey about possible opportunities that areas can venture into.
1. Target Industry:
a. ICT Infrastructure Enablers:
Internet Service Providers
Telecommunications Companies
Property Developers
Transportation Service Providers
b. ICT Business: Hardware makers and assemblers
IC Designers
Software Developers
Applications and Content Developers
c. ICT Enabled Businesses: Call Centers
2 Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE: ICT HUB LOCATION PROFILE Page 25
Business Process Outsourcing (accounting, transcription, HR, financial services, etc.),
e-learning enterprises
Animation and multimedia
Content development
Business Continuity services
c. Biotech
d. International testing and repair center
2. Geographic Market:
a. Philippine locators – multinational companies, specially those with expansion plans
b. Local ICT companies
c. North America (USA & Canada)
d. Asia
e. Europe