Subject Index

A23187, force deve lopment 243, 244 - , free Ca 2 + 244 acetylcholine 37, 38, 42 - , E D H F 23, 24, 25 - , vascular tone 2, 3 actin, Ca 2 + b inding 233 adenine nucleotides, E D R F 33 adenosine d iphospha te 22, 23, 24 aequor in 152 - , diffusion coefficient 207

, , appa ren t 207, 208 - response, ca l ibra t ion 157, 159 - signal 74, 75, 161, 166, 167, 169, 170,

171, 187, 188, 199, 207, 210, 243 - - , deconvolu t ion 155, 156, 157 - - , extra l ight 236, 237 - - , po ten t ia t ion 240 - - , re laxat ion 200 - t ransient , tail 200, 201 amant id ine 193 angiotens in II 40 arachidonic acid 3, 4, 5, 25, 38, 45, 46 L-arginine, nitric oxide synthesis 17 atherosclerosis 39 ATP, caged 211 - release, photolysis 229, 230 - removal 227, 229 ATPase activity, barnacle

myofibrils 225 - - , myofibri l lar bundles 222 - - , re la t ion to mechanics 225-227 - - , skinned fibres 225

b lood flow, changes, E D R F release borohydr ide reduct ion 103 b radyk in in 10, 11, 16, 22, 42 Brody 's disease 120, 121

30

Ca z + accumulat ion, muscle fatigue 115, 116

- ATPase 182 - - cardiac, hypoxia 115 - - in homogena tes 95, 96 - - in termediate form 96 - - p h o s p h o l a m b a n 109-111 - - p lasma membrane 82, 83

, ca lmodul in 110 - - SR 71, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96 - - - ac t ivat ion energy 76

, amino acid sequence 105-107, 108, 109 , , Ca 2+ affinity 110 , , chronic s t imulat ion 116 , , cleavage 103, 104, 105

- - , SR, crystals 96-101, 109, 112 , density 96, 101 , domains 105, 106 , embryonic I 11 , energy source 94 , funct ional sites 105, 107 , gene 107, 108 , immunochemis t ry 101-103, 112 , inhibi tors 122 , isoforms 101, 103, 105, 107-109 , , chronic s t imula t ion 117 , , embryonic 112

- - , , t h y r o i d 118 , , l imited proteolysis 103, 104 , , nucleotide b inding site 103, 104 , , o l igomerizat ion 99 , , pH 202 , , react ion cycle 93, 94, 99, 103, 104 , , s t ructure 103-105 , , thyroid h o r m o n e effect 118 , , visualizat ion 96, 97, 98, 104

260 Subject Index

Ca 2+ accumulation (Continued) - - , uptake function 94, 95, 96, 109 - binding, proteins 74, 78, 84-86 - - sites, cytoplasmic 156

, myofibrillar 153, 159, 163 - buffering 191 - - , muscle force transients 201,204,

205, 206 - , caged 157, 211 if, 227 - changes, intracellular,

contraction 151, 152 If, 162 if, 172 ff - channel blockers 36, 44 - - complex, ryanodine-binding 187,

192 - - D H P receptor 79, 80, 81 - - L-type 80,81, 184 - - leak 12 - - receptor operated 11 - - ryanodine 80 - - smooth muscle 43, 44 - - stretch-activated 12, 13 - - voltage-dependent 11, 12 - - - , current size 198 - chelators 172 - concentration, cytoplasmic,

oscillations 78 - , cooperative action 234 - currents, muscle force 173 ff - , E D R F 9-13, 20

, , extracellular 9, 10 - flux models 156 - , free, Na + - Ca 2+ exchange 195 ff

, , pH 193 - indicators 74, 75 - influx, extracellular Li + 195, 196 - , intracellular 10, 21, 43 - , intramitochondrial 84 - nitr-5 189 - , phosphatidylinositol pathway 14, 15 - , photorelease 189, 214 - regulation, mitochondrial 84 - release, Ca 2 +-induced 173, 176,

178-185, 187-190, 214, 215, 236, 237 - - , - , drug effects 193 - release channel 121 - - - , ryanodine-sensitive 182, 184, 185 - - complexes 80-82 - - , InsP 3 191, 192 - - on mechanical perturbation 236 - - , SR 176, 178 ff

, , charge coupled model 186 , , protons 192, 193

- sensitivity, myofibrils 240 - signals, muscle, comparative

study 75, 76 - - , skeletal muscle 74-76, 77 - store, caffeine-releasable 182, 185 - transients 236 - - , relation to muscle force 163, 164,

166 - - , quantification 157 ff - transport, embryonic 111, 112 - uptake block, muscle twitch 77, 79 caffeine 180, 182, 193, 214 caged ATP experiments 226, 227-230 - Ca 2+ experiments 188, 189, 227 - - method 211 ff calmodulin 14, 20, 82, 83 calsequestrin, SR 90, 91, 92 cardiac muscle, relaxation 71

, beta-adrenergic stimulation 109

cation transport, P-type 82, 93 charge coupled model 186 - movement current, nonlinear 186 chelators, caged 215-217 - , photosensitive 211 cholesterol, SR 89 cisternae, terminal 86, 87 L-citrulline, nitric oxide, release 17 contractile protein, isoforms 79 contraction see also muscle force cooperativity, Ca 2 ÷ binding and

force 234, 235 creatine kinase, SR 94 cross-bridge binding 23~ - cycles 230, 235, 236 - kinetics 226 cyclic GMP, production 28 cytokines 20

D20 , free Ca 2 + 243 dantrolene, free Ca 2 + 243, 244 - sodium, muscle relaxant 240, 243, 244 danzylaziridine 233 diazepam 77 diazo-2, photolysis 215, 216, 217 dihydropyridine receptor 79, 80, 81,

121, 123, 184, 185, 186, 192 dilatation, ascending 28 dysgenesis, muscular 80, 81, 121

E D R F , calcium, intracellular 10, 11, 14, 20

- , characteristics 6--8, 9 - , different types 22 - , flow-mediated vasodilatation 29, 30 - , G-proteins 15, 16

Subject Index 261

- guanylate cyclase 20, 21, 22 - half-life 6 - hemoglobin, interaction 7, 8, 9 - nitric oxide 6-8, 9 - platelet aggregation 33, 34 - prostacyclin interaction 35, 36 - release 46

, basal 26, 27, 28 , blood vessel diameter 28 , ionophore A23187 9

- synthesis 16-20 , Ca 2+ 14

- vasodilatation 29, 30 - see also nitric oxide embryo, muscular activity 111 endothelin 6, 36, 39-41 -, acetylcholine, vascular relaxation 3,

4 ,5 - , cell proliferation 46 - converting enzyme 42, 46 - , coronary perfusion 45 - , EDRF release 44, 46 - family 39, 40 -, interaction with endothelium 41, 42 -, messenger RNA 40 -, molecular biology 39-41 -, phosphatidylinositol system 43 -, platelets 45, 46 - , pressor response 44 - receptors 42 - , release 40 - synthesis 40, 41 - , vascular smooth muscle 42 ff endothelium, adenine nucleotides 31,

32, 33 - , calcium entry 11, 12, 13 - , cation channel, stretch 29 - , histology 2 - , vasoactive factors,

release 3, 4 endothelium-dependent contractions,

cyclooxygenase 38, 39 - - , hypoxia 36-38 - relaxation, inhibition 21 - - , temperature 30 - vasodilatation 28, 29, 30 endothelium-derived contracting

factor 4, 36, 38 - hyperpolarizing factor 23, 24, 25 - relaxing factor (EDRF) 3, 4 equilibrium binding model 234 excitation-contraction coupling 150,

152, 172 ff - - , Ca z + sensitivity 185

- - , muscle-type-specific 79-82 - - , structural basis 87

fluorescein isothiocyanate 103 fluoride ions, EDRF 15 force cycles, hysteresis 232

- extension relation 218-221 - generator model 224 - potentiation, sulmazol 240 - velocity curve 220, 221,222, 227 - , see also muscle

G-proteins, regulatory 15 gating currents 186, 187 glycoproteins, SR 91 GTPyS 15 guanylate cyclase 25 - - , E D R F 7, 8, 9, 10 - - , nitric oxide 20, 21 - - , platelet 34, 35

H ÷, force/Ca z÷ relation 231 heme, nitric oxide 21 hemoglobin 27, 28, 29, 34, 38, 42 histamine 11 hyperthermia, malignant 121 hypoxia 40 -, smooth muscle contraction 36, 37

indomethacin 38, 45 inositol trisphosphate, Ca z ÷ release

channels 191 - - , control of sarcoplasmic Ca 2 ÷ 192 - - , role in E-C coupling 191 ionic strength, force/Ca 2÷ relation 232 ionophore A23187 38, 40 isocitrate dehydrogenase 84

K ÷ channels, endothelium 13, 14 - - , stress-gated 29 - conductance, vascular smooth

muscle 22 - current, muscle tension 173 ff -, force/Ca 2÷ relation 231,232

lanthanides 99 limited proteolysis methods

105 103, 104,

mechanics, single fibres 235-237 - , skinned fibres 218 ff membrane currents, muscle force 172 ff Mg 2÷ binding 163, 165 - , isometric force and Ca 2 + 230, 231

262 Subject Index

Mg 2+ binding (Continued) - , t roponin C 233 mitochondria, Ca 2 ÷ homoestasis 84 motor unit populations 72 - - , action potential 80 muscle, cardiac, Ca z ÷ release 187, 189 - contraction, activation

system 79-82 - - , Ca z + regulation 78 - - , repetitive stimulation 113, 114 - , crustacean, Ca 2÷ changes 151,

152 if, 162 ff , , general physiology 150 , ,mechanics 152

- dystrophy, progressive 119, 120 - fatigue, repetitive stimulation 116 - - , SR and Ca 2÷ 115, 116 muscle fibres, Balanus, cannulated 190 - - , crustacean, excitation-contraction

coupling 172 tT , , intracellular Ca 2 ÷ rise 182 , , ultrastructure 178, 180, 184 , , X-ray diffraction studies 169-172

- - , single 198 ff - - , skinned 193 - - , voltage clamp control 176 - force development 206, 211,214, 224,

225 - - - Ca z ÷ buffeting 204, 206 . . . . transient 163, 164, 166 - - - cross-bridges 218 - - - DzO 243 - - - dantrolene 240, 243, 244 - - - delay 203, 204 - - - , myofibrillar 215, 218 - - - , sarcomere length 170 - - - , skinned fibre 214 - - , membrane currents 172 ff - - relation to Ca 2+ 153, 154, 159, 162,

166, 167, 168, 173, 229 - - , sinusoidal length analysis 223, 224 - - , steady-state, pCa relation 228, 230 ff - - transients 218 - phenotype, thyroid hormones 119 - relaxation 153, 155, 156, 167, 215,

229, 236, 237, 240 - - , Ca z + buffeting 201 - - , effects of potential 198, 199, 200,

201 - relaxation, exercise 114, 115 - - , fatigue 113, 114, 115 - - , load and stretch dependence 77 - - , muscle disease 119 - - , pH 201,202

- - , rate 76, 77 - - , repetitive stimulaticn 113, 114, 116 - - , sarcomere clamp 201 - - , specific differences 77-79 - - , thermodynamics 76, 79 - - , thyroid actions 117, 118 - , repetitive stimulation 113, 114, 116 - , rigor state 227, 235 - , skinned, Ca z + sensitivity 78

, , relaxation 78 - tension, see force or muscle force - transplantation 123 - types, diseases 119 - - , relaxation properties 122, 123 - - , repetitive stimulation 113 - - , thyroid actions 118 - - , training 114, 116 myofibrillar bundles 203 - - , ATPase activity 222, 225 - - , isolated 182, 185, 187, 189, 192,

206, 207, 211,212, 218, 232 - - , mechanics 218 myofibrils, Ca z ÷ binding 153, 168 - , contractility, Ca 2 + 202 ff myosin isoforms, thyroid hormones - light-chain kinase 85 - light chains 79 myotubes 111, 112

119

Na + - Ca 2 ÷ exchange, E D R F 13 - - , effect on free Ca 2+ 195-198 - - , muscle force 177, 178 - - system 177, 178 - exchanger, current size 195, 197, 198 - - , electrogenicity 195 - - , plasma membrane 83 N A D P H 19 N~-monomethyl-L-arginine 17, 18, 22,

27, 28, 38 nitr-5 188, 211,214 - photolysis 212, 213, 214 nitric oxide, contractions to hypoxia 36 - - , E D R F 6-8, 9 - - , guanylate cyclase 20, 21, 22 - - , platelet aggregation 33, 34 - - , production 16 if, 42 - - , - , pathways 18, 19 - - , receptor 21 - - synthase 20 - - , synthesis 14, 15 - - , - , inhibition 18 - - , vascular smooth muscle 20-22 - - see also E D R F norepinephrine 3, 4, 6, 45

Subject Index 263

ouabain, EDRF 22 oxoglutarat dehydrogenase 84

parvalbumin 156, 168-170 - , Ca 2 + binding 85, 86 - , chronic stimulation 116, 117 - content 85, 91 - , muscle types 85, 86 - , relaxant factor 85 - , structure 85 pCa clamp 203 if, 214, 230 peroxynitrite anion 37 pertussis toxin 15, 16 pH, changes in free Ca 2+ 193 phorbol ester 40, 41 phosphatidyl inositol system 41 - - turnover, nitric oxide 14, 15 phosphodiesterase inhibitors 34 phospholamban 109, 118 - b i n d i n g site 102, 103, 108, 110 - expression, regulation 111 - , phosphorylation 85, 110 phospholipase 15 phospholipids, Ca2 + binding 84 phosphorylasc, muscle types 92, 93 photolysis 211,212, 214, 226 - , ATP 229, 230 phthalate 193 platelet aggregation 25, 26 - - , cytosolic calcium 34, 35 - - , EDRF 33, 34 - - - r e l e a s e 31ff - disaggregation 35, 36 - guanylate cyclase, EDRF 34, 35 posttetanic potentiation 113, 114 pre-pro endothelin 41 procaine 176, 193 proctolin 151 prostacyclin, EDRF interaction 35, 36 - , platelets 25, 26 - , release 29 - , synthesis 25 prostaglandin H 2 39 purinergic receptors, endothelial pyruvate dehydrogenase 84

31, 33

radicals, free, EDRF 7 relaxation speed, different body sizes 73 relaxation see also muscle and skeletal

muscle relaxing factor 70, 71 ribosyltransferase 35 ryanodine 180, 181, 182, 185, 189, 214 - r e c e p t o r 121, 184, 185, 192

- - c o m p l e x 80, 81, 82 - - , development 112, 113 - - isoforms 123

sarafotoxin 39, 40 sarcomere length, barnacle muscle 224 - - , compliance 223, 224 - - , isometric tension 225 sarcoplasmic reticulum, ATPase

activity 178, 179 - - , crustacean muscle 180 - - , removal, force development 203 - - , thyroid actions l l7-119 - - see also SR sarcotubular system, development I 11 series-elastic component 224 serotonin 39 - , platelet-derived 31, 32, 33 shear stress 28, 29, 40 skeletal muscle, Ca 2 + signals 74-76 - - , histochemical fiber types 72, 73, 74 - - , relaxation 70~ 71, 72

, beta agonists 109 , parameters 73 , see also muscle relaxation

- - types, action potential 80 , Ca 2 + sensitivity 76, 77, 78, 79 , classification 70 , different, relaxation 72 ff , mitochondria 83, 84

skinned fibres 201,202, 203, 214, 224 - - , mechanics 218 ff skinning, chemical 202 - procedure 232 sliding filament theory 71 smooth muscle, vascular, relaxation 21,

22 sodium pump, thyroid hormones 119 spin labels 103 SR, Ca z+ ATPase, 71 - function, muscle relaxation 76, 77, 79 - , lipids 89, 90 - membranes, regulation

mechanism 109-111 - , morphology 86, 87, 88, 89 - , muscle differentiation and

development 111-113 - , - diseases 119-121

, exercise and fatigue 113-117 - , - types 86-89, 90-93, 94-101, 102 - , proteins 90-93 SR, purification 87, 88, 95

- see also Ca 2 + ATPase, SR Sr z +, muscle contraction 172

264 Subject Index

staircase phenomenon 113, 114 stiffness 224, 225 substance P 23, 24 sulmazol, contraction 240 superoxide anions 7, 38, 39

- dismutase 7, 9, 29

T-tubule, depolarisation 186 - , development 111, 112 - , membrane 191 - , - , voltage-sensitive 79 - potential 185 - system 86, 87, 180, 184 temperature, force/Ca 2 ÷ relation thrombin 11, 40, 42, 45 thromboxane A 2 31, 32 thyroid gland, muscle

functions 117-119

231

titin filaments 79 tropomyosin 235 troponin C 84, 156, 157, 162 if, 212 - , (IAANS)-labelled 169 - , Ca 2+ binding, 77, 78, 162 if, 168, 183,

215 - - release 235 - , danzylazaridine-labelled 162 ff - , depletion 232, 233 - , fluorescent, kinetics 162, 163 - , fluorescently labelled 162 ff - , isoforms 232, 233 - , sarcomere length 77

vanadate 96, 97, 99, 100, 104 vasodilatation, flow-mediated 28, 29 voltage clamp, Ca 2+ current 176, 177

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