submitted to sangria-la orphanage home govinda development

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Submitted to Sangria-La Orphanage Home Govinda Development Aid Association (SOH) (GDAA) Kathmandu Germany ………………………………………………………………………………...

Shangri-La Sustainability development Program SSDP

BASE LINE SURVEY

OF Luma and Patamara community

(DILLICHOUR & PATAMARA VDC)

OF

JUMLA DISTRICT Submitted by: Aug-.2007 Jay Shrestha Shangri-La Orphanage Home SCBIDP- Jumla

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report is an outcome of the effort made by the study team Field staffs Jumla. Iam highly indebted to all who were of heartily help extend my sincere gratitude to the Mr: Rocco Umbescheidt, Chairman of Gobinda development aid association-Germany, Mrs: Neeta Shahi Chairperson of SOH-Kath, Mr: Ashok Adhikari Vice Chairman of SOH-Ktm, Mr: Dikendra Dhakal Program Manager of SOH Ktm and Mr: Achyut Paudel Administrative Manager of SOH Ktm for giving me providing the key role to lead responsibility to carry out this baseline survey. My sincere appreciation goes to the people of Dillichour, Patamara VDCs (Luma, and Patamara) communities of Jumla district, for their kind cooperation and providing information data during the field survey. I would also like to thanks Mr.: Mahendra Hamal Program assistant of SOH/SCBIDP-Jumla for their every part of help preparation field visit, conduct orientation meeting, data collection, data analysis and final product of this baseline reports. I would also like to thanks Miss Chandra Kumari Budha Health Supervisor of SOH/SCBIDP- Jumla for her contribution to work in the field, collect data, tabulation and processing of data and final product of this base line survey reports. I would also thank Mr.; Hari Bahadur Budha Thapa Office assistant of SCBIDP/SOH – Jumla for his helps during the baseline survey and produce reports. Thank to all staffs of SOH/SCBIDP Jumla, who helped in different ways in preparing this base line reports.

"Dhanyabada" Jay Shrestha Project Manager Shangri-La Orphanage Home Shangri-La Community Based Integrated Development Project Jumla

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Nepali Terminology/Abbreviation Ghatta- Water mill Dhami- Traditional faith healer Jhakri- " " " Khola - Stream Nadi – River Hal/Ropani – Unit of land Katta/Doko/Muri- Volumetric measure Samuha- Groups Mahila - Women Balla - Cow bull Badda/Baddi- Old person (Grand father and mother) Aama - Mother DDC- District development committee VDC- Village development committee Gaun- Village Guru- Teacher Tawatiki Children NGO- Non Government Organization

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Table of Contents

Chapter page Chapter-1 1.0: Introduction 1.1: Background 1.2: Objective 1.3: Scope of work Chapter-2 2.0: Methodology 2.1: Desk study 2.2: Field Study Chapter-3 3.0 Characterizing Jumla District Using Micro Data 3.1 Population Characteristics 3.2: Development Status of Karnali at National Level 3.3 Status of Human Development Chapter-4 4.0: Study Area 4.1 Location and Accessibility 4.2: Travel route Chapter-5 5.0: Demographic an Settlement Characteristics 5.1: Population 5.1.1: Ethnic and Linguistic Composition 5.1.2 Migration 5.2: Houuse roofing 5.3: Economic Chapter 5.3.1: Main Occupation 5.3.2: Secondary Occupation 5.3.3 Land Holding Size 5.3.4 Yield of Crops 5.3.5 Wealth Situation 5.3.6 Livestock holding size 5.3.7 Local wage rate 5.3.8 Food Sufficiency 5.4 Health and Sanitation 5.4.1 Use of family planning 5.4.2: Availability of health service 5.4.3 Traditional health care 5.4.4 Use of latrine

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5.4.5: Smokeless stove 5.4.6 Percentage of immunization of Children 5.5 Use of Energy 5.6: Education 5.6.1 School education and Participation 5.6.2 Literate Population 5.6.3 Number of School teacher 5.7 Agriculture System 5.7.1 Cropping pattern 5.7.2 Exportable Produces 5.7.3 Market Channel 5.7.4 Kitchen Garden 5.7.5 Food Production 5.7.6 Fruits and Vegetables 5.8 Natural Resources 5.8.1 Forest Management System 5.8.2 Forest Nurseries 5.8.3. Forest and Forest Products 5.8.4 Major Cereal and Vegetables 5.8.5 Paster/Fodder Plants 5.8.6 Edible Plants 5.8.7 River and Stream 5.8.8 Land Slide 5.8.9 Mine/Small Khani 5.9 Social System 5.9.1 Acceptability of Outsider Person 5.10 Gender role 5.10.1 Access and control over resources 5.10.2 Division of work 5.11 Community Participation 5.11.1 User and Women Groups 5.12 Service orientated Organization 5.13 Culture and Religious Chapter-6 6.1 Summary of Finding 6.2 Conclusion and Recommendation Annex Annex-1 Annex-2 Annex-3 Annex-4

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List of Tables Table Page 2.1: No of interviewed Household. 3.1: Population Distribution by Age Group Jumla District-1998. 3.2: Ranking of Districts with respect to major Development Indicators. 4.1 Name of Service oriented organization/NGOs. 5.1 Population distribution 5.2 Ethnic of household 5.3 House roofing 5.4 Secondary Occupation 5.5 Land holding size 5.6 Yields of crops 5.7 Number of Population having Radio /Solar/Watch 5.8 Size of Livestock holding 5.9 Local wage rate 5.10 Incomes generation activities 5.11 Food Sufficiency Situation 5.12 Number of HHs having permanent family planning means. 5.13 Household having toilets 5.14 Household having Smokeless Stove 5.15 Percentage of Vaccinated Children 5.16 Number of School going Children 5.17 Literate Population 5.18 Number of School teacher 5.19 Seasonal Calendar 5.20 Household having Kitchen garden 5.20.1 Food habited 5.21 Community forest hand over 5.22 Number of fruits and Vegetables 5.23 Major Cereal and Vegetables 5.24 Paster and Fodder Plants 5.24.1 Paster land 5.25 Edible Plants 5.26 Daily routine 5.27 User and Women groups 5.28 Women groups 5.29 Development Construction 5.30 Leading figure Formats Check list Travel Route Map-A Map-B

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Summary information sheet (Baseline Study)

Luma Patamara Total Variables No % No % No %

Demography Total population Male Female Total Household

1376 725 651 211

37.77 52.6 47.31 35.52

656 337 319 116

18.00 51.37 48.62 19.52

3643 1874 1769 594

100 51.44 48.55 100

Ethnic composition of HHs. Chhetri Sherpa Dalit(Kami, Damai) Total

151 - 60 211

71.56 - 28.43 -

116 - - 116

100 - - -

498 28 68 594

83.83 4.71 11.44 -

Adult literacy (16 years , above) Male literacy Female literacy Total literacy

124 15 139

35.42 4.23 19.74

91 11 102

41.93 5.67 24.81

393 81 474

43.52 8.35 25.32

School going < 15 Children Boys Girls Total

167 74 214

45.50 25.17 32.37

87 45 132

76.31 40.90 58.92

422 236 658

45.96 30.56 40.44

HH drinking water coverage Total number of Taps

9

4.28

4

3.44

18

2.69

Sanitation Household with pit latrines

48

22.74

40

34.48

173

29.12

Smoke less stove

131

62.38

94

81.03

434

73.06

Family Planning Males Females Total

84 - 84

40.00 - 40.00

89 - 89

76.72 - 76.72

288 - 288

48.48 - 48.48

Livestock holding Buffalo Cattle Goat Sheep Horse Chicken Other

41 945 732 793 96 205 25

- 155 1039 1195 23 43 15

57 1878 2975 2921 220 449 40

HHs Secondary Occupation Small industry Wage labor Blacksmith iron work Office service Business Other Total

- 95 16 9 12 - 132

- 45.02 7.58 4.26 7.94 - 87.41

2 47 - 10 39 - 98

1.72 40.51 - 8.62 33.62 - 84.48

7 257 16 35 81 - 396

1.17 43.26 2.69 5.89 13.63 - 66.66

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Chapter-1

Introduction

1.0: Introduction 1.1: Background Shangri-La Orphanage Home is humanitarian, non profitable - making non religious, non political and non confessional. Shangri-La vision is all children can realize their full potential as a human being in a society where they find love and security of a family. It is committed to improvement in the quality of life of the underprivileged children in Nepal. Shangri-La Orphanage Home started to work in 1998 in Nepal. In the short periods of time it is expanded its program out side of Ktm. Shangri-La Orphanage Home now started Shangri-La Community Based integrated Development Program in Jumla, Karnali Zone Nepal. Karnali zone is also backward and neglected area of Nepal. The little steps taken as SCBIDP are a small attempt to give the opportunity to the development workers, stakeholder and technical apprentices to transfer their knowledge into practice and involve the needy target people in learning. The SCBIDP focus assist on to change the quality of life of Jumla people and also focus to village communities with combined efforts of rural people together with learning development worker, joiner technical exports of various field such as agriculture, livestock, health and construction. So that agreement with Karnali technical school l (KTS) to work in Jumla started on 2006. SCBIDP has surveyed all the 30 VDCs of Jumla district and has chosen two VDC Patamara and Dillichour for the program after detail research and PRA. There were the VDCs where also the KTS out reach program have been successfully implemented. Shangri-La Sustainability Development Program (SSDP) it is continues process of development work in Karnali region. This program starts in 2007 same target community (Patamara and Luma guan/community) of Patamara and Dillichour VDC of Jumla

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1.2: Objective The main goal of the study is to execute the baseline study in two communities of two VDCs of Jumla district. So that this information can be used for program planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation in future.

A. Collect primary level information on human development indicators which as related to-

• General Socio-economic condition. • Health sanitation and education status. • Community participation and organization. • Documents the status of basic development infrastructure in

two communities of two VDC. • Identify the status of women in study area. • Identify the potential and construction for the development. • Identify the agriculture status of community • Identify the education status of community.

1.3: Scope of work The present study has made an attempt to present the baseline information generally covering basic human development indicators. Besides this, the study has been focusing the assessment of the knowledge and practice health and sanitation, Status of agriculture and education and identification and prioritization of the community wise major needs of the people of the project area.

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Chapter-2

Methodology 2.0: Methodology The study is conducted at different stages using both primary and secondary level information; basically, the study was conducted at two stages. The details description is given below. 2.1: Desk Study During the periods all secondary information were collected by consulting different reports (PRA reports, SCBIDP annual reports first base line reports and other field reports and collect two year KTS out reach program reports, Structured household survey form and formats, checklist to carry out the details study were also prepared. The formats covered different aspects information on socio-economy, education, agriculture and livestock, health and sanitation, status of women, poverty and infrastructure. At the same time a separate checklist was also prepared. 2.2: Field Study The study was carried out by Shangri-la community based integrated development program (SCBIDP) field office staffs Jumla. The formats were filled out by the field staffs by visiting home and interviewing member of household. To carry out the study the following key tools were used. A-Household Survey Household survey was carried out to generated in-depth information on human development indicators. The household survey as conducted using a well structured questionnaire ware prepared during the desk study. Question was asked to all household of the study area. The questionnaire was administered with the household head and mother of house where have < 5 children in house. The numbers of household are interviewed during the study are given in Table.2.1.

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Table# 2.1: No of interviewed Household. # Community HHs interviewed

1 Luma 216HHs

2 Patamara 120HHs

Total 336HHs

Table# 2.2 No of interviewed <5 mother # Community < 5 mother interviewed

1 Luma 50 <5 mother

2 Patamara 30 <mother

Total 80 <5 mother

B. Focus groups discussion and field observation. A focus group discussion was carried out to generate in depth information about socio-economic, parameter including existing problem of the community. The discussion/survey was conducted in small groups of people such as women groups' member, farmer, school teacher, community health volunteer and community leader etc. At the SCBIDP field staffs team visit and interaction with community and collect information from the community.

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Chapter-3

CHARACTERIZING THE DISTRICT USING MICRO DATA 3.0 Characterizing Jumla District Using Micro Data 3.1 Population Characteristics Population of Jumla by age group and sex is presented in Table 3.1. Total population of Jumla in1998 was 3681 of which 51.37% percent were male and 48.62% percent were female Table: 3.1: Population Distribution by Age Group of Jumla District-1998. Age Group Population

Percentage

Male Female Total Male Female Total

0-4 Years 235 246 481 6.38 (48.85%)

6.68 (51.14%)

13.06 (100%)

5-9 Years 301 295 596 8.17 (50.50%)

8.01 (49.49%)

16.19 (100%)

10-14 Years 277 249 526 7.52 (52.66%)

6.76 (47.33%)

14.28 (100%)

Above 14 Years 1078 1000 2078 29.28 (51.87%)

27.16 (48.12%)

56.45 (100%)

Total 1891 1790 3681 100 (51.37%)

100 (48.62%)

100 (100%)

Sources: National Senses 1998 reports

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Chapter-IV

STUDY AREA

4.0 Study Area 4.1: Location and Accessibility Luma and Patamara communities are in two VDCs of Dillichour and Patamara of the Jumla district respectively. The district head quarter of khalanga situated at a distance of 4 hour 30 minutes walk from Luma guan, the farthest among the target communities. The nearest is Urthu which two hour walking from district head quarter. Urthu is central point of two communities from two VDCs. Luma guan of Dillichour VDC situated on northern part of Tila River. Patamara guan situate on North West part of Patamara stream. All communities surrounded by beautiful green hilly forest and Pastor land. Patamara VDC joined with headquarter VDC of Chandan Nath, but 3 hour walked distance and cross the pick/high hilly area. 4.2: Travel Route

1. Luma to - • Lassie – 45 minutes(south) • Urthu -2 hour 30 minutes(south) • Patamara – 4 hour 30 minutes(North/west) • Jumla bazer -4hour 30 minutes(south)

2. Patamara to- • KTS – 3 hour(south) • Jumla baje-3 hour 30 minutes(south) • Urthu – 2 hour(east) • Luma – 4 hour30 minutes(East)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Chapter-V

Socio-Economic Characteristics 5.0: Demographic an Settlement Characteristics 5.1: Population The present study shows that Population of the study area is 2087 and total household no is 336.The total Population household of Dillichour VDC area of Luma guan is 1393 and 216 respectively. The total population of female 673(48.31% and male 720(51.68%)).The total population of Patamara VDC Patamara guan is 694 and population of female is 328(47.26%) and male is 366(52.73%) respectively. The total number of household of Patamara is 120 respectively. The average household size in this area is found to be 6.21.The average Population of the target community in 1132(54.24%) in which economically active population (age groups 16-60 Years) is found to be 570(50.35%) male and 562(49.64%) female respectively. Table: 5.1 Population by age groups

1. Population and age groups/Ethnicity of HHs- (0-5) children

6-10 Children

11-15 Children

16-30 year

31- 60 Year

61 -above Sub total HH # Community Total Population

M F

M F M F M F M F M F M F

216 Luma

1393 133 133 94 90 115 82 195 203 169 156 14 9 720 673

(%) Percentage

18%

20%

13%

13%

16 %

12%

27%

30 %

23 %

23%

2 %

1 %

52 %

48 %

120 Patamara

694 49 42 43 45 59 48 119 107 87 76 9 10 366 328

(%) Percentage

7 %

6 %

6 %

6 %

9 %

7 %

17%

15 %

13 %

11%

1 %

1 %

53 %

47 %

336 Total

2087 182 175 137 135 174 130 314 310 256 252 23 19 1086 1001

Grand total (%) Percentage

9 %

8 %

7 %

6 %

8 %

6 %

15%

15 %

12 %

11%

1 %

1 %

52 %

48 %

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5.3 Economic Characteristics 5.3.1. Main Occupation The present study reveals that agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitant of the study area. 5.3.2 Secondary Occupation Apart from agriculture Occupation majority were found as labor work in all study area. Besides the occupation people are involved in business like small tea shop, consumer shop, small hotel, animal buy and sell and selling of carpets also involved in collection of herbal medicine in the respective field. The average number of household including small business (Kami aarana) iron work 5.75. A high number of irons work in Luma guan and few number of small industries in Patamara guan were found. Apart from the above mentioned occupation Dhami/Jhakri traditional herbal, faith healer) were also found in the study area. Table 5.4 shows the household having secondary occupation other then agriculture. Table: 5.2 Secondary Occupation other then agriculture Community Secondary Occupation

Small

industry Office /Service

Business Wage rate Other Total

Luma 16 (7+9) 5

12 95 -

128

Patamara 2 10

39 47 - 98

Total 18 15

51 142 - 226

% of total 7.96 6.63

22.56 62.83 - 100

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Land Holding Size and Yield of Crops Al most all household in the study area depend on agricultural. Agriculture land of all four communities can be divided into khet (irrigated land, Suitable for paddy cultivation) and Pakho Bari (Upland or not irrigated land).Majority of household (41.36) has less then 05 hala goru land. The highest size of the land holding is found in Luma guan in which 12(5.55%) household have more then 15 hala goru land and lowest also in Luma 99(45.83%) and Patamara 40(33.33%) household have less then 5 hala goru land. The present study reports show that the yield of crops is higher in Luma guan among the study area and lower in Patamara VDC. Among the study area crops paddy is produced in only Luma guan. In Patamara there is only Wheat and Barley and Potato produced. Yields of crops, of the community depend on the climate condition. It is reported that all economic parameters have correlation with Yield crops. So it plays the vital role in household economy. Table 5.6 shows Yield of crops. Table: 5.3 Land holding size (Hala goru)/Yield of Crops - (In Muri)

HHs HH by Holding size in Ropani Yield of Crops in Muri

<5 Ropani

5-10 Ropani

10-15 Ropani

>15 Ropani

Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Barley Potato Bean Uwa/Chino/ Phapar

Other

Luma - 216

99 73 32 12 278 276 405 345 221 690 253 206

(%) Percentage

45.83 33.79 14.81 5.55

P.mara -120

40 73 7 - - 372 59 - 891 4745 174 -

(%) Percentage

33.33 60.83 5.83 -

Total - 336

139 146 39 12 278 648 464 345 112 5435 427 206

Total (%)

41.36 43.45 11.60 3.57

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5.3.5 Wealth Situation To assess the wealth of household information on the ownership of various materials like radio, solar, watch etc were collected. It was observed that most of the household owned radio, solar and watches. Rate of TV owning is a few (2, 3) only found in Luma and Patamara founding survey data. The rate of radio owning in, Luma, Patamara is, 143, 43 respectively. In Luma guan percentage of owning radio, solar and watches are higher then Patamara and now every house electricity in Patamara guan. And some have television. At the same 3 CDMA telephones have in Luma guan. Table 5.4 Percentage of HHs having radio, solar and watch. Community Radio Solar Watch

Luma 143 84

128

Patamara 43 37 72

Total 186 121 200

% of total 55.35 36.01 59.52

5.3.6 Livestock holding Almost all the household in the study area have indulged in cattle raising practice which is play a vital role in the household economy. Household have demonstrated cattle buffalo cows, goat, sheep, horses poultry of calves, maturing the field, dunk for clearing house and milk. In Patamara there is only 3 buffalo. But goat and sheep are higher then other community. The average size of the live stock holding per household is 0.81 heads of buffalo, 16.00 heads of cows, 40.41 heads of goat, 34.85 heads of sheep, 3.74 heads of horse,13.78 heads of poultry and 1.05 heads of other.

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Table 5.5 Size of the livestock holding.

4 Size of livestock holding situation: HH#

Size of Livestock Holding / HH Size of Poultry holding /HHs

Buffalo Cow Goat Sheep Horse Others Chicken Duck Pigeon Kalij/ Chakhura

Other

216 - Luma

39 619 323 496 108 12 299 8 37 6 -

120 - Pmara

3 201 1462 1058 84 12 335 - 21 - -

336 - Total

42 820 1785 1554 192 24 634 8 58 6 -

% Percentage

0.81 16.00 40.41 34.85 3.74 1.05 13.78

5.3.8 Food sufficiency Situation The study team has also made as attempt to analyze the food sufficiency of the household from their own agriculture production. The study team revealed that about 12.5 household have food sufficiency for less then 3 month followed by 81.66 household which have 3-6 month, 3.33 household have 10-12 month and no body household (0.00) household having no e food for the whole year. The distribution of the household having food sufficiency for less then three month is 15.27 in Luma guan then 12.5 in Patamara . At the same Luma 29.16 household having food sufficiency for3-6 month and 81.66 in Patamara. In Patamara there is 2.5 household having sufficiency food for 6-9 month and at the same 38.88 household in Luma guan. In Luma sufficiency food for 10-12 month in Luma is 16.66 and 3.33 in Patamara. In the present survey no any household having sufficiency food for a whole year in two communities.

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Table 5.6 Food Sufficiency Situation 7. Food Sufficiency Situation HHs HHs by Sufficiency status < 3months 3-6

months 6-9 months

10-12 months

Whole year

Total

216 - Luma 33 63 84 36 - 216 (%) 15.27

29.16 38.88 16.66 0.00 100%

120 - Pmara 15 98 3 4 - 120 (%) 12.5

81.66 2.5 3.33 0.00 100%

336 - Total 48 161 87 40 - 336 (%) 14.28

47.91 25.89 11.90 0.00 100%

.6 Education 6.1 School education and participation The age < 15 years of male /female constitute about 44.70% of the total population. The study shows that only about 69.17 of children age <15 years go to school. Although the population of age between 6-15 years is 576(27.59 %) the school going children of this age groups is 493(23.62%) going school and about 3.97 are not going in school.. The study also shows that a huge number of school going children are out of school. 6.2 Literate Population Although the percentages of people of age 16-60 years are constitute about 54.24% of the total population. In total literate population of these age groups is about 33.83%. How ever the average literacy rate of male 26.76 which as drastically differs from that of female 0.70%. It has been repeated that highest illiteracy is found in Kami/BK, Dalits communities and followed by other Chhetri. The rate of literate population is very low in two communities. It is found that lack of school facilities, specific socio-economic pattern, geographical condition and poverty of the population literacy rate is low in survey areas

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Table: 6.1 School going and participants School going and Participation:

(A) # of School going children (B)Literate Population (Read/Write)

(A+B) =Literate rate

Literate rate (%) in total population.

< 15 Year >16 Year Total Total

Grand Total Grand Total

HH#

M F M F M F M

F Total M F Total M F Total

Luma 216

204 108 8 3 212 111 177

10 187 389 221 510 27.92 15.14 100%

P.mara120

104 77 17 3 121 80 126

70 196 247 150 397 35.59 21.61 100%

Total 336

308 185 25 6 333 191 303

80 383 636 271 907 30.47 12.98 100%

%

6.3 Number of School /Teacher The study team has also made an attempt to identify the number of school established and number of teacher working in school of the study area. It is reported that all together 2 primary school are in two community. 6.2 Number: of School and teachers

No of Schools Total No of Teachers Total

Community

Primary Lower Secondary

Secondary Primary

M F

Lower Secondary M F

Secondary

M F

Male Female

Luma 1 - - 1 4------1 - - - - 2 2

Patamara 1 - - 1 4------1 - - - - 2 1

Total 2 2 8------2 --------- ------ 8 2

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7 Agriculture system 7.1 Cropping pattern/cropping system As already mentioned previous chapter almost all household heaving depends on the agriculture. The main crops are wheat, Barley, Potato, Maize, Millet, and Rice. Besides these Phapar, Chino, Bhattamas, musuro, kerau, Uwa are also grown in study areas. Potato, green vegetables, fruits are considered cash crops. A detail of cropping system/cropping pattern is shows in this seasonal calendar. Table 7.1- Seasonal calendar (A)

Month

Crops Area

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Luma

Rice Patamara

Luma

Maize Patamara

Luma

Millet Patamara

Luma

Wheat Patamara

Luma

Barley Patamara

Luma

Beans Patamara

Luma

Potato Patamara

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(B) Month Crops Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Luma ®

Incomes from cash crops

Patamara ® Luma ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥

Festival

Patamara ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ Luma Æ Æ

Fuel–wood storage

Patamara Æ Æ

Luma æ æ æ æ

Fuel-wood deficit

Patamara æ æ

Luma $ $

Fodder collection

Patamara $ $

Luma © © © ©

Diseases

Patamara © © ©

Luma £ £ £ £

Business

Patamara £

Crops Preparation ( ) Crops Harvesting ( ) Incomes /Cash Crops (®) fodder Collection – ($) Festival (¥ ) Diseases - (©) Wood Storage/Deficit (Æ) - (æ) Business - (£)

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1. Agriculture production: Fruits -in Doko) The base line survey show sand field observation it is reported that common fruits available in the area apple, Aaru, okher, aarubakhara, Naspati and aiseluare also found. Some fruits are occasionally found in community that number of household have fruits in their respective garden. In Luma guan 823 apple plants are there and at the same 411 apple plants in Patamara guan. Fruits apple production is higher in Luma around 299 kg then 15 kg in Patamara. It is show that these two communities are potential for fruits production. Table 7.2 -Agriculture production: Fruits -in Doko)

HHs HH by Holding size fruits in Pec Fryits production in KG/Pec

Apple Okhar Aaru Aarubakhda

Naspati Graps Apple Okhar Aaru Aarubakhda

Naspati Graps

Luma-216

823 91 56 - 2 3 299 29 11 5 5 -

P-mara-120

411 120 40 3 - - 15 20 18 19 - -

Total - 336

1234 211 96 3 2 3 314 49 29 24 5

3. Agriculture production: Vegetables (in kg) All most all household in the study area are having vegetables production in their land. Common vegetables encountered are Kauli flower, pamkin, raya/bhaje etc. The high production is Kauli flower 2592 kg in two communities. At the same Pumpkin 2154kg , Radish 643kg and Banda Kobe 458kg in two communities. Table-7.3 Agriculture production: Vegetables (in kg)

HHs

Community Karela Kauli Flower

Onion Pumpkin Radish Rayo Bhenta Banda Ganger

216

Luma 82 1451 252 975 299 159 - 95 39

120

P.mara 103 1141 375 1179 344 105 12 363 26

336

Total 185 2592 627 2154 643 264 12 458 65

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4. Type of Cultivation A. Local seeds From the field observation and base line survey information it is show that Patamara and Luma guan there is common type of cultivation and used of local seed in the two communities. In Patamara there is no land of rice but there is cultivation of rice in Luma guan Table 7.4: Local seeds

# Name of local seeds Remarks Patamara Luma

1 Corn Corn 2 Wheat Wheat 3 Millet Millet 4 Barley Barley 5 Beans Bean 6 kerau Kerau 7 Walnut Walnut 8 Apple Apple 9 Pumpkin Pumpkin 10 Quember Quember 11 Bhattamas Bhattamas 12 Phapar Phapar 13 Venta Venta 14 Potato Potato 15 Ganger Ginger

B. Hybrid seeds In our observation and sharing with communities people in Patamara and Luma guan there is some vegetables and crops are used hybrid seeds in their land. Especially vegetables they have used hybrid seed and some crops are used hybrid seeds,

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Table 7.5 : Hybrid seeds


1 Cauliflower Cauliflower 2 Rayo Rayo 3 Tori Tori 4 Tomato Tomato 5 Gagger Gagger 6 Mula Mula 7 Wheat Wheat 6. Type of Animal reared A. Local /indigenous In our field observation and interaction with communities they have continued used local / indigenous animal in two communities. Mainly Cow, Ox, Buffolo, sheep, Goat and Horse are in two communities. Table 7.6 : Local /indigenous # Name of local /indigenous Remarks Patamara Luma

Cow Cow Ox Ox Buffalo Buffalo Sheep Sheep Goat Goat Horse Horse

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B. Cross/Improved In the sharing with communities and collect information they have starts cross and improved verities of animal in two communities. In Patamara and Luma guan starts cross/improved Cow and Khaddar are two places. Table 7.7 : Cross/Improved # Name of Cross/Improved Remarks Patamara Luma

Improved cow Improved cow Khaddar Khaddar 9. a. Cases of food dependency: In two communities Patamara and Luma guan there is common different cases of food deficiency. In two community low economic condition, no irrigation land and depend on traditional farm system. Table 7.8 : Cases of food dependency:

# List of Cases of food dependency Patamara Luma 1 Low economical condition Low economical condition 2 No sufficient agriculture production land High population 3 There is no job holders There is no job holders 4 Most people are engage in animal husbandry 5 Most people are not educated Most people are not educate 6 Depend on only Potato and Barley Low irrigation land 7 Traditional farm system Traditional farm system

27

9. B Availability of manure: In two communities common availability of manure like compost manure green manure and chemical manure are community Table7.9 : Availability of manure: # Local/Compost/Farmyard Remarks Patamara Luma Compost manure Compost manure Green manure Green manure Chemical manure Chemical manure 9. C. Access to JT/JTA In Patamara there is only one JTA and three in Luma guan .Government agriculture sub centre is in Urthu Chautara of Patamara VDC and Dillichour of Dillichour VDC. But there are not regular agriculture staffs in agriculture sub centre. Table 7.10 : Access to JT/JTA # Name JT/JTA/ Regularity/Station Remarks Patamara Luma Mun Bahadur Thapa Ram Bdr Budha Laxman Budha Dhan Prasad Adhikari 9. D Access to Pesticides/insecticides In two communities common used of pesticides and insecticides in the faming. In communities the Use of vaccine, Medicine for animal treatment and TitoKatuko/ Bhojo and Dayal's oil local production for plant treatment use in field.

28

Table 7.11 : Access to Pesticides/insecticides # List of Pesticides/insecticides Remarks Patamara Luma

Vaccine Vaccine Medicine Medicine Tito Katuko / Bhojo Tito Katuko / Bhojo Dhayar oil Dhayar oil 9. E. Access to Modern agriculture tools and equipment: In two communities not used any modern agriculture tools and equipment are not use in the field. Only traditional tools and equipment (Bauso, Kuto, Hasiya, Halo, and Pharuwa) are used in the communities. Table 7.12 : Access to Modern agriculture tools and equipment:

# List of Modern agriculture tools and equipment: Remarks Patamara Luma

Bauso Bauso Kuto Kuto Hasiya Hasiya Halo Halo Faruwa Faruwa Joo Joo Mudo Mudo 10. A. Agriculture Practice: In two community agriculture practice is still traditional way in the field. Every people practice traditional crops pattern as Corn, Wheat, Barley, Potato, Cauliflower, Tomato and green leafs. Now starts kitchen gardening scientific in two communities like Banda, Apple, Tomato, Ginger, Kauliflower and Radish in the field. In two communities same as agriculture practice in the field.

29

Table 7.13: Agriculture Practice: Community Traditional Scientific Patamara Corn Banda Wheat Apple Barley Tomato Potato Ganger Cauliflower Cauliflower Tomato Mula Community Traditional Scientific Luma Corn Banda Wheat Apple Barley Tomato Potato Ganger Cauliflower Cauliflower Tomato Mula 10. B. Access to Irrigation: Especially in Patamara there is not irrigation land only product Barley and Potato and Beans. But in Luma there is irrigation land and they produce rice and there is access irrigation in Luma community. In Luma there are 4 smalls irrigation some are function and some are not functional well. Table 7.14: Access to Irrigation: # List of Irrigation and it condition Remarks Patamara Luma

1 No irrigation Bhot kulo (not well) 2 Bhagya kulo well 3 Oprya ghat kulo not well 4 Lumajiulo kulo well

30

10. C Name livestock disease: In two communities same type of/common live stock diseases are found in the field. In the communities Khoret, Bhagyagutto, Chayar chayarya, luto, laimutne are found. Table 7.15 : Name livestock disease: # Name list of disease Remarks Patamara Luma

khurat khurat Bhagyagutto Bhagyagutto Chayar chayarya Chayar chayarya , laimutne laimutne luto luto jaul 10. D Access to Veterinary Service: In Patamara there no any access of Vet nary service in the field .They are depend on district veterinary office in Jumla.They get proper treatment in time their livestock. At the same in Luma there some facilities in Luma areas like Veterinary sub health post near in Luma, Medicines shop.avabily in Dillichour near 30 minutes from Luma guan. Table7.16 : Access to Veterinary Service: # Veterinary Service and treatment

Remarks

Patamara Luma District vetnary office Vet nary sub health post

Dillichour

Medicines. Vacation to the animals

31

10. E. Presence of government agriculture resource person: In Patamara there is no any government agriculture resource person presence in Patamara guan. It depends on district agriculture office in Jumla.Some time recourse person stay in Urthu guan but it is far from Patamara guan the district agriculture office Jumla so the all the time people of Patamara depend in Jumla district office. At the same in Luma there is agriculture sub centre in Dillichour and there is government resource person are presence but not regular presence in the field. Table 7.17 : Presence of government agriculture resource person: # List of Presence of government agriculture resource centers/ person

Patamara Luma

Agriculture sub centre, Dillichour • Singh Bohora

• Dhan Prasad Adhikari

11. Major Cereal Crops In Patamara major Cereal Crops are Barley and Potato and side by side , Wheat, Beans and other crops are in there in Patamara .Rice , miller are not produce in Patamara. At the same in Luma there is Rice, Maize. Millet, Beans are main cereal crops in Luma. In two communities's are produce common vegetables and fruits in their farm. In vegetables Potato, Kauli flower, Onion, Radish, Pamking, and Greenleaf and in fruits Apple Aarubakhda, Aaru are common in two communities Luma and Patamara.

32

Table 7.18 : Major Cereal Crops

#

Crops Luma Patamara

A

Cereals

1 Rice = 2 Millet = 3 Maize = = 4 Wheat = = 5 Barley = = 6 Beans = = 7 Phapar = = 8 Chino = = 9 Uwa = = B

Vegetables = =

1 Potato = = 2 Karelo = = 3 Caulifliower = = 4 Onian = = 5 Garlic = = 6 Pumpkin = = 7 Radish = = 8 Rayo = = 9 Venta = = 10 Lauka = = 11 Banda kobi = = 12 Tamato = = 13 = = C

Fruits = =

1 Apple = = 2 Aaru = = 3 Naspati = = 4 Greps = = 5 Walnut = = 6 Kaphal = = 7 Galkaundi = = 8 Maleu = = 9 Aare = =

33

8.Health System 8.1. < 5 child / mother information In total 161 respondents mother from Luma guan 266 < 5 children (boys 133 and girls are also 133) are in village. At the same in Patamara 64 mother respondents total 91 <children (boys 49 and girls are 42) in Patamara. In two communities total mother respondents are 225 and total < 5 children are 357(182 boys and 175 girls). It is show that high numbers of child are growing up in two communities. Table 8.1: < 5 child / mother information

Total < 5 year Children

HHs # Community Total Mother

M F

Total

216 Luma

161 133 50%

133 50%

266

120 Patamara

64 49 54%

42 46%

91

336 225 182 50.98%

175 49.01%

357

8.2. Maternal mortality rate (MMR) Total 80 mother respondents from (Luma 50 and Patamara 30) no any Childs are died in during one year periods in two communities. Table 8.2: Maternal mortality rate (MMR) 1 Question Community Total

respondent Yes (%) No (%)

During one year periods any child's mother died?

Patamara 30 0 0 30 100%

Luma

50 0 0 50 100%

Total

80 0 0 80 100%

34

2. Question Community Total

respondent ANC INC PNC Others

If yes what condition she died Patamara 30 0 0 0 0 Luma 50 0 0 0 0 Total 80 0 0 0 0

3 Question Community Total

respondent ANC INC PNC Others

Patamara 30 0 0 0 0

Luma

50 0 0 0 0

If yes what condition she died • Before child born-- • After bleeding • Convulsions/Sock • Severe abdominal pain-- • Child death---- • Disease---- • Others-----

Total

80 0 0 0 0

8.3. Infant mortality rate (IMR) Total 80 respondents' mother from two communities Luma and Patamara total 33 Childs birth in during one year periods. In Patamara 12 Childs birth and 21 from Luma Childs birth in during one year periods. During one year periods 2 Childs died from Luma guan. One Childs died during 8 days to one month periods and , one Childs died under six month periods , it is show that under one year periods 4% Childs are died. Table 8.3: Infant mortality rate (IMR) 1 Question Community Total

respondent Yes % No %

Patamara 30 12 40% 18 60 Luma 50 21 42% 29 58

During one year periods any child birth in your house? Total 80 33 41.25% 47 58.75



Patamara 30 0 0% 30 100 Luma 50 2 4% 48 96%

During one year periods newborn child died or not?

Tota 80 2 4% 78 96%

35


respondent 8 days-months

<6 months

7 days 1 years

Patamara 30 0 0%

0 0%

0 0%

0 05

Luma

50 1 2%

1 2%

0 0%

0 0%

If yes how old are it? • < 7 days--- • 8 days-1 month--- • < 6month---- • 1 year-------

Total

80 (100%)

1 (1.25%)

1 (1.25%)

0 0%

0 0%

4. Child mortality rate In two communities five year age Childs one from Patamara and two from Luma in total 3 (3.75%) Childs are died during five years periods. In Patamara (1 3.33%) Childs died less than 2 year and 2 (4%) Childs died under 1 year. All the Childs died from ARI, diarria and Pneumonia. Diseases. Table 4.1 : Child mortality rate Question Community Total


Patamara 30 1 3.33% 29 96.66% Luma 50 2 4% 48 96%

During five year periods any child died in your house? Total 80 3 3.75% 77 96.25%


respondent <1 year

<2 year

<3 year

>4 year

Patamara 30 0 1(3.33%) 0 0 Luma 50 2(4%) 0 0 0

If yes how old are it?

Total 80(100%) 2(2.5%) 1.25% 0 0

3 Question Community respondent ARI Diar… Pneu. TB Mea. Others

Patamara 30 0 0 1 0 0 0

Luma

50 1 2 1 - - 2

What is the cause of child death?

• ARI----- • Diarrhea • Pneumonia • Com. cold • TB------ • Measles • Other • (Multiple

answer)

Total

80(100%) 1(1.25%)

2(2.5%) 2(2.5%) -

- 2(2.5%)

36

Section-1: Antennal Care All information presented in this section relates to the mothers knowledge and practices regarding safe motherhood practices during their last pregnancy as collected in the baseline study. All questions were asked to all the respondents about the symptoms that they knew of during pregency indicating the need to seek immediate health care. The results are presented in table. In total 80 respondents 15(18.75%) are should seek immediate health care if she develops fever 9(11.25%), dizziness 8(10%), severe abdominal pain and 60(75%) say don't know about immediate health care. So it is reported that they do not have knowledge of symptoms during pregnancy that indicate the need to seek immediate health care. Total 80 respondents 47(58.75%) told that see anyone for antenatal care while pregnant. and 33(41.25%) not see any one for antenatal care while pregency. In total during 0-2 month 1(1.25%) and 3-5 month 19(23.75%) the first antenatal check up. During the pregency periods health check up from the hospital 13(16.25%), Health post 2(2.05%) and SCH 34(42.5%) and at home 1(1.5%) health check up during the pregnancy periods. In total 44(55%) pregnancy women health check up from the MCHW and 13(16%) check from ANM. In total 80 mother respondents 26(32.5%) say during the pregnant periods take albindazole and 54(67.5%) say no tale albendazole durinthe pregnant periods. Total 80 respondents 63(78.5%) say take iron tablets during the pregnant periods and 17(21.25%) say not take iron tablets during the pregnant periods.

37

Table-8 (1-15): Antenatal care 1

Community Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Patamara 30 1 2 2 4 3 0 5 4 0 1 1 21 1

Luma

50 0 0 0 5 3 0 10 4 0 0 0 39 2

Total

80(100%) 1 2 2 9 6 0 15 8 0 1 1 60 3

Question What are the symptoms during pregnancy indicating the need to seek immediate health care? 1Convulsions 2Pale eye lids 3Virginal bleeding 4Head ache 5Severe abdominal pain 6Shortness of breath 7Fever 8Dizziness 9Excessive vomiting 10Swelling of hands / feed 11Leaking 12Don't know 13other

(Multiple question) Total Percentage



Patamara 30 15 50% 15 50%

Luma 50 32 64% 18 36%

Did you see anyone for antenatal care while you were pregnant with -Name?

Total 80 47 58.75% 33 41.25%

3 Question Community Total ANC

Mothers 0-2 months

3-5 months

6 month and over -

Patamara 30 0 0%

10 33.33%

12 40%

Luma

50 1 2%

9 18%

5 10%

At how many months of pregnancy did you have the first antenatal check up?

Total

80(100%) 1(1.25%) 19(23.75%) 17(21.25%)


Mothers 1 Time 2 Time 3Time 4Time Above

7Time Total

Patamara 30 1 6 6 0 2 15

Luma

50 5 12 7 5 3 32

How many times did you receive antenatal care when you were pregnant with -Name? Total

80 6

7.5% 18 22.5%

13 16.25%

5 6.25%

28 35%

47 58.75%

38


Mother Hospital PHC HP SHP Clinic At

Home Other Total

Patamara 30 13

0

0 2 0 1 1 17….

Luma

50 0 0 2 32 0 0 1 35

Where did you have antenatal care for -Name? Total

80 (100%)

13 16.25%

0 0%

2 2.5%

34 42.5%

0 0%

1 1.5%

2 2.5%

52 65%

6 Community Total

respondent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total %

Patamara 30 1

1 0 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 80 %

Luma

50 0

0 0 2 33 0 0 0 0 3 1 39 78%

Total

80(100%) 1

1 0 13 44 0 0 0 0 3 1 73 78.75%

Question Whom did you see for antenatal care with -Name? 1 Doctor 2 Nurse 3 HA/CMA 4 ANM 5 MCHW 6 Trained 7 TBA 8 Un -

TBA/FCHVVH 9Relatives/Friends/Neighbors

10 Don't know 11 others (specify


mother No ANC Card

Only ANC Check - up

% No ANC Check - up

%

Patamara 30 0 15 50% 15 50%

Luma 50 0 35 70% 15 30% Do you have antenatal card for your pregnancy with -Name?

Total

80 0 50 62.5% 30

37.5%

8. No receive ANC Card but take the TT Vaccine. Question Community Total

mother 1 Time 2Time No Take

TT Vaccine Patamara

30 1(3.33%) 23(76.66%) 20(66.66%)

Luma 50 3(6%) 27(54%) 6(12%)

Look at the antenatal card and records the dates of each TT injection listed on the card during last pregnancy

Total 80 4(5%) 50(62.5%) 26(32.5%)

39

9. Question Community

Total mother

0 Time 1 Time

2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 5 or more

Patamara

30 11 (36.66)

0 8 (26.66%)

11 (36.66%)

0 0%

0 0%

Luma

50 7 14%

10 20%

26 52%

7 14%

0 0%

0 0%

Did you have an injection in the arm any time during your lifetime to prevent you and your baby from getting tetanus? If so, how many?

Total

80 18 22.5%

10 12.5%

34 42.5%

18 22.5%

0 0%

0 0%



Patamara 30 29 96.66% 1 3.33%

Luma 50 40 80% 10 20%

Do you know about albendazole

Total 80

69 86.25% 11 13.75%



Patamara 30 9 30% 21 70%

Luma 50 17 34% 33 66%

During the pregnant periods do you have take albindazole Total 80

26 32.5% 54 67.5%


respondent 1 Time 2 Time Don't

know Patamara 30 9(30% o 21(70%

Luma

50 17(34% o 33(66% During the pregnant periods how much time did you have tale albindazole?

Total

80 26(32.5% o 51(63.75%



Patamara 30 29 96.66% 1

3.33%

Luma

50 44

88% 6 12%

Do you know about Iron.

Total

80 73 91.25% 7 8.75%

40



Patamara

30 24 80% 6 20%

Luma

50 39 78% 11 22%

Do you have take iron tablets

Total

80 63 78.75% 17 21.25%


mother 15 Day

1 Month

Other Don't know

Postnatal period

Total %

Patamara 30 0 3 20 1 1 25 83.33%

Luma 50 4 7 23 9 9 42 84%

During the pregnant periods to after delivery how long you have take iron tablets.

Total

80

4 (5%)

10 (12.5%)

33 (41.25%)

10 (12.5%)

10 (12.5%)

77 (96.25%)

96.25%

Section-2 Delivery During the delivery periods relatives and neighbors/ friends 60(75%) and 6(7%) TBA, 5(6%0 MCHW assisted with the delivery periods 75% mother born their child at home and 1.25% health centre and rest of them other place born their child. Only 11(13.75 %) use safe delivery kits during the delivery periods. In total 34 (23.42.5%) don't, know and 32(40%) Labor longer then 12 hours The symptoms during delivery indicating the need to seek immediate health care. 74(92.5%) mother breastfeeding their children. it is show that breastfeeding knowledge higher in mother.

41

In total 80 respondents 18(22.5%) told that they emergency fund in community and 57(73.75%) no have emergency fund and 3(3.75%) say don't know about emergency fund. Only 2(2.5%) respondents used of emergency fund in community and rest of them 78(97%) respondents they don't have used emergency in their community Table -8:((16-22)-Delivery 16.

Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total %

Patamara 30

1 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 20 0 3 30

Luma

50

0 0 0 1 5 1 1 0 40 0 2 50

Total

80(100%) 1 1 0 1 5 1 6 0 60 0 5 80

Who assisted with the delivery with (Name) 1. Doctor -------- 2. Nurse -------- 3. HA/CMA ---- 4. ANM --------- 5. MCHW ------ 6. Trained ----- 7. TBA ---------- 8 Untrainined TBA/FCHVVHW

9.Relatives/Friends/Neighbors 10 Don't know --11.Others (specify) -

1.25%

1.25%

1.25%

6.25%

1.25%

7.5%

75%

6.25%


Mothers Hospital PHC Other health

person

Home Others

Patamara

30 0 0%

0 0%

0 0%

29 (96.66%)

1 (3.33%)

Luma

50 0 0%

0 0%

1 (2%)

46 (92%)

3 (6%)

Where was (Name) born?

Total

80 (100%)

0 0%

0 0%

1 (1.25%)

75 (93.75%)

4 (5%)

42


respondent Yes % No % Don't

know %

Patamara

30 8 26.66% 16 53.33% 6 20%

Luma

50 3 6% 34 68% 13 26%

Was a clean home delivery kit used during delivery

Total

80 11 13.75% 50 62.5% 19 23.75%

19. Community Total

respondent 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Patamara 30 0 0 0 0 9 8 5 1 15 1

Luma

50 0 3 0 5 23 7 3 3 19 0

Total

80(100%) 0 3 0 5 32 15 8 4 34 1

Question What are the symptoms during delivery indicating the need to seek immediate health care? 1 Convulsion 2 Fever 3 Chills 4 Heavy bleeding 5 Labor longer then 12 hours

6.Mal- presentation (not head first) 7.Placenta not delivered in 30

minutes 8.Premature rupture of

membrane 9.Don't know

10 Other (specify 20. Question Community Total


Patamara

30 29 96.66% 1 3.33%

Luma

50 45 90% 5 10%

Did you ever breastfeeding (Name)?

Total

80 74 92.5% 6 7.5%



know %

Patamara 30 13 43.33% 1 7 56.66% 0 0%

Luma

50 5 10% 42 84% 3 6%

Do you have emergency fund in your c community?

Total

80

18 22.5% 59 73.75% 3 3.75%

43



Patamara

30 2 6.66% 28 93.33%

Luma

50 0 0% 50 100%

Do you have used emergency fund

Total

80 2 2.5% 78 97.5%

Section 3: Newborn baby care: In total 80 respondents say 74(92.5%) don't know, 4(5%) other s and 3(3.75%) difficult of fast breathing What are the symptoms of the infant within 7 days after delivery indicating the need to seek immediate health care After the child was born 7(8.75%) get health services or advice about the baby and 73(91.25%) not get health service and advice about the baby. In total respondents say 9(11.25%) don't know and 3(3.75%) other and 2(2.5%) HA/CMA gave health services or advice at that time Table -8: (23-25) Newborn baby care: 23


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Patamara 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 28

1

Question What are the symptoms of the infant within 7 days after delivery indicating the need to seek immediate health care? 1 Poor sucking or feeding 2 Difficult or fast breathing 3 Baby very small 4 Red swollen eyes with discharge 5 Redness and discharge around the cord 6 Skin lesions or blisters 7 Yellow skin / eye color(Jaundice)

Luma

50 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 46

3

44

Total

80(100%)

3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 74

4color(Jaundice) 8 Skin color is plum/soles blue 9 Baby is very cold/shivering 10 Hypothermia 11 Convulsions 12 Rigidity 13 Frequently watery stools or stool with bloods or mucus 14 Failure to pass urine 15 Don't know 16 Others (specify)

24.

Question


Yes % No %

Patamara

30 1 3.33% 29 96.66%

Luma

50

6 12% 44 88%

After the child was born, did you get health services or advice about the baby?

Total

80

7 8.75% 73 91.25%

25. Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total %

Patamara 30 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Luma

50 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 3 16

Question Who gave health services or advice at that time? 1 Doctor 2 Nurse 3 HA/CMA 4 ANM 5 MCHW 6 Trained 7 TBA 8 Un - TBA/FCHVVH 9 Relatives/Friends/Neighbors 10 Don't know 11 others (specify

Total

80(100%) 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 3 17

45

Section 4: Family Planning In total 80 respondents say 21(26.25%) Depo, 12(15%) pills and 7(8.75%) Condon and 67.5%) don’t know say methods of family planning. 19(23.75% say that where one can get family planning methods and 54(67.5%) they don't know about where one can get family planning methods. Total respondents Family planning methods get from hospital13 (16.25%), SHP15 (18.75%),PHC 1(1.25%), HP4 (5%) ,4(5%) other place. 27(33.75%) say husband currently using any methods delay or avoid getting pregnant and 51(63.75%) not used any methods her husband. It is show that focus on family planning birth spacing, Knowledge as well as practice. Table -8:( 26-34): Family planning 26

Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total %

Patamara

30 7 0 11 0 4 2 5 16 0 45

Luma

50 5 0 10 0 3 0 0 38 0 56

Question What methods of family planning do you know? Please name them. 1 Pills 2 IUD/Loop 3 Depo 4 Norplant 5 Condom 6 Female sterilization 7 Male sterilization 8 Don't know 9 Other (specify

Total

80(100%) 12 0 21 0 7 2 5 54 0 101



Patamara 30 14 46.66% 9 30%

Luma

50 5 10% 45 90%

Did you know from where one can get family planning methods?

Total

80 19 23.75% 54 67.5%

46


Mothers Hospital PHC HP SHP Clinic Medical

Shop FCHV Other

H/P Other %

Patamara 30

13 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 0

Luma

50 0 1 3 4 0 0 0 0 4

From where can you get family planning methods

Total

80 (100%)

13 16.25%

1 1.25%

4 5%

15 18.75%

0 0 0 0 4 5%



know %

Patamara 30 10 33.33% 19 63.33% 1 1.25%

Luma

50 3 6% 41 82% 6 12%

Do you want another child in next two years

Total

80 13 16.25% 60 75% 7 8.75%

30.

Question Community Total respondent

Yes % No % Don't know

%

Patamara 30 2 6.66% 28 93.33% 0 0%

Luma 50 3 6% 47 94% 0 0%

Are you pregnant now?

Total

80 5 6.25% 75 93.75% 0 0%



know %

Patamara 30 12 40% 18 60% 0 0%

Luma

50 15 30% 33 66% 2 4%

Are you and your husband currently using any methods delay or avoid getting pregnant

Total

80 27 33.75% 51 63.75% 2 2.5%

47

32. Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total

%

Patamara 30 0 0 4 0 0 1 7 0 12

Luma

50 0 0 1 0 0 0 13 0 14

Question If yes- What is the main methods you and your husband are currently using?

1 Pills 2 IUD/Loop 3 Depo 4 Norplant 5 Condom 6 Female sterilization 7 Male sterilization

8 Other (specify

Total

80(100%) 0 0 5 (6.25%)

0 0 1 (1.25%)

20 (25%)

0 26 (32.5%)


Mothers Hospital PHC HP SHP Clinic Medical

Shop FCHV Other

H/P Other Total

Patamara 30 8 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 12

Luma

50 12 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 15

From where did you (or your husband)get the methods the last time

Total

80 (100%)

20 (25%)

0 0 5 (6.25%)

0 0 0 0 2 (2.5%)

27 (33.75%)

34.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total

%

Patamara 30 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 17

Luma

50 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

Question

What are the reasons why are you not using any methods?

1. Husband not at home 2 Husband don't want 3 Mother in low don't want 4 Cultural/Religious 5 Want to be pregnant 6 Side effects 7 Not easy available 8 menstruation now 9 Don't know 10 Others

Total

80(100%)

0 0 0 0 11 (13.75%)

0 0 9 (11.25%)

0 0 20 (25%)

48

Section 5: Immunization In total 80mother respondents 77(96%) child have received immunization and 3(3.75%) have not received immunization 73(91.25%) Mother say children received measles vaccine and 7(8.75%) say don't know about measles. Only 10% mother have immunization card and 61% lost their card and 27% put in their in SHP. Table -8: (35-38) - Immunization 35


Yes % No % Don't know

%

Patamara

30 30 100% 0 0% 0 0%

Luma

50 47 94% 3 6% 0 0%

Has (child name) received any immunization?

Total

80 77 96.25% 3 3.75% 0 0%

36.


Specify in month

% Don't know

%

Patamara

30 28 93.33% 2 6.66%

Luma

50 45 90% 5 10%

What age should (name of child) received measles vaccine?

Total

80

73 91.25% 7 875%


respondent Yes % Never

had one % Lost

it % Put in

SHP %

Patamara

30 6 20%

0 0% 18 60% 6 20%

Luma

50

2 4% 0 0% 31 62% 16 32%

Do you have an immunization card for (Name of child)

Total

80

8 10%

0 0% 49 61.25%

22 27.5%

49

38. A. No receive Vaccination cards but Child takes the Vaccine.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total %

Patamara 30 24 22 20 20 22 20 20 19 67

Luma

50 47 46 44 40 46 44 41 38 346

Question Look at the vaccination card and record the date of all the immunization in the space below. 1 BCG 2 Polio 1 3 Polio 2 4 Polio 3 5 DPT 1 6 DPT 2 7 DPT 3 8 Measles

Total

80(100%) 71 88.75%

68 85%

60 75%

60 75%

68 85%

64 80%

61 76.25%

57 7125%

509

Note: According to the mother above children takes vaccine.

• B. Receive Vaccination cards Record.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total %

Patamara 30 6 5 4 3 5 4 3 0 30

Luma

50 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 6

Question Look at the vaccination card and record the date of all the immunization in the space below. 1 BCG 2 Polio 1 3 Polio 2 4 Polio 3 5 DPT 1 6 DPT 2 7 DPT 3 8 Measles

Total

80(100%) 8 (10%)

7 (8.75%)

4 (5%)

3 (3.75%)

7 (8.75%)

4 (5%)

3 (3.75%)

0 (0%)

36 (45%)

Note: -

• Patamara Community receive Card Number --- 6

• Luma Community receive Card Number --- 2

50

Section 6: Growth monitoring Only 8(10%) have growth monitoring card and 39(48.75%) have not growth monitoring card and 27(33.75%) have lost their card. In total 114 children weighted 52(45.61%0 have increase their weight and 62(53.50%) children lost their weight, 62(54.38) have increase their height and 53(46.49) not grow up their height Looking of growth monitoring card of child 66(83%) have vitamin A capsules received and 14(17%) have not recorded vitamin A capsules. In total 84 < 5 children MUAC measuring the tap 37(44.04%) have green, 29((34.52%) have yellow, 18(21.42% have red In total 80 mother respondents only 8(10%) know about malnutrition and 72(90%) not know about malnutrition. Find out the malnutrition In total 6(.5% ) say regular illness and sick and 3(3.75%) say that continue runchhe and 4(5%) age wise height and weight lose of children Main causes of malnutrition 7(8.75%) say poor economic condition, 7(8.75%) lack of nutrition food during pregnant /postnatal periods,6(7.5%)say other and 2(2.5%) say pre mature baby born. Table-8 (39-45) : Growth monitoring 39


Yes % No % Lost it

% Put in SHP

%

Patamara 30 6 20% 3 10% 15 50% 6 20%

Luma

50 2 4% 36 72% 12 24% 0 0%

Does (name of child) have a growth monitoring cards?

Total

80 8 10% 39 48.75% 27 33.75% 6 7.5%

51

40. Age for Weight/ Height Question Community Total

respondent (Mother/child)

Weight increase

% Weight loss

% Height Increase

% Height loss

%

Patamara 30/43 24 56%

19 44%

28 65%

15 35%

Luma

50/71 28 39%

43 61%

33 46%

38 54%

Look at the growth monitoring card of the child and record the following information: has the child been weighted in the last three months? ( Define boys and girls)

Total

80/114 52 45.61%

62 54.38%

61 53.50%

53 46.49%


Respondent

Yes % No %

Patamara 30 28 93% 2 7%

Luma

50

38 76% 12 24%

Look at the growth monitoring card of the child and indicate the there is any records of vitamin A capsules given?

Total

80 66 83% 14 17%

42. Question Community Total respondent

(above 1 year -Under 5 children)

Green % Yellow %

Red %

Patamara 32

13 40.62% 14 43.75% 5 15.62%

Luma 52

24 46.15% 15 28.84% 13 25%

MUAC measuring tap ( < 5 year child)

Total 84

37 44,04% 29 34.52% 18 21.42%


respondent Yes

% No %

Patamara

30 3 10% 27 70%

Luma

50 5 10% 45 90%

Do you know about malnutrition

Total

80 8 10% 72 90%

52

44. Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 %

Patamara 30 3 3 2 0 1 2 0 0

Luma

50 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 8

Question How to find out malnutrition?

1 Age wise height and weight lose 2 Regular illness/Sick 3 Hand /legs are decrease 4 stomach look like bog 5 Face and body Skin closed 6 Continue Rune/Runche 7 Dehydration 8 Other (Specify)

Total

80(100%) 4 6 2 1 1 3 0 8

45. Community Total

respondent 1 2 3 4 5 6 %

Patamara 30 2 3 0 1 0 1

Luma

50 5 4 0 1 1 2

Question What is main cause of malnutrition case? 1 Poor economic 2 Lack of nutrition food during pregnant/Postnatal periods 3 Uneducated 4 Pre mature baby born 5 Mother have Danger disease 6 Other (specify)

Total

80(100%) 7 7 0 2 1 3

Section 7: Diarrhea Diseases In total 80 mother respondents 23(28.75%) say that during last two week periods has diarrhea and 57(71.25%) say that no any diarrhea during two weeks periods. During the diarrhea periods 5(6.25%) doing ORS sachet, 6(7.5%) used anti diarrhea medicines, 3 (3.75%) used sugar and salt and 9(11.25%) nothing used during diarrhea periods. During diarrhea periods advice for treatment 13(16.25%) say from health post, 4 (5%) say from hospital and other person. Important action a mother should take when a child is recovering from diarrhea 23(28.75%) say don't know,2(2.5%) say other and 1(1.25%) say give the child similar more frequently feeds and more food then usually.

53

Table -8 (46-52-: Diarrhea Diseases 46


Yes % No %

Patamara

30 6 20% 24 80%

Luma

50 17 34% 33 66%

Has (child name ) has diarrhea during the last two weeks

Total

80 23 28.75% 57 7125%

47. Community Total


Patamara 30 4 1 0 0 0 1

Luma

50 5 4 3 1 6 0

Question When (child) has diarrhea. What treatment if any do you use? 1 Nothing 2 ORS sachet 3 Sugar Salt solution 4 infusion or other fluids 5 Anti diarrhea medicines

6 Other specify

Total

80(100%) 9 5 3 1 6 1



Patamara

30 0 0% 6 20%

Luma

50 13 26% 37 74%

When (Child) had diarrhea did you seek advice or treatment for the diarrhea? Total 80 13 16.25% 42 52.75%

49. Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 %

Patamara 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Luma

50 4 13 0 0 0 4 2

Question From whom did you sick advice or treatment for the diarrhea of ( child name ) 1 Hospital---

1 Health post ---- 2 Health clinic---- 3 Relation/ friends ---- 4 CHV----- 5 Traditional healer--- 6 Others (specify)---

Total

80(100%) 4 13 0 0 0 4 2

54

50. Community

Total respondent

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 %

Patamara 30

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Luma

50

8 13 13 0 0 7 5 11

Question What sign would cause you to take advice or treatment for (child name) diarrhea? 1 Doesn't know 2 Vomiting 3 Fever 4 Dry mouth, eye, Decreased urine out put 5 Diarrhea prolonged duration (at least 14 days)- 6 Blood in stool 7 Weakness

8 Other (specify)

Total

80(100%)

8 13 13 0 0 7 5 11

51. Community Total

respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 %

Patamara

30

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Luma

50

13

13 1 1 0 0 1

Question What are important actions you should take if (Child name) has diarrhea? 1 Doesn't know 2 Take the child health post 3 Give the children more to drink than usual 4 Give the children smaller frequently feeds 5 With put fluids 6 With put foods

7 Others

Total

80(100%)

13

13 1 1 0 0 1

55

52. Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 %

Patamara

30

0 0 0 0 0

Luma

50

23

1 1 0 2

Question What are the important actions a mother should take when a child is recovering from diarrhea? 1 Doesn't know 2 Give the child similar more frequently feeds- 3 More food than usually 4 Give food high caloric content-- 5 Other (specify)

Total

80(100%) 23

1 1 0 2

53. Section 8: Equate repertory track infection (ARI) Total 80 mother respondents 20(25%) know about ARI and 60(75%) not about ARI .It is so that awareness and knowledge to be increased. During the ARI see the symptoms 21(26.25%) say cough and 19(23.75%) say high fever and 3(3.75%) say difficult to breast feeding. 19(23.75%) say take the child to the health post, 5(6.25%) don't know, 2(2.5%) keep warm say important actions should take if child has ARI Table-8 :( 53-55) - Equate repertory track infection (ARI) 53.


Yes % No %

Patamara 30

14 46.66% 16 53.33%

Luma

50

6 12% 44 38%

Do you know about ARI

Total

80

20 25% 60 75%

56

54. Community

Total respondent

1

2 3 4 5 6 7

Patamara 30 13 13 1 2 1 3 0

Luma

50 8 6 0 0 1 0 0

Question What type of symptoms did you see during the ARI case(name of child ) 1 Cough- 2 High fever 3 Fast/difficult to reparation 4 Chest in drawing (Kokha hanne) 5 Not interest to eat 6 Difficult breast feeding 7 Other(Specify

Total

80(100%) 21 19 1 2 2 3 0

55. Community Total

respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 %

Patamara 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0

Luma

50 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 0

What are important actions you should take if (Child name) has ARI? 1 Doesn't know 2 Give the children more to drink than usual 3 Give the children smaller frequently feeds- 4 With Put fluids 5 With put foods 6 Open and crossing wind 7 Continue breastfeeding 8 Keep warm 9 Consult TBA 10 Take the child health post 11 Others

Total

80 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 19 0

Section -9 HIV/AIDS Total 80 respondents from Luma and Patamara say 1(1.25%) say about HIV/AIDS and 79(98.75%) say no about HIV/AIDS. How to save HIV/AIDS say 1(1.25%) not do sexual intercourse other person, 1(1.25%) use condom.

57

Table-8(56-57) - HIV/AIDS 56.

Question


Yes % No %

Patamara

30 1 3.33% 29 96.66%

Luma

50 0 0% 50 100%

Do you know about HIV/AIDS

Total

80 1 1.25% 79 98.75%

57. Community Total

respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 %

Patamara

30 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Luma

50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Question How to save from the AIDS 1 Not do sexual intercourse other person 2 Sex with one partner 3 Don't sexual inter course with prostitution person-- 4 Don't blood transformation 5 Don't use other person blade and reser 6 Use condom- 7 Not sexual intercourse with drug user 8 Use only sterilized needle 9 Don't know Other (specify)

Total

80(100%) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

58

Section -10: Pneumonia Total respondents 70(87.5%) know about pneumonia and 10(12.5%) don't know an\bout pneumonia During the Pneumonia case child see the symptoms as follows. Response from 38(47.5%) say difficult breast feeding, 53(66.25%) say continue fever, 20(25%) saykokha Hanne and 18(22.5%) say not interest to eat and 15(18.75%) say difficulties to respiration. 55(68.75%) say that if child ha Pneumonia take the child health,9( 11.25%) say keep warm in house. Treatment for child 55(68.75%) say district health post and 18(22.5%) say health post, 11(13.75%) say SHP. Table -8 (58 -61) Pneumonia 58


Yes % No %

Patamara

30 23 76.66% 7 23.33%

Luma

50 47 94% 3 6%

Do you know about Pneumonia

Total

80

70 87.5% 10 12.5%

59. Community Total


Patamara

30 7 17 17 5 13 1

Luma

50 8 3 36 13 25 5

Question What type of symptoms did you see during the Pneumonia case(name of child ) 1 Fast / difficult to reparation 2 Kokha hanne 3 Continue Fever 4 Not interest to eat 5 difficult breast feeding 6 Other(Specify)

Total

80(100%) 15 18.75%

20 25%

53 66.25

18 22.5%

38 47.5

6 7.5%

59

60. Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 %

Patamara 30 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 22

Luma

50 2 0 0 0 0 2 9 0 33

Question What are important actions you should take if (Child name) has Pneumonia? 1 Doesn't know 2 Give more to drink than usual 3 Give the children smaller frequently feeds 4 With Put fluids 5 Open and crossing wind 6 Continue breastfeeding 7 Keep warm 8 Consult TBA 9 Take the child health post

Total

80(100%) 3 1 0 0 0 2 9 0 55

61. Community

Total respondent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 %

Patamara 30 21 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 1

Luma

50 34 4 17 11 0 0 0 5 0 1

Question From where can you get Pneumonia treatment

1. District hospital

2. PHC 3. HP 4. SHP 5. Clinic 6. Medical

shop- 7. FCHV 8. Traditional

faith healer 9. TBA 10. Others

Total

80(100%) 55 4 18 11 0 0 0 8 0 2

60

Section - 11: Water 79(98.75%) respondents say that drinking water bring from tap and 1(1.25%) say cannel and pond 9(11.25%) say water is test and 71(88.75%) say drinking water not tested. Table-8 (62-63)- Water 62


1 2 3 4 5 6 %

Patamara 30

30 1 0 0 0 0

Luma 50

49 0 1 0 0 0

Question Where you bring drinking water for house and how far from house? Sources 1 Tap 2 Cannel 3 Pond 4 River 5 Other place(specify

Total

80 (100%)

79 98.75%

1 1.25%

1 1.25%

0 0%

0 0%

0 %

Note: minimum 2 minutes to 20 minutes in Luma and Patamara) 63


Test % No Test %

Patamara 30 8 22

Luma 50 1 49

Drinking water sources measurement Test. Total 80 9 71

Section: Postpartum Care After delivery patients/mother check up their health Total 18(22.5%) say yes and 62(77.5%) say not check up health. After delivery 2(2.5%) say two time health check up ,1(.25%) say three time health check up and 77(96.25%) say don't know about health check up. After the delivery get health service if get what time say 1(1.25%) with in one weeks and say 1(1.5%) six weeks and 78(97.5%) say that don't know about get service and get time. 27(33.75%) say after delivery take vitamin A dose and 53(66.25%) not take vitamin A dose

61

Table-8 (64-67) : Postpartum Care 64


Yes % No %

Patamara 30 11 36.66 19 63.33%

Luma

50 7 14% 43 86%

. Do you know after delivery patients/mother check up their health?

Total

80 18 22.5% 62 77.5%

65. Question Communit

y Total respondent

1 Time 2 Time 3Time 4 and more then four time

Don't know

Patamara 30 0 1 1 0 28

Luma

50 0 1 0 0 49

If yes -- How many times after delivery check up? Total 80 0

0% 2 2.5%

1 1.25%

0 0%

77 96.25%


respondent 24 hour

72 hours

1 weeks

Six weeks

Don't know

Patamara 30 0 0 1 1 28

Luma

50 0 0 0 0 50

After the delivery, did you get health services? What time did you get health care?

Total

80 100%

0 0%

0 0%

1 1.25%

1 1.25%

78 97.5%



Patamara 30 12 40% 18 60%

Luma

50 15 18.75% 35 70%

With in 6 weeks after delivery did you take a vitamin A dose? Total

80 27 33.75% 53 66.25%

62

Annex

Annex-1 Person helped in SSDP base line data collection periods:

Name of Person # Patamara Luma

Remarks

1 Padam Budha Jay Bdr Nepali 2 Purna Singh Thapa Satal Singh Thami 3 Damber Singh Rawat Yam Bdr Reule 4 Kali Bdr Thapa Khadka Nepali 5 Suk Thapa Bal Bdr Khadka 6 Harischandra Budha Anga Rawat

Annex-2 Person of users committee /responsible persons:


Remarks

1 Damber Singh Rauta Satal Singh Thami 2 Kali Bdr Thapa Bal Bdr Khadka 3 Harischandra Budha Anga Rawat 4 Bhair Budha Jai Bdr Nepali Annex-3 List of Women health volunteers:


Remarks

1 Bijakali Budha Rupa Rawat 2 Uja Thapa Tila Rawat 3 Chamaka Thapa Mayadevi Khadka 4 Rati Thapa Uji Nepali 5 Ophaya Rokaya 6 Kali Bhandari

63

Annex-4 List of Traditional faith healer:


Remarks

Hansa Rawat Laxmi Rawat

Kalo Budha Biju Kami

Chumma Budha Rupa Bohora

Bira Rawat Maina Kami

Kalu Thapa Man Bdr Rokaya

Chandralal Thapa

Chakra Budha

Annex-5 List of JT/JTA and other GOs staffs

Name of Person # Patamara Work Luma Work

1 Mun Bdr Thapa JT Kali Bdr Khadka C.M.A 2 Hari Bdr Thapa Teacher Bishnu Thami C.M.A 3 Bhairab Budha Postman Mun Bdr Thami Police 4 Satal sing Thami teacher 5 Pithy Rawat teacher 6 Kali Bdr Rawat Health persons 7 Rupa Rawat MCHW

Annex-6 List of Service orientation Organization/NGO:


Remarks

1 World vision 4S 2 4s RCIW 3 DFID Women welfare centre 4 DEPROCE PAF 5 UPAP DALIT Association 6 RCDC FECOFUN

64

Annex-7 List of Local Clubs:


Remarks

1 Pragatisil youth club 2 Maharudha bal club 3 Pragatisil bal club Annex-8 Uses groups and Women groups # Name of Groups Patamara Luma

Ulikhola forest user group Bhagawati Aama samuha Khali forest user group Ubreghat forest user group Dor forest user group Ranisalla forest user group Thandapakha forest user group Laxmi aama samuha Tikatali forest user group simkhaniWater user groups Maharudha aama samuha Malika aama samuha Maharudha school mgt.committee Radeu aama samuha Bakera aama samuha Luma school mgt committee Chaudabis herbal mgt. committee

• women groups • Saving groups • Water user groups • Forest user groups • Construction user groups • School mgt committee • health mgt committee • Other committee • Other groups

65

Education: 1. Information of School and Teacher- Patamara

Name of School: Shree maharudha primary school Address: Patamara 1.2 Established date: Number of Teacher- Male-4 Female-1 Total -5 Class -1-5

Students # Name of Teacher Address Duration Class Boys Girls Total

1 Kula Bdr malla Chandanath VDC 2 years 1

2 Daya Ram Budha Patamara VDC

12 years 2

3 Sattaya Devi Budha

Patamara VDC

4 years 3

4 Log Thapa Patamara VDC

3 month 4

5 NarabirRawat Patamara VDC

3 month 5

2. Information of School and Teacher- Luma Name of School: Shree primary school Luma Address: Dillichour 7, 8, 9 Established date: Number of Teacher- Male--3 Female-2 Totals -5 Class --1-5

Students # Name of Teacher Address Duration Class Boys Girls Total

1 Guru Dayal Chaudhary

Saptari rampur 4 1year 1 78 58 163

2 Satal Sing Thami Dillichour 8 28years 2 21 10 31

3 Deepak Bdr Shahi

Kartik swami 6 3years 3 25 21 46

4 Parbati karki Tanahu Dorphidi 6 7years 4 13 4 17

5 Ramtula Bohora Dillichour 1years 5 5 2 7

66

3. Information of School and Teacher-

No of Schools Total No of Teachers Total

Community


Secondary Primary

M F

Lower Secondary M F

Secondary

M F

Male Female

Remarks

Luma 1 - - 1 3 2 - - - - - - Patamara 1 - - 1 4 1 - - - - - - Total 2 - - 2 7 3 - - - - - -

4. School enrollment/ Patamara

Primary School

Dalits Other Total

Class

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

Grand Total Percentage

1 23 25 55 33 78 48 126 2 8 1 13 9 21 10 31 3 7 4 18 17 25 21 46 4 4 0 7 4 11 4 15 5 0 0 5 2 5 2 7

Total 42 30 68 65 110 95 205

5. School enrollment/ Luma

Class Primary School 1 Dalits Other Total Grand Total Percentage 2 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls 3 4 5 6 7

Total

6. School enrollment/Patamara

Class Secondary School Dalits Other Total Grand Total Percentage Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys girls 8 9 10

Campus Total

67

7. School enrollment/Luma Class Secondary School

Dalits Other Total Grand Total

Percentage

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys girls 8 9 10

Campus Total

Main Problem of the community: @ Weakness in health awareness. @ Low literacy rate. @ Drinking water. @ Low economical condition. @ SOLAR. @ Smokeless stove @ Toilet. @ Electricity

Main Solution of the community: # Coordination between community and NGO # To increased linkage and coordination in local

Social Map/Photo

68

Shangri-La Sustainable Development Program (SSDP) Household Base line Study

Jumla

1. Population and age groups/Ethnicity of HHs- (0-5) children 6-10 Children 11-15 Children 16-30 year 31- 60 year 61 -above Sub total HH

# Name of HH head Cast Age Family

size M F M F M F M F M F M F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

69

6.1 School going and Participation: (A) # of School going children (B)Literate

Population(Read/Write)

(A+B) =Literate rate

Literate rate (%)

< 15 Year >16 Year Total Total Grand Total Grand Total

HH#

M F M F M F M F Total M F Total M F Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

70

2. Name of all family members /household M F < 1 year

Children < 5 year Children

Remarks HHs #

SR #

Name of all family

Age

M F M F

Note: (√) the mark of mother name - if a child is < one year.

Health: 3. If Child is <5 year ask and fill the formats HHs #

Mother name Name of all Children Boys Girls Age < 5 children(√)

Have a Using Toilet

71

4. Maternal mortality rate Q.N Question Codes Remarks 1 During one year periods any

child's mother died? • Yes---- • No-----

2 If yes what condition she died • Pregnancy periods---- • Delivery periods ----- • Postpartum-------- • Other (specify)-----

3 If yes -for what causes mother died?

• Before child born---- • After bleeding • Convulsions/Sock • Severe abdominal pain------ • Child death---- • Disease---- • Others-----

5. Infant mortality rate Q.N Question Codes Remarks 1 During one year periods any child

birth in your house? • Yes---- • No-----

2 During one year periods newborn child died or not?

• Yes---- • No-----

4 If yes how old are it? • < 7 days--- • 8 days-1 month--- • < 6month---- • 1 year------- •

6. Child mortality rate Q.N Question Codes Remarks 1 During five year periods any child

died in your house? • Yes---- • No-----

2 If yes how old are it? • > 1 year------- • > 2 year ------- • > 3 year ------- • > 4 year -------

3 What is the cause of child death? • ARI------- • Diarrhea------- • Pneumonia--------- • Common cold -------- • TB------ • Measles------- • Other (specify)-------- •

72

Section-1: Antennal Care Q.N Question Codes Remarks 1 What are the symptoms during

pregnancy indicating the need to seek immediate health care? (Multiple question)

• Convulsions • Pale eye lids • Virginal bleeding • Head ache • Severe abdominal pain • Shortness of breadth • Fever • Dizziness • Excessive vomiting • Swelling of hands and feed • Leaking • Don't know • other

2 Did you see anyone for antenatal care while you were pregnant with -Name?

• Yes - if yes continue…… • No

3 At how many months of pregnancy did you have the first antenatal check up?

• 0-2 months --------------- • 3-5 months --------------- • 6 month and over --------

4 How many times did you receive antenatal care when you were pregnant with -Name?

• No of times ------------ • Don't know ------------

5 Where did you have antenatal care for -Name?

• Hospital --------------- • PHC ------------------- • HP --------------------- • SHP ------------------- • Clinic ------------------ • At home --------------- • Other(specify) ---------

6 Whom did you see for antenatal care with -Name?

• Doctor ---------------------------- • Nurse ----------------------------- • HA/CMA ------------------------- • ANM ----------------------------- • MCHW -------------------------- • Trained -------------------------- • TBA ------------------------------ • Untrainined TBA/FCHVVHW • Relatives/Friends/Neighbors -- • Don't know ---------------------- • Others (specify) -----------------

73

7 Do you have antenatal card for your pregnancy with -Name?

-------- --------- --------- Day Month Year

8 Look at the antenatal card and records the dates of each TT injection listed on the card during last pregnancy

-------- --------- --------- Day Month Year

9 Did you have an injection in the arm any time during your lifetime to prevent you and your baby from getting tetanus? If so, how many?

• 0 ----- • 1 ---- • 2 ---- • 3 ----- • 4 ------ • 5 or more -------

10 Do you know about albindazole • Yes------- • No--------

11 During the pregnant periods do you have take albindazole

• Yes---- • No-----

12 During the pregnant periods how much time did you have tale albindazole?

• One time -------- • Two time-------- • Don't know-----

13 Do you know about Iron tablet? • Yes------ • No-------

14 Do you have take iron tablets • Yes---- • No------

15 During the pregnant periods to after delivery how long you have take iron tablets.

• 15 days --- • 1 month------ • Other (Specify) -------- • Don't know -------------

74

Section- 2: Delivery Q.N Question Codes Remarks 16 Who assisted with the delivery with

(Name) • Doctor ------------------------- • Nurse -------------------------- • HA/CMA --------------------- • ANM -------------------------- • MCHW ----------------------- • Trained ----------------------- • TBA ---------------------------- • Untrainined

TBA/FCHVVHW -- • Relatives/Friends/Neighbors • Don't know ------------------- • Others (specify) -------------

17 Where was (Name) born? • Hospital --------------------- • PHC --------------------------- • Other health facility ---------- • Home --------------------------- • Other (specify) ------------

18 Was a clean home delivery kit used during delivery

• Yes ------ • No ------ • Does not know -------

19 What are the symptoms during delivery indicating the need to seek immediate health care?

• Convulsion ----------------- • Fever ------------------- • Chills ------------------ • Heavy bleeding ------------- • Labor longer then 12 hours - • Mal- presentation (not head

first) - • Placenta not delivered in 30

minutes -------------- • Premature rupture of

membrane -- • Don't know ---------- • Other (specify) ---------

20 Did you ever breastfeeding (Name)? • Yes ---------- • No ---------

21 Do you have emergency fund in your community?

• Yes----- • No----- • Don't know-----

22 Do you have used emergency fund • Yes------ • No-------

75

Section 3: Newborn baby care: Q.N Question Codes Remarks 23 What are the symptoms of

the infant within 7 days after delivery indicating the need to seek immediate health care?

• Poor sucking or feeding------- • Difficult or fast breathing ---- • Baby very small --------------- • Red swollen eyes with discharge • Redness and discharge around the cord - • Skin lesions or blisters --------- • Yellow skin / eye color(Jaundice) -- • Skin color is plum/soles blue -- • Baby is very cold/shivering--- • Hypothermia --------------- • Convulsions ----------------- • Rigidity --------------------- • Frequently watery stools or stool with

bloods or mucus ---- • Failure to pass urine ------ • Don't know ---------------------- • Others (specify)

24 After the child was born, did you get health services or advice about the baby?

• Yes -------- • No ---------

25 Who gave health services or advice at that time?

• Doctor ----------------------------- • Nurse ----------------------------- • HA/CMA ------------------------- • ANM ----------------------------- • MCHW -------------------------- • Trained -------------------------- • TBA ------------------------------ • Untrainined TBA/FCHVVHW • Relatives/Friends/Neighbors -- • Don't know ---------------------- • Others (specify) -----------------

76

Section 4: Family Planning Q.N Question Codes Remarks 26 What methods of family planning

do you know? Please name them. • Pills ---- • IUD/Loop ---- • Depo ----- • Norplant ------- • Condom ----- • Female sterilization--------- • Male sterilization ------- • Don't know ------ • Other (specify)------

27 Did you know from where one can get family planning methods?

• Yes ----- • No -----

28 From where can you get family planning methods

• District hospital ------ • PHC ----- • HP------ • SHP------ • Clinic ---- • Medical shop------ • FCHV----- • Other health worker ----- • Others ------

29 Do you want another child in next two years

• Yes----- • No ----- • Don't know -----

30 Are you pregnant now? • Yes----- • No ----- • Don't know -----

31 Are you and your husband currently using any methods delay or avoid getting pregnant

• Yes----- • No ----- • Don't know -----

If No go to - 34

32 If yes- What is the main methods you and your husband are currently using?

• Pills ---- • IUD/Loop ---- • Depo ----- • Norplant ------- • Condom ----- • Female sterilization--------- • Male sterilization ------- • Others(Specify)-------

77

33 From where did you (or your husband)get the methods the last time

• District hospital ------ • PHC ----- • HP------ • SHP------ • Clinic ---- • Medical shop------ • FCHV----- • Other health worker ----- • Others ------

34 What are the reasons why are you not using any methods?

• Husband not at home --- • Husband don't want --- • Mother in low don't want -- • Cultural/Religious ---- • Want to be pregnant ---- • Side effects • Not easy available------ • No menstruation now---- • Don't know ---- • Others-------

Section 5: Immunization Q.N Question Codes Remarks 35 Has (child name) received any

immunization? • Yes--- • No---- • Doesn't know -----

36 What age should (name of child) received measles vaccine?

• Specify in month----- • Doesn't know-------- •

37 Do you have an immunization card for (Name of child)

• Yes---- • Lost it----- • Never had one----

38 Look at the vaccination card and record the date of all the immunization in the space below.

dd/mm/yy BCG ---- ---- ---- Polio 1 ---- ---- ---- Polio 2 ---- ---- --- Polio 3 ----- ---- ---- DPT 1 ----- ----- ---- DPT 2 ----- ---- ----- DPT 3 ----- ---- ---- Measles ----- ----- ----

78

Section 6: Growth monitoring Q.N Question Codes Remarks 39 Does (name of child)

have a growth monitoring cards?

• Yes ----- • No----- • Lost------

40 Look at the growth monitoring card of the child and record the following information: has the child been weighted in the last three months? ( Define boys and girls)

Keep weight record (Age and weight) Age Boy Girl Weight Height • New born baby ---- ---- ----- ----- • 6 month ---- ----- ------ ----- • 1 year ---- ---- ------ ----- • 2 year --- ---- ----- ----- • 3 year --- --- ------ ----- • 4 year ---- --- ----- ----- • 5 year ---- ---- ----- -----

41 Look at the growth monitoring card of the child and indicate the there is any records of vitamin A capsules given?

• Yes--- • No----

42 MUAC measuring tap ( < 5 year children)

Child age Green Yellow Red 1.Child -1 ------- ------ ------ 2.Child -2 ------- ----- ----- 3.Child -3 ----- ----- ------ 4.Child -4 ------ ---- ------ 5.Child -5 ------ ----- ------

43 Do you know about malnutrition

• Yes------- • No------

44 How to find out malnutrition?

• Age wise height and weight lose------- • Regular illness/Sick------- • Hand /legs are decrease------- • Stomach look like bog------ • Face and body Skin closed------- • Continue Rune/Runche------- • Dehydration -------- • Other (Specify)------

45 What is main cause of malnutrition case?

• Poor economic------- • Lack of nutrition food during

pregnant/Postnatal periods ----- • Uneducated ------- • Pre mature baby born------ • Mother have Danger disease ------------ • Other (specify)-----------

79

Section 7: Diarrhea Diseases Q.N Question Codes Remarks 46 Has (child name ) has

diarrhea during the last two weeks

• Yes ---- • No-----

47 When (child) has diarrhea. What treatment if any do you use?

• Nothing ------- • ORS sachet---------- • Sugar Salt solution ------ • Infusions or other fluids- • Anti diarrhea medicines- • Other specify-----

48 When (Child) had diarrhea did you seek advice or treatment for the diarrhea?

• Yes --- • No----

49 From whom did you sick advice or treatment for the diarrhea of ( child name )

• Hospital--- • Health post ---- • Health clinic---- • Relation/ friends ---- • CHV----- • Traditional healer--- • Others (specify)---

50 What sign would cause you to take advice or treatment for (child name) diarrhea?

• Doesn't know---- • Vomiting --- • Fever--- • Dry mouth, eye, Decreased urine out put--- • Diarrhea prolonged duration (at least 14 days)- • Blood in stool--- • Weakness --- • Other (specify)----

51 What are important actions you should take if (Child name) has diarrhea?

• Doesn't know --- • Take the child health post ------ • Give the children more to drink than usual • Give the children smaller frequently feeds- • With put fluids --- • With put foods--- • Others-----

52 What are the important actions a mother should take when a child is recovering from diarrhea?

• Doesn't know ----- • Give the child similar more frequently feeds- • More food than usually---- • Give food high caloric content-- • Other (specify)----

80

Section 8: Equate repertory track infection (ARI) Q.N Question Codes Remarks 53 Do you know about ARI

• Yes----- • No------

54 What type of symptoms did you see during the ARI case(name of child )

• Cough------ • High fever---- • Fasr/difficult to reparation ----- • Chest in drawing (Kokha hanne)------ • Not interest to eat-------- • Difficult breast feeding ----- • Other(Specify)--------- •

55 What are important actions you should take if (Child name) has ARI?

• Doesn't know --- • Give the children more to drink than usual - • Give the children smaller frequently feeds- • With Put fluids --- • With put foods--- • Open and crossing wind----- • Continue breastfeeding------ • Keep warm------ • Consult TBA----- • Take the child health post ----- • Others----- •

Section -9 HIV/AIDS Q.N Question Codes Remarks 56 Do you know about

HIV/AIDS • Yes----- • No------

57 How to save from the AIDS

• Not do sexual intercourse other person-- • Sex with one partner ---------- • Don't sexual inter course with prostitution person-- • Don't blood transformation----- • Don't use other person blade and reser--- • Use condom----- • Not sexual intercourse with drug user --- • Use only sterilized needle -------- • Don't know Other (specify)------

81

Section -10: Pneumonia Q.N Question Codes Remarks 58 Do you know about

Pneumonia • Yes----- • No------

59 What type of symptoms did you see during the Pneumonia case(name of child )

• Fast / difficult to reparation ----- • Kokha hanne------ • Continue Fever-------- • Not interest to eat-------- • Difficult breast feeding ----- • Other(Specify)---------

60 What are important actions you should take if (Child name) has Pneumonia?

• Doesn't know --- • Give more to drink than usual - • Give the children smaller frequently feeds- • With Put fluids --- • Open and crossing wind----- • Continue breastfeeding------ • Keep warm------ • Consult TBA----- • Take the child health post ----- •

61 From where can you get Pneumonia treatment

• District hospital ------ • PHC ----- • HP------ • SHP------ • Clinic ---- • Medical shop------ • FCHV----- • Traditional faith healer------ • TBA------ • Others ------ •

Section - 11: Water Q.N Question Codes Remarks 62 Where you bring drinking

water for house and how far from house?

Sources Distance Tap --------- Cannel -------- Pond -------- River ------- Other place(specify) ---------

63 Drinking water sources measurement Test.

Source Tap Cannel Pond River Other place Test ---- ------ ----- ----- -----

82

Section -12: Postpartum Care Q.N Question Codes Remarks 64 Do you know after delivery

patients/mother check up their health?

Yes------ No------

65 If yes -- How many times after delivery check up?

• One times --------------- • Two times --------------- • Three times ------------- • Four and more then four time--------- • Don't know--------

66 After the delivery, did you get health services? What time did you get health care?

• 24 hour --------- • 72 hours-------- • 1 weeks -------- • Six weeks------- • Don't know---------

67 With in 6 weeks after delivery did you take a vitamin A dose?

• Yes ----- • No ------

Agriculture

1. Land Holding Size (In Ropani)- Yield of Crops- (In Muri):

HHs HH by Holding size in ropani Yield of Crops in Muri <5

ropani 5-10 ropani

10-15 ropani

>15 ropani

Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Barley Potato Bean Uwa/Chino/ Phapar

Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

83

2. Agriculture production: Fruits-in kg HHs HH by Holding size fruits in Pec Fryits production in KG/Pec Apple Okhar Aaru Aarubakhda Naspati Graps Apple Okhar Aaru Aarubakhda Naspati Graps

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

3 Agriculture production: Vegetables kg HHs

Potato Karela Kauli Flower

Oniao Garlic Pamkin Radish Rayo bhenta Banda Gager

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

84

4 Size of livestock holding situation: HH#

Size of Li vestock Holding / HH Size of Poultry holding /HHs

Buffalo Cow Goat Sheep Horse Others Chicken Duck Pigeon Kalij/ Chakhura

Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

5. Type of Cultivation A. Local seeds


85

B. Hybrid seeds # Name of local seeds Remarks Patamara Luma

6. Type of Animal reared A. Local /indigenous # Name of local /indigenous Remarks Patamara Luma

B. Cross/Improved # Name of Cross/Improved Remarks Patamara Luma

7. Food Sufficiency Situation HHs HHs by Sufficiency status < 3months 3-6 months 6-9 months 10-12 months Whole

year Total

1 2 3 4 5 6

86

8. Size of Live stock holding HHs Size of Live stock holding HHs Buffalo Cow Sheep Goat Horse Others 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9. Cases of food dependency: # List of Cases of food dependency Remarks Patamara Luma

10. Availability of manure: # Lacal/Compost/Farmyard Remarks Patamara Luma 11. Access to JT/JTA # Name JT/JTA/ Regularity/Station Remarks Patamara Luma

87

12. Access to Pesticides/insecticides # List of Pesticides/insecticides

Remarks

Patamara Luma

13. Access to Modern agriculture tools and equipment: # List of Modern agriculture tools and equipment:

Remarks

Patamara Luma

14. Access to Modern agriculture tools and equipment: # List of Modern agriculture tools and equipment:

Remarks

Patamara Luma 15. Agriculture Practice: A. Patamara # Traditional Scientific

88

B. Luma # Traditional Scientific

16. Access to Irrigation: # List of Irrigation and it condition Remarks Patamara Luma

17. Name livestock disease: # Name list of disease Remarks Patamara Luma

18. Access to Veterinary Service: # Veterinary Service and treatment

Remarks

Patamara Luma

89

19. Presence of government agriculture resource person: # List of Presence of government agriculture resource

centers/ person Remarks

Patamara Luma 20. Use of government agriculture resource centre/persons # List of Use of government agriculture resource

centre/persons

Remarks

Patamara Luma

90

21. Major Cereal Crops # Crops Luma Patamara

A Cereals 1 Rice 2 Millet 3 Maize 4 Wheat 5 Barley 6 Beans 7 Phapar 8 Chino 9 Uwa 10 11 B Vegetables 1 Potato 2 Karelo 3 Caulifliower 4 Onian 5 Garlic 6 Pumpkin 7 Radish 8 Rayo 9 Venta 10 Lauka 11 Banda kobi 12 Tamato 13 Cucumber 14 Bhindi 15 16 C Fruits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

91

22. Uses groups and Women groups # Name of Groups Remarks Patamara Luma

• Women groups • Saving groups • Water user groups • Forest user groups • Road user groups • Construction user groups • School mgt committee • health mgt committee • Other committee • Other groups

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Education: 1. Information of School and Teacher- Patamara Name of School: Address: Established date: Number of Teacher- Male----- Female---- Total ----- Class From---To---

Students # Name of Teacher

Address Duration Class Boys Girls Total

Remarks

Prepared by: Approved By

92

2. Information of School and Teacher- Luma Name of School: Address: Established date: Number of Teacher- Male----- Female---- Total ----- Class From---To---

Students # Name of Teacher

Address Duration Class Boys Girls Total

Remarks

3. Information of School and Teacher- No of Schools Total No of Teachers Total Community


Secondary Primary

M F

Lower Secondary

M F

Secondary

M F

Male Female Remarks

Lum Patamara Total

4. School enrollment Patamara Class

Primary School

1 Dalits

Other Total Grand Total Percentage

2 Boys

Girls Boys Girls Boys girls

3 4 5 6 7

Total

93

5. School enrollment Luma Class

Primary School

1 Dalits

Other Total Grand Total Percentage

2 Boys

Girls Boys Girls Boys girls

3 4 5 6 7

Total

6. School enrollment Patamara

Class Secondary School Dalits Other Total Grand Total Percentage Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Campus Total

94

7. School enrollment Luma

Class Secondary School Dalits Other Total Grand Total Percentage Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Campus Total

8. Ratio of Children school going age in school Patamara

Primary School Age of Dalits

Age of Other Total ratio Age Grand

Total ratio Age

Total % Class

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Total

95

Ratio of Children school going age in school Luma

Primary School Age of Dalits

Age of Other Total ratio Age Grand Total

ratio Age Total %

Class


Total

10. Ratio of Children passing the primary School education Patamara

Primary School Pass of Dalits

Pass of Other Total ratio

Pass Grand

Total ratio pass

Total % Class


Total

96

11 Ratio of Children passing the primary education School Luma

Primary School Pass of Dalits

Pass of Other Total ratio

Pass Grand Total

ratio Pass Total %

Class


Total

Annex-1 Person helped in SSDP base line data collection periods:


Remarks

Annex-2 Person of users committee /responsible persons:


Remarks

Annex-3 List of Women health volunteers:


Remarks

97

Annex-4 List of Traditional faith healer:


Remarks

Annex-5 List of JT/JTA and other GOs staffs

Name of Person

#

Patamara Luma

Remarks

Annex-6 List of Service orientation Organization/NGO:

Name of Person

#

Patamara Luma

Remarks

Annex-7 List of Local Clubs:

Name of Person

#

Patamara

Luma

Remarks

98

Main Problem of the community:

Main Solution of the community:

Social Map/Photo