Substance Abuse ◦ Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical

substances for nonmedical purposes

Illicit drug use◦ The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or

other wise not permitted

•Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sellIllegal Drugs (street drugs)

•Drugs available only by means of a doctor’s written instructions and can be dispensed only by a licensed pharmacist

Prescription Drugs

•Drugs that you can buy without a prescription. Can be harmful if not used properlyOver-the-

counter Drugs

What are factors that influence decisions about drugs?

PEER PRESSURE

Family MembersRole Models

MEDIA MESSAGES

Perceptions

Unlike medicines, these substances are not monitored for quality, purity, or strength

Health Consequences of Drug UseIllegal drugs have harmful side effects that can range from minor to deadly

Physical ConsequencesBrain, heart, lungs, and other vital organs

Contraction of Diseases such as hepatitis B and HIV Overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal

reaction to taking a large amount of a

drug

MENTAL/ EMOTIONAL CONSEQUENCESDrugs cloud reasoning and thinking, and users lose

control of their behavior

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCESNegative effect on relationships with friends and

family members; Substance abuse is a major factor in many crimes, suicides, and unintentional injuries

Side Effects of Drug usenausea

headaches

Loss of consciousness

Death

TOLERANCE: THE BODY OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSERNEEDS MORE AND MORE OF THE DRUG TO GET THESAME EFFECT.

Psychological dependence:A condition in which a person believes

That a drug is needed in order to feel good Or to function normally

Physiological Dependence:A condition in which the user has a chemical

Need for the drug

Addiction: A physiologicalOr psychological dependence on a drug

a plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are usually smoked for their intoxicating effects

Marijuana:

Also known as grass, weed, and pot

Hashish, or hash, is a stronger form of marijuana

An individual who uses marijuana is 17 times more likely to use cocaine than one who has never used marijuana.

Marijuana

Slow mental reflexes and may suffer sudden feelings of anxiety and paranoia

In males, regular use interferes with sperm production and lowers levels of testosterone

Females experience an INCREASE IN TESTOSTERONE LEVELS which may result in unwanted facial hair and can lead to infertility

Driving under the influence of marijuana can be as dangerous as driving while intoxicated

Effects of Marijuana

Substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to achieve a mind-altering effect

Inhalants

Solvents Aerosols Glues Spray paints Gasoline Varnishes Nitrous oxides

Examples of Inhalants

Glassy stare Slurred speech Impaired judgment Permanent nervous system and brain

damage Sudden Death by:

◦ increasing heart rate resulting in cardiac arrest◦ suffocation

Consequences of inhalant use

Synthetic substances that are similar to the male sex hormone testosterone

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Effects of Steroid use

The non-medical use of steroids is illegal for people of all ages in the United States

Anabolic refers to muscle building

Androgenic refers to increased male characteristics

• Mood swings• Impaired judgment

resulting from feelings of invincibility

• Paranoia• If needle injection used

the risk of disease-causing viruses ex: HIV

4 Types◦Stimulants

◦Depressants

◦Narcotics

◦Hallucinogens

Psychoactive Drugschemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain

StimulantsCocaineCrackAmphetaminesMethamphetamineMethylphenidate (Ritalin)

A rapid-acting, powerful, highly addictive stimulant that interrupts normal functioning of the central nervous system

Effects of Cocaine Include:

Cocaine

depression

fatigue

paranoia

Physiological dependence

malnutrition

Cardiac Problems

COLLAPSE OF NASAL SEPTUM

Cardiac ArrestRESPIRATORY FAILURE

seizuresDEATH

An even more dangerous form of cocaine

One of the most deadly drugs available

Crack

Health RisksEXTREMELY ADDICTIVE

RAPID INCREASE IN HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE CAN CAUSE DEATH

MIXING WITH ALCOHOL IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS

Prescription medicines to reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetite

Health Risks Easily developed tolerance can result in overdose Twitching Irregular heartbeat Paranoia Heart and blood vessel damage

Amphetamines

Methamphetamines (Meth) Meth can be lethal, ADDICTIVE, and

unpredictable Club Drug Another form is Crystal Meth

Effects of Meth UseGeneral Effects Long Term Effects Elevated heart rate,

blood pressure and respiratory rate

Decreased Appetite Alertness Aggression Paranoia Depression Irritability Hallucinations Delusions

Strong psychological dependence

Malnutrition Skin abscesses Mood disturbances Kidney and other tissue

damage Cardiac and neurological

damage Meth Mouth

Both Ritalin and Adderall are the two most commonly abused prescription stimulants

When abused can lead to ◦Dangerously high body temperature

◦Irregular heartbeat◦Paranoia◦Cardiovascular failure◦Lethal Seizures

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

DepressantsBarbituratesTranquilizersRohypnolGHB

Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system

The most commonly used depressants is

Depressants

Alcohol

Known as Looks like an ordinary aspirin Rohypnol can be dissolved easily into a

beverage. The victim wakes up much later with no recollection of what may have happened during the last several hours

Rohypnolthe date rape drug

Another Date Rape Drug A person can easily overdose on GHB The drug leaves the blood relatively

quickly, making it hard to discover

GHB

Low Doses Higher DosagesDrowsinessDizzinessNauseaVisual Disturbances

UnconsciousnessSeizuresSevere Respiratory DepressionComa

NarcoticsHeroinOpiumOxycodoneHyrocodone

1. An addictive drug, such as opium, that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor. Natural and synthetic narcotics are used in medicine to control pain.

2. A soothing, numbing agent or thing

Narcotics

Highly addictive Depresses the central nervous system

Slows breathing and pulse rate Infection of the heart lining and valvesLiver disease Coma Death

Heroin

HEALTH RISKS

Heroin

A narcotic prescribed to relieve pain

OxyContin is a timed-releases version of Oxycodone

Do not take while drinking alcohol Dangerous side effects or death can occur when combined

It is a significant threat because it is only available in higher doses

OxycodoneExtremely Addictive

Oxycodone in the News

A narcotic drug prescribed for pain control

Vicodin is one of the most commonly abused forms

Extremely Addictive

Hydrocodone

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Difficulty Breathing

Closing of the throat

Facial Swelling Hives Seizures Loss of

Consciousness Coma

Constipation Dryness of

Mouth Respiratory

Depression Physical

Tolerance Dependence

HallucinogensPCPHallucinogenic Mushrooms MescalineKetamineLSD

PCP Originally

considered for an anesthetic but discontinuedConsidered an Hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant and anesthetic

Induces Violent behaviorUnpredictable with reactionsFlashbacks can occur at anytime causing:• Panic• Confusio

n• Lack of

Control

Sym

ptom

s

• Hallucinations

• Disorientation

• Impaired Coordination

• Coma• Stupor• Convulsions• Decreased

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

• Seizures• Death

• Overdose• Induced

destructive behavior

Preoperative anesthetic that is used in veterinary medicine

Makes the user feel detached from his or her environment

Has both analgesic (pain relief) and amnesic (memory loss) properties

Has been used in drug facilitated sexual assaults

Ketamine

Effects DEPRESSED RESPIRATORY RATE NAUSEA LOSS OF COORDINATION TEMPORARY AMNESIA HALLUCINATIONS PARANOIA COMA FLASHBACKS CONVULSIONS DEATH

Ketamine Today

Do you think that the USA should allow Ketamine induced comas?

Why or Why not?

Ketamine Coma

The most potent and highly studied hallucinogen

Effects are

Effects can last from 2 hours to 12 hours depending on dosage

DOI is a drug that is very similar both in affects and form to LSD

Often times users conceal drugs in food such as gummy bears, cookies

LSD

Introducing LSD

Illusions Hallucinations Disorientation Impaired coordination Tremors Confusion

Effects Extreme mood

sings Impaired short-term

memory Prolong Depression Anxiety Flashbacks

Personal Stories

Other Drugs

Designer Drug: synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs

Combination STIMULANT AND HALLUCINOGEN

Suppresses the need to eat Ecstasy Tablets come in many different

shapes, colors, sizes and with many logos.

MDMA Ecstasy

Confusion Depression Sleep Difficulties Anxiety Panic Attacks Jaw Clenching/ Teeth

Grinding

Consequences

Ecstasy disrupts the body’s ability to regulate

temperature, thus heating to a point that can result in liver,

kidney and cardiovascular-system failure and sometimes

death

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

Liver Damage Paranoia Depression Damage to the brain

A cough suppressing ingredient in a variety of over-the-counter cold and cough medications including syrup, tablets, and lozenges

DXMLoss of Muscle ControlRashFever and SweatingHigh Blood PressureLoss of ConsciousnessBrain DamageStrokeDeath

DiarrheaAbdominal PainNausea and Vomiting NumbnessComaCerebral HemorrhagesSeizuresMania

MDPV “Bath Salts”

A new, highly addictive designer drug labeled “Bath Salts” ◦ contains Mephedrone and MDPV

(Methylenedioxypyrovalerone)

“Bath Salts” are so addicting that users crave the drug even after experiencing a trip to the Emergency Room

“Bath Salts”

“Bath Salts” are known to produce side effects similar to Meth and Cocaine such as:◦ elevated heart rate◦ Hypertension◦ Irritability◦ extreme paranoia◦ delusions of super-human strength and

invincibility◦ Hallucinations◦ Suicide◦ aggressive and violent behavior◦ possibly even murder.

Consequences

The effects of “Bath Salts” may be permanent