Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support…>

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Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems

Information, Decision Support…

Chapter 9

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

Key TermsDecision makingProblem solvingProgrammed decisionsNon-programmed decisionsOptimization modelHeuristics

Decision Making and Problem Solving

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Decision Making & Problem Solving Process

Potential Problems and opportunities are identified

and defined

Alternative solutions to the problem are developed

Select a course of action

Solution put into effect

Evaluate the implementation

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

Decision Types

Programmed decisionsStructured situations with well

defined relationshipsQuantifiable

Non-programmed decisionsIll-structured situations with

vague or changing relationships between variables

Not easily quantifiable in advance

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Optimization and Heuristic

Optimization Model: find the best solution, helping individuals or organizations meet goals.

Heuristics: commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution, but not necessarily the optimal solution

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Key termsManagement Information System (MIS)

Business IntelligenceScheduled reportDemand reportException reportEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System

Management Information Systems

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Management Information Systems (MIS) MIS ~ used to support

programmed decisions made in response to structured problems.

Primary purpose is to help individuals and organizations achieve goals by providing reports and information used to make better decisions.

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

MIS Input and Output

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MIS Reporting System

This MIS reporting system puts many kinds of real-time information at managers’ fingertips to aid decision making.

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Reports

Key Indicator Report

Demand Reports Exception Reports

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Reports

Scheduled Reports are produced periodically on a schedule; daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.

Demand Reports are developed to get certain information at a person’s request.

Exception Reports are automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires action.

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Reports, Reports, Reports

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MIS Reports

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Enterprise Resource Planning

ERP: integrates all data processing in an enterprise into one unified system that draws from a common database system.

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Benefits and drawbacks of ERP

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Key TermsDecision Support SystemWhat-if analysisGoal-seeking analysis

Decision Support Systems

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

Decision Support Systems

A decision support system (DSS) is an information system used to support problem-specific decision making.

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

Characteristics

Handles a range of data from small to large.

Obtains and processes data from different sources.

Provides report and presentation flexibility

Analysis and Comparisons Optimization & Heuristic

approaches What-if analysis

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Characteristics ~ What If?

What-if analysis is the process of making hypothetical changes to problem data and observing the impact on the results.

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

Goal-seeking

Goal-seeking analysis is the process of determining what problem data is required for a given result.

What must be done in order to safely withdraw troops within a year?

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Characteristics ~ Simulation

Simulation uses chance or probability.

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Information System Relationships

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Key TermsGroup decision support system (GDSS)Groupware

Group Decision Support Systems

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Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)

A GDSS or computerized collaborative work system is designed to provide effective support in group decision-making settings.

A GDSS IS FLEXIBLE, SUPPORTS ANONYMOUS INPUT, AND REDUCES NEGATIVE GROUP DYNAMICS

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Characteristics of a GDSS Flexibility Support for

anonymous input Reduction of

negative group behavior

Support of positive group behavior

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Groupware

GDSS software, called groupware, helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management.

www.webex.comwww.genesys.comwww.gotomeeting.com

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Key TermsKnowledge Management SystemGeographic information system (GIS)Informatics

Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

Knowledge Management System

A knowledge management (KM) system assists an organization in capturing, storing, and distributing knowledge for use and reuse by the organization and sometimes by its partners and customers.

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Information, Decision Support… >

Geographic Information Systems

A geographic information system (GIS) is capable of storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic or special information, including maps of locations or regions around the world.

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Informatics

Informatics combines traditional disciplines, like science and medicine, with computer systems and technology.

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Chapter 9 Questions?