successful cogongrass suppression using loblolly pine ... · planting trench but a double deep...
TRANSCRIPT
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Successful Cogongrass Suppression
using Loblolly Pine Reforestation
James Miller, US Forest Service R&D
Stephen Enloe, Auburn University Erwin Chambliss, US Forest Service R&D
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AU Cogongrass Research Team: Dr. Stephen Enloe (Agron), Dr. Nancy Loewenstein (Forestry), Dr. Luke Marzan (Remote Sensing), and Dr. Jim Miller (Emeritus USFS R&D)
Cogongrass Rhizomes must be killed or removed for eradication
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Integrated Vegetation Restoration for Cogongrass Management
Mechanical Herbicides
Cultural – Plant Something
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The Study Site in the southern most county in Alabama, Mobile Co. Uniform infestation 10 years after farming ceased
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Test Treatments for Establishing Loblolly
All Combinations of the 3 Main Treatments plus 2 extras
1. Mechanical Site Preparation “Scalping” treatment using fireplow behind a dozer Laid back a 6 to 10 inch deep layer of soil and rhizomes, creating a
planting trench but a double deep rhizome mat between rows
2. Herbicide Site Preparation – at 26 gallons total volume per acre Arsenal AC imazapyr 12 oz /A (1 % solution) Accord Conc glyphosate 0.8 gal /A (3 % solution)+
surfactant 0.5 % v/v
3. Pine release May or Oct - banded sprays over rows Arsenal AC 4 or 6 oz /A (0.3 % or 0.5 %) alone and mixtures with Oust 2 oz /A and/or Escort 1 oz /A
– Double Rate Herbicide SP and release with Arsenal + Escort+Oust Arsenal AC 24 oz/A (2% solution) + Accord 1.6 gal/A (6% solution) – Check Non-treated Plots
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Experimental units: • Treatment Plot 100 trees ( 8 x 8 ft spacing = 650 trees/acre) • Measurement Plot 36 measurement trees • Cover 5 subplots
• 2 ½ gen ‘Super’ seedlings • Culled to > 0.25 in root collar diameter
25m (82 ft)
25m (82 ft)
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36 Measurement Trees
100 Trees Treatment
Plot
Plot (82 x 82 ft) 8.2 x 8.2 ft spacing
650 trees/acre
1
3 4
5
2
5 Subplots for Cover
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Study Site during Study Establishment
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Each Planting Spot Kicked Down to Permit Optimum Planting without Grass Wicks
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Second Generation seedlings were re-graded onsite To have over a 3/8th inch groundline diameter
Seedling after 1st growing season
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A Farmer eradicated cogongrass on half of the Area By multiple plowings and then planting Roundup Ready
Crops that could withstand multiple Roundup Treatments
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Mechanical Site Preparation (Scalping)
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Cogongrass infestation reforestation by planting loblolly pine Seedling after herbicide SP + scalp and scalp alone
January 2001
2 x 2 meter spacing 8.2 x 8.2 ft, 650 trees /ac
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In 1st growing season
Mechanical SP only Herbicide + Scalping
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April of the 2nd growing season on Check
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April or the 2nd Year on Herbicide Site Prep
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April of 2nd Year Herbicide SP and Scalp
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September after 3rd growing season Max Site Prep with early succession initiated which later was reinvaded by
cogongrass
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August of the 6th Growing Season
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After 8 Growing Seasons
Herbicide Site Prep 2X Rate + Fall Arsenal Release
Herb + Scalping Site Prep
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After 8 Growing Seasons Significant Suppression has occurred
Plant Pines Only with yaupon, privet, and
waxmyrtle volunteer establishment and Pine cover with needle Litter layer
Herb Site Prep & Missing Tree permits light to
sustain cogongrass
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Age 8 Cogongrass Cover (%)
Check 2x Herb SP + Release
Release Herb SP
Herb SP + Release
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 18
Spring Release with Arsenal AC 0.5 % alone best
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Age 8 Loblolly Volume (ft3 / acre)
Check Release Herb SP
2x Herb SP + Release
Herb SP + Release
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
8% Inc
13% Inc
22% Inc
25% Inc
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What We Learned
• Initial cogongrass control increased with the intensity of treatment and positively increased pine growth.
• Cogongrass re-invaded all plots by year 3 due to absence of eradication even after multiple treatments.
• Scalping site preparation that laid the rhizome mats back as a mound between pine rows sustained the cogongrass longer than other treatments, which is not advised as a useful treatment.
• Dense pine canopies with pine litter layers or pine canopies with woody shrub midstories suppressed cogongrass by an average of 84 to 99 percent after 8 years
• 8-yr pine volumes averaged 25 % greater with multiple treatments compared to the check. This should maintain where woody competition does not occur.
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We Can Establish Loblolly Pine Plantations in Cogongrass Infestations for Suppression