succession a dr. production. ecological succession- the change of communities that follows a...
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Succession
a Dr. Production
Ecological succession- the change of communities that follows a formation of a new, or the disturbance of an area already in existance (plowing, landslide, volcano, fire)
Succession is a "change in the species composition of a community over time."
Primary Succession follows the formation of new land surfaces consisting of rock, lava, volcanic ash, sand, clay, or some other exclusively mineral substrate.
• This means that there is NO SOIL present. • Soil is a mixture of mineral material, decaying organic
material, and living organisms.
Secondary Succession follows the destruction or partial destruction of the vegetation area by some sort of disturbance, like a fire, windstorm, or flood that leaves the soil intact.
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Pioneer species initiate recovery following disturbance in both primary AND secondary successions: LICHENs
Pioneers "pave the way" for later colonists by altering the biotic and abiotic environment:
– soil stabilization – soil nutrient enrichment (organic matter and
biological nitrogen fixation) – increased moisture holding capacity – light availability – temperature – exposure to wind
Species composition tends towards a Climax Community through succession.
The climax community describes an end product of succession that persists until disturbed by environmental change.
Succession occurs at large scales involving higher plants and animals, but may involve microbial communities on a smaller scale. Such as in a compost pile.
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp55/55020.html
Symbiosis
a Dr. Production
A symbiosis is a relationship between two organisms. That relationship can be beneficial to one or both organisms, harmful to one or both organisms, or neutral to one of the organisms.
There are 5 types of symbiosis that you are responsible for understanding for this course…
Symbiosis
Type of Relation-ship
Description Examples
Mutualism
+/+ In this symbiosis both organisms benefit.
Termite and gut protistGrouper cleaning
Commen-salism
+/0 In this symbiosis, one organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Robin and oak treeRemoras & pilot fish
Parasite-Host
+/- In this symbiosis, one organism benefits (parasite) and the other organism (host) is harmed usually gradually but not killed.
Cat and fleaAthlete’s foot fungus and humanIsopod on Soldierfish
Predator- Prey
+/- In this symbiosis, one organism benefits (predator) and the other organism (prey) is harmed usually dying immediately as it is eaten.
Cat and mouseLion and gazelleShark Breach
Competition
-/- While engaged in competition, both organisms are being harmed.Intraspecific competition occurs within the same speciesInterspecific competition occurs between different species
Lion and lion Lion and hyenaHermit Crabs
Identify the Symbiosis:• Ancient Farmers of the Amazon• Octopus Camouflage• Ants and Butterflies • Shark & Loggerhead
Mimic Octopus, 2
Mimic Octopus & Sea Snake
Mimic Octopus & Crinoid
Mimic Octopus & Sea Star
Mimic Octopus & Flounder/Sole
Mimic Octopus & lionfish
What’s the Ecology?
What’s the Ecology?
What’s the Ecology?
What’s the Ecology?