sudan: a new future presbyterian ministry at the united nations
TRANSCRIPT
Ethnicity
African – 52%
Arab – 39%
Beja – 6% (a nomadic people living in the northeast)
Others – 3%
CIA World Factbook
Religion
Muslim – 70% (primarily in north)
Indigenous Beliefs or Animist – 25%
Christian – 5%
CIA World Factbook
Northern Sudan – desert – the Nile is the main water source
Central Sudan (East) – combination of desert grasslands and wooded grasslands
Southern Sudan – mostly forest and wooded grasslands, very fertile due to the White Nile and Sue Jer rivers
Central Sudan (West) – not as arid as the North, a combination of semi-desert grassland, grassland & forest
about 640 a.d.
Islam and Arabs come to Egypt and gradually move southward into region
that became Sudan
1901
United Presbyterian Church of North America missionaries to northern Sudan
Sudan Presbyterian Evangelical Church
1902
United Presbyterian Church of North America missionaries to southern Sudan
Presbyterian Church of Sudan
1956
Sudan granted independence
Troops from southern Sudan mutiny in 1955 before independence is granted
2002Machakos Protocol
Principles of governance
Transitional process and government structures
Right to self-determination for people of southern Sudan
State and religion
2004Wealth Sharing Agreement
Equitable sharing of common wealth and resources
Interstate commerce freedom
Shared commitment to both revenue and debt
2004Protocol on Power Sharing
Reaffirmed commitments in wealth sharing agreement
South Sudan to have power at state level
Recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms
2004United Nations Advance Mission
to SudanAuthorized by Security Council
Resolution 1547
To facilitate contacts with concerned parties
To prepare for the introduction of an envisaged UN peace support operation
Expansion into Darfur in 2006 (Security Council Resolution 1706)
UNMIS expansion failure
Government of Sudan opposed the creation of a UN-only peacekeeping
force
UNAMID – United Nations-African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur
Additional influences on Comprehensive Peace Agreement
(CPA)
Protocol on Resolution of the Conflict in Abyei Area
Protocol on Resolution of Conflict in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States
Agreement on Security Arrangements
Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities and Appendices
Implementation Modalities and Global Implementation Matrix and Appendices
January 9, 2005Comprehensive Peace
AgreementDr. John Garang became First Vice-
President of the Republic of Sudan and President of the semi-autonomous
Government of Southern Sudan
Garang died in airplane accident on August 1, 2005 and was succeeded in
both offices by Lt. Gen. Salva Kiir
Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Southern Sudan semi-autonomous for six years
Referendum on self-determination for Southern Sudan - January 2011
Referendum on self-determination for Abyei
“Popular consultations” for South Kordofan and Blue Nile
July 9, 2011
The Republic of South Sudan
18-21 months of transition
Lean government: maximum of 20 ministries
Power sharing government
PC(USA) and Sudan
Community Health Evangelism
RECONCILESudan Council of Churches
Across
Nile Theological College Giffen Bible School
Challenges
Conflict in Darfur and border areas
Sudan destabilize South Sudan
Oil revenues
Inter-tribal conflict
Leadership