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CarbonDynamicsWorkingGroupSueNatali,WoodsHoleResearchCenter

SueNatali(Chair)–WoodsHoleResearchCenterRoisinCommane--HarvardUniversityMelanieEngram–Univ.ofAlaska,FairbanksJoshuaFisher--NASAJPLJohnGamon--UniversityofAlbertaScoQGoetz--WoodsHoleResearchCenterGuidoGrosse--AlfredWegenerInsStuteFredHuemmrich--NASAGSFC/UMBCJulieJastrow--ArgonneNaSonalLaboratoryTorreJorgenson--AlaskaEcoscienceJohnKimball--UniversityofMontanaPrajnaLindgren–Univ.ofAlaska,FairbanksMichelleMack--NorthernArizonaUniversityFranzMeyer–Univ.ofAlaska,FairbanksChipMiller--NASAJPL

MahtaMoghaddam–Univ.ofSouthernCaliforniaBillMunger--HarvardUniversityNealPas@ck--USGS/EROSDaveRisk--St.FrancisXavierUniversity,CanadaBrendanRogers--WoodsHoleResearchCenterTedSchuur--NorthernArizonaUniversityRobStriegl--UnitedStatesGeologicalSurveySuzanneTank--UniversityofAlbertaSanderVeraverbeke–Univ.ofCalifornia,IrvineKateyWalterAnthony–Univ.ofAlaska,FairbanksJenniferWaHs--NTSG,UniversityofMontanaKimWickland--UnitedStatesGeologicalSurveyEmilyWilson--NASAGSFCLisaWirth–Univ.ofAlaska,FairbanksSteveWofsy--HarvardUniversity

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CarbonDynamicsWorkingGroup

•  Fisher-01(Modeling)•  Gamon-01•  Kimball-04•  Mack-01(Fire)•  Meyer-01•  Miller-C-01,02,03

•  Moghaddam-03•  Munger-03•  Natali-01•  Rogers-01(Fire)•  Striegl-01(Hydrology)•  Wilson-01

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InsStuSonalCollaboraSonsFederal&StateAgencies•  EnvironmentCanada•  NaSonalParkService•  USDA•  USGS•  USFish&WildlifeService•  DOE/NGEE-ArcSc•  DOE/ARMNSA&ARMAirborneFacility•  NOAA•  NaturalResourcesCanada•  NWTGeoscience•  AlaskaDNRDivisionofGeologicalandGeophysicalSurveys

OtherStakeholderOrganiza@ons•  AlbertaBiodiversityMonitoringInsStute•  AlaskaEcoscience•  AtmosphericandEnvironmentalResearch 3

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OverarchingScienceQuesSon

Howarethemagnitudes,fates,andlandatmosphereexchangesofcarbonpools

respondingtoenvironmentalchange,andwhatarethebiogeochemicalmechanismsdriving

thesechanges?

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ScienceQuesSons•  WhatprocessesarecontribuSngtochangesindisturbanceregimesandwhataretheimpactsofthesechanges?

•  WhatprocessesarecontrollingchangesinthedistribuSonandproperSesofpermafrostandwhataretheimpactsofthesechanges?

•  Whatarethecausesandconsequencesofchangesinthehydrologicsystem,specificallytheamount,temporaldistribuSon,anddischargeofsurfaceandsubsurfacewater?

•  HowarefloraandfaunarespondingtochangesinbioScandabioSccondiSons,andwhataretheimpactsonecosystemstructureandfunc@on?

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ResearchThemesDeterminecarboncyclingconsequencesof:1)  Disturbance2)  Permafrostthaw3)  Hydrologicchanges4)  VegetaSonchanges

5)  DeterminespaSotemporalpaQerns&variabilityincarbonfluxes

6)  AssessterrestrialfeedbacksandassociateduncertainSestoclimate(model-dataintegraSon)

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ScienceObjecSves

•  Elucidatehowclimatechangeanddisturbancesinteractwithabove-andbelowgroundcommuni6esandprocessestoaltercarbonbiogeochemistry,includingreleasetosurfacewatersandtheatmosphere(Objec6ve2)–  impactsofsnowdistribuSononcarbonbiogeochemistry(ObjecSve4)

– greeningandbrowningtrendsandtheirimpactsonecosystemformandfuncSon(ObjecSve5)

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FieldSiteLocaSons

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Talltowers

SiteSelec@on1. StrategiclocaSonstoaddresssciencethemes

2. Pre-exisSngnetworks

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FieldMeasurements,overview1.  CarbonfluxesfromterrestrialandaquaScsites2.  Soil&watercarbonpoolsandOMcomposiSon3.  Meteorology4.  Waterenviron.parameters(e.g.,temp,pH)5.  OpScalphenology6.  Soilbiophysicaldata(e.g.,acSvelayer&water

tabledepth,soilmoistureandtemperature)7.  Streamflow&hydrologicalmeasurements.

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FieldMeasurementsPre-exisSngNetworks

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FieldMeasurementsNewGroundMeasurements

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SpaceborneRemoteSensing•  Landcover•  VegetaSonindices(NDVI,EVI)•  PlantproducSvity•  Snowcover•  Surfacetemperature•  Groundfreeze-thawstate•  Soilmoisture•  Albedo•  Surfacereflectance•  AtmosphericCO2andCH4

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AirborneRemoteSensing•  AirMOSS:permafrostsoilproperSes–acSvelayermoisture,freeze-thaw,acSvelayerdepth,organiclayerthickness,anddepthtowatertable(Moghaddam)

•  CARVE:AtmosphericCO2andCH4concentraSonsandfluxesSmates(Miller)

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Modelingefforts

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Modelinggoal:QuanSfypaQernsandvariaSonsincarbonexchangeacrossABoVEregion•  Assessprocesseswithinlocal-scalemodels•  Usemodelstoscaleupfieldmeasurementstothelargerregion•  Integratefielddata&remotesensingw/globalterrestrialbiospheremodels(Fisher)

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Modelingefforts

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TypeofModel ExpectedPredic@ons

Light-useefficiencymodel Changesinplantphenology&produc@vity(Gamon)

Satellite-drivencarbonmodel

CO2&CH4fluxesandenvironmentalcontrolsonthenetecosystemcarbonbudget(Kimball)

Talik,regression&GISmodels

permafrostthaweffectsonCH4releasefromlakes(Meyer)

CommunityLandModel,w/meteorology&seaice:

Impactsofaseasonallyseaice-freeArc@conpermafrost,snowcover,biogeochemicalcycling(Miller)

GeostaSsScalinversemodeling

Netecosystemexchangeandparametersthatexplainvariabilityincarbonfluxes(Miller)

LagrangianparScledispersionmodeling

CO2&CH4fluxfortheMackenziebasin(Miller)

CO2fluxmodelsw/mapofacSvelayerproperSes

Impactofpermafrostsoildynamicsandsurfacehydrologyoncarbonflux(Moghaddam)

Ecosystemmodelofgreenhousegases

assesswhetherchangesinclimateandvegeta@onareleadingtodetectablelargescalechangesincarbonexchange(Munger)

Regression,inversemodel DriversofwinterCO2emissions,responsefuncSons(Natali)

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GeospaSalDataProductsGamon:•  Carbonflux&opScaldatafromcoresites

•  Maps(MODIS,OCO-2):forvegetaSontype,photosyntheScproducSvity,seasonlength(2000-2015,ABoVEdomain-wide)

Kimball•  1kmmapsofdailyCO2fluxes(GPP,NPP,Reco,NEE),wetlandCH4emissions,NetEcosystemCarbon

Balance;annualsurfaceSOCstocks(2003to>2016fortowerssitesandtheABoVEdomain)•  TowerEddyCovarianceCO2&CH4fluxes•  Ecosystemmetrics/indicatorsincludinginsitusoiltemperature&moisturedata

Meyer:•  MulS-temporallayersofgeocodedremotesensingimageryforprojectregion•  Historicalhydro-mulS-temporalhistoricallakeboundaries

•  Lake-boundCH4ebulliSonemissionmaps–alllakeswithinprojectregion•  RegionalSOCstockandCH4emissionvulnerabilitymaps–regionsaroundselectedacSvethermokarst

marginsoflakes•  Present-dayregional-scalenetlakeCH4emissionbudget–projectregion•  EbulliSonfluxdatafrombubbletraps–forfieldstudylakes•  BubbleCH4contentandisotopes–forfieldstudylakes•  Soilcarbondata–forfieldstudylakes

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GeospaSalDataProductsMiller:•  CARVE-AirbornemeasurementsofgreenhousegasesatlocaltoregionalscalesintheAlaskanArcSc•  CARVE:AlaskanFireEmissionsDatabase(AKFED),2001-2013•  QuanSfythe2005-2015changesinpermafrost,carbonfluxes,andenergybalanceintheAlaskanArcScas

ittransiSonsintoaseasonallyseaice-freestate•  BaselinerecordofatmosphericobservaSons,carbonfluxpaQernsandmagnitudesforAlaskanregions

Moghaddam:•  RemotesensingbasedmapsofsoilprofilecharacterisScsinAlaskapermafrostlandscapesusingSme

seriesofairborneP-bandsyntheScapertureradar

Munger:•  Meteorologicalfields,transportfootprints,opSmizedfluxfieldsconstrainedbyatmosphericmixingraSo

dataandvegetaSonremotesensing,idenSficaSonofsignificantanomaliesinecosystemfuncSon(focusedonNorthSlope,2000-present)

Natali:•  MapsofsurfaceproperSesofpermafrostlandscapesforareasstudied•  MulS-scalefreeze-thawproductsforareasstudied•  WinterCO2flux,soilmoisture,temperature,snowdepthofstudysites

Wilson:•  Carbonemissionsofpermafroststudysites

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Otherexpectedproducts/outcomes

•  Openholehazardsmap(Meyer)•  “Cookingfuels”map(Meyer)•  EngagementwithlocalcommuniSesandagencies

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Partnerships,movingforward

Wouldlikeinputonstrengtheninganddevelopingpartnershipswithmanagementagenciesand

AlaskanNaSveorganizaSons

DeveloprelaSonshipstoreducedisturbancefromfieldmonitoringtolocalcommuniSes

MechanismsforpresenSngresultstopartners

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