sugar up

SUGAR UP

QUESTIONS

CONTRAST

• SLOW TWITCH MUSCLES

• Thin fibers• Many mitochondrion• Aerobic• Many myoglobin• Dark Meat• Long Distance runs

• FAST TWITCH MUSCLES

• Thick fibers• Few Mitochondrion• Anaerobic• Few myoglobin• Light Meat• Sprinters, weight

lifting

Where are the bronchioles?

Where are the bronchioles?

#10

Respiratory System

Where is the trachea?

Where is the trachea?

(8)

Where is the diaphragm?

Where is the diaphragm?

(6)

Which is inhalation?

Where does the oxygen enter?

Where does the oxygen enters?

Nose (1) and mouth (2)

Which is the diaphragm relaxing?

What is located at #11?


alveoli


Larynx

(voicebox)


pharynx


R. lung

Respiratory System

• What is another name for the trachea? Where is it?

• Windpipe and located below epiglottis

Respiratory System

• The trachea branches into what two pipes as it enters the lungs?

• Bronchi #5 and #9

• What are the grapelike clusters at the end of the small tubes in the lungs?

• Alveoli (#11)

WHAT IS AT EACH AREA?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.folds

Intermembrane space

(Fold)

What electron carriers are at “D” and at “E”?

“D” = NADH “E” = FADH2 + NADH

What waste gas leaves at “H”?

H = Carbon Dioxide

What processes are at A, B, C?

A (glycolysis) B (Krebs cycle) C (ETC and chemiosmosis)

What is at “A” and “C”?

“A” = ETC “C” = ATP Synthase

Where do the H+ ions collect?

H+ ions collect at “B”

H+

H+

H+H+

Where is the Krebs Cycle?

H+

H+

H+H+

“D” has the Krebs Cycle

H+

H+

H+H+

KREBS CYCLE

What is at “I” “F” “G”?

__I

“I” = 2 ATP, “F”= 2 ATP, “G” = 34 ATP?

What is the difference?

• Between calorie and Calorie?

• calorie = heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

• Calorie = 1000 calories

What is another name for…

• The Krebs Cycle?• A. Calvin Cycle• B. Lactic Acid Cycle• C. Citric Acid Cycle• D. Pyruvic Acid Cycle

• ANSWER: C

Which enzyme…

• Grooms pyruvic acid so it can enter the Krebs cycle?

• A. Lactase• B. Coenzyme A• C. Coenzyme K• D. Protease

• ANSWER: B

What is cut off…

• Pyruvic acid so it can enter the Krebs cycle?

• A. oxygen• B. nitrogen• C. hydroxide• D. carbon

• ANSWER: D

Which process…

• Means “sugar breaking?”

•A. glycolysis

• B. Krebs cycle• C. ETC• D. chemiosmosis

• ANSWER: A

What process…

• Regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue?

• A. Krebs cycle• B. fermentation• C. glycolysis• D. chemiosmosis

• ANSWER: B

1. Which process is the anaerobic one in yeast?

• A. glycolysis• B. Krebs Cycle• C. Chemiosmosis• D. ETC• E. alcoholic fermentation• F. lactic acid fermentation

• ANSWER: alcoholic fermentation

2.Which is the movement of H+ ions across ATP synthase?


• ANSWER: chemiosmosis

3. Which is the splitting of glucose into two 3-carbon compounds?


• ANSWER: glycolysis

4. Which is also called the citric acid cycle?


• ANSWER: Krebs cycle

5. Which is the movement of electrons from high energy to low?


• ANSWER: ETC

6. Which is the anaerobic process in animals’ muscles?


• ANSWER: lactic acid fermentation

1. How many carbons are in each pyruvic acid molecule?

• 2 3 6 34 38 40

• ANSWER: 3

2. How many ATP’s are formed when one molecule of glucose

break down (net) in glycolysis only?

• 2 3 6 34 38 40

• ANSWER: 2 (net)

3. How many ATP’s are formed during the ETC and chemiosmosis?

• 2 3 6 34 38 40

• ANSWER: 34

4. How many net ATP’s are formed from the breakdown of one glucose

molecule TOTAL from cellular respiration (Krebs +

ETC/chemiosmosis) and glycolysis?

• 2 3 6 34 38 40

• ANSWER: 38

5. How many ATP’s are needed to get the glucose in glycolysis to start

breaking down?

• 2 3 6 34 38 40

• ANSWER: 2

1. Where does FERMENTATION occur?

• A. Cytoplasm

• B. Matrix

• C. Inner membrane of mitochondrion

• D. Intermembrane space of mitochondrion

• ANSWER: cytoplasm (fermentation and glycolysis)

2. Where does Krebs CYCLE occur?

• A. Cytoplasm

• B. Matrix



• ANSWER: matrix

3. Where does ETC occur?

• A. Cytoplasm

• B. Matrix



• ANSWER: inner membrane

4. Where do H+ ions collect before they pass through the ATP

synthase? • A. Cytoplasm

• B. Matrix



• ANSWER: intermembrane space

5. Where is the ATP synthase located??

• A. Cytoplasm

• B. Matrix



• ANSWER: inner membrane

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

• C6H12O6 + 6 O2

•

• 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

• + ATP

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

• C6H12O6 + 6 O2

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

Which electron carriers are in glycolysis?

• FADH NADH

• NADH

• Which electron carriers are in Krebs cycle?

• BOTH NADH and FADH2

What is the electron carrier?

• FOR GLYCOLYSIS?

• NADH

• FOR KREBS CYCLE?

• NADH and FADH2

What is the final electron acceptor of the ETC?

• A. oxygen• B. NAD+• C. FAD• D. Matt Vinson

• ANSWER: oxygen

Where do each of these come from to form water in cellular

respiration?

• H+• NADH and FADH2

• Oxygen• Breathing in• Electrons• NADH and FADH2 (released to ETC)• Matt Vinson

1. What 2-C product is at the end of glycolysis?

• Pyruvic acid

• Carbon dioxide

• Water

• Ethanol

• Mark Dohner

• ANSWER: pyruvic acid

2. What is the product at the end of ETC/chemiosmosis with H+ and

with oxygen?• Pyruvic acid

• ATP

• Water

• Carbon dioxide

• ANSWER: water

3. What product forms with ethanol (ethyl alcohol) in yeast

fermentation?• ATP

• Water

• Carbon dioxide

• Ethanol

• ANSWER: carbon dioxide

4. What product forms at the end of anaerobic fermentation in muscles

of animals?• Carbon dioxide• Water• Pyruvic acid• Lactic acid• Ethanol

• ANSWER: lactic acid

5. What forms as a waste product liquid in yeast only if oxygen is not

present when pyruvic acid is fermented?

• Ethanol

• Carbon dioxide

• Lactic acid

• Water

• ANSWER: ethanol

ADP

• HOW DIFFERENT IS ATP?

• ANSWER: ATP has one more phosphate attached

• ATP stores more energy

NAD+

• HOW DIFFERENT IS NADH?

• Answer: NADH Picked up electrons and hydrogen.

FAD

• How different is FADH2 ?

• ANSWER: FADH2 has picked up electrons and hydrogen.

Glucose

• How different is pyruvic acid?

• ANSWER: Glucose is 6-C and pyruvic acid is 3-C made from glucose splitting.

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic?

• A. with oxygen• B. without oxygen

• ANSWER: anaerobic is without oxygen

• Aerobic is with oxygen

When electrons are passed in the ETC, what direction does the

energy flow?• Low to high

• High to low

• Even throughout

• ANSWER: High to low

What is phosphorylation?

• Addition of a phosphate• Addition of a hydrogen• Addition of an oxygen

• ANSWER: Addition of a phosphate• Like ADP + P = ATP• Adding P to glucose to break into pyruvic acid

Where does it take place?

• 1. cellular respiration• 2. Krebs cycle• 3. lactic acid

fermentation• 4. alcoholic

fermentation

• 5. gives off CO2 as a waste product

CHOICES:• C = cytoplasm• M = mitochondrion• IM = inner

membrane• IMS = inter

membrane space• MX = matrix


• 1. cellular respiration

• 2. Krebs cycle• 3. lactic acid

fermentation• 4. alcoholic

fermentation

• 5. gives off CO2 as a waste product

• M

• MX

• C

• C

• MX


• ETC

• Glycolysis

• Citric acid cycle

• NADH and FADH2

(gives up e-)

• H+ ions collect when NADH and FADH2 give up e-

CHOICES:

• C = cytoplasm

• M = mitochondrion

• IM = inner membrane

• IMS = inter membrane space

• MX = matrix


• ETC

• Glycolysis

• Citric acid cycle

• NADH and FADH2

(gives up e-)

• H+ ions collect when NADH and FADH2 give up e-

• IM

• C

• MX

• MX to IM

• IMS

What number?2 3 4 6 34 38

ATP to start glycolysis?

ANSWER: 2

Total ATP made from glycolysis to pyruvic acid?

ANSWER: 4


Net ATP made from glucose to pyruvic acid?

ANSWER: 2

ATP from Krebs cycle?

ANSWER: 2


ATP from ETC and chemiosmosis?

ANSWER: 34

Total ATP from one glucose broken down (glycolysis + Krebs cycle + ETC/chemiosmosis) ?

ANSWER:38


Number of carbons in glucose?

ANSWER: 6

Number of carbons in pyruvic acid?

ANSWER: 3

What molecule is it?

• That grooms pyruvic acid to enter the Krebs cycle?

ANSWER: coenzyme A


That is the final (ultimate) electron acceptor?

ANSWER: oxygen


That forms when pyruvic acid breaks down in muscles (anaerobically)?

ANSWER: lactic acid

What 2 molecules…

• That form when pyruvic acid breaks down in yeasts (anaerobically)?

• ANSWER: carbon dioxide and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)


• An electron carrier formed from glycolysis?

• ANSWER:NAD+ to NADH


• 2 electron carriers formed in the Krebs cycle?

• ANSWER: NADH and FADH2

What molecule…

• Forms after H+ ions go through ATP synthase?

• ANSWER: ATP


• That is formed after H+ ions join with oxygen?

• ANSWER: H2O


• That forms as a one-carbon waste product in the Krebs cycle?

• ANSWER: carbon dioxide


• That is a 6-carbon molecule that forms temporarily in the Krebs cycle (2-C acetyl CoA and a 4-C compound)?

• ANSWER: citric acid

Is it ANAEROBIC OR AEROBIC?

• Glycolysis

• Krebs cycle

• Chemiosmosis

• Fermentation

• ETC

• Anaerobic

• Aerobic

• Aerobic

• Anaerobic

• Aerobic

Which is the form in each that is

filled carrying e-?• NAD+ or NADH?

• FADH2 or FAD?

• ANSWER: NADH and FADH2

As e- go down the ETC, do they do it…?

• Gradually (step by step)

• OR

• Quickly (all at once)?

• ANSWER: gradually

Pyruvic acid gets “cut and groomed” by what and to go

where?

• ANSWER:

• BY Coenzyme A to go into the Krebs cycle

What is chemiosmosis?

• The diffusion of _____________ from ______ concentration to ___________ concentration across a ________________.

• ANSWER: H+ ions, High to Low, membrane

Where do the H+ ions collect after the NADH and FADH2

dropped them off and they got pulled to here?

• ANSWER:

• Intermembrane Space

sugar up

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