sugarcane breeding and varieties in the sugar association...
TRANSCRIPT
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Sugarcane Breeding and Varieties in the Sugar Association of Caribbean (SAC) Industries and Prospects for the Future
P. Seshagiri Rao
West Indies Central Sugar Cane Breeding Station, Barbados
WIST,Jamaica,.20080424
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Noble Breeding • 1888 discovery of sugarcane seedlings in
Barbados• Noble breeding initiated
(Barbados and Guyana)• Early noble varieties
– BH10(12), Ba11569– D75, Diamond 10
• Followed by inter-specific breeding from early 1920s
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75 years (1932-2007) Regional Sugarcane Breeding
• 1932 Establishment of regional British West Indies Central Sugar Cane Breeding Station
• 1962 SAC ownership, expansion & continuous support of the West Indies Central Sugar Cane Breeding Station (CBS)
• Guyana D variety breeding programme
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WICSCBS
JamaicaSIRI
St. KittsSSMC
TrinidadRESS
BarbadosARVTU
GuyanaGARC
BelizeBSIL
OtherCountries
West Indies Sugarcane Breeding and Evaluation Network, WISBEN
SACSugar Association
of Caribbean
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West Indies Sugarcane Breeding and Evaluation Network Countries
• Guyana, Trinidad, Barbados, St Kitts, Jamaica, Belize
• Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominican Republic• Panama, Nicaragua, Cost Rica• CIRAD: Senegal, Cameroon, Chad, Mali+• Sudan, Uganda• Papua New Guinea
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Cane Breeding Station, Barbados
• Facilities: – Office, Labs, 16 Ha land
• Staff:– Director/Senior Plant Breeder– Pant Breeder– Geneticist– Scientific and Technical Assistants (4 )– Support staff
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Sugarcane Breeding
• Germplasm(3,700): Species, high fibre, high quality and commercial parental varieties
• Crossing, fuzz distribution, variety exchange• Genetic base broadening, breeding for high
sucrose, fibre and biomass yield• Breeding and selection methods research• Assistance to the SAC variety selection and
testing stations, cane breeding workshops
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SAC Variety Selection and Testing Stations
• Breeding and selection Unit of Guyana Sugar Corporation
• Agronomy Research and Variety Testing Unit of Barbados Agricultural Management Co.
• Variety Improvement Department of SIRI, SIA, Jamaica
• Belize Sugar Industry Limited, Belize• Caroni Research Station, Trinidad• St Kitts Sugar Manufacturing Company
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Breeding Challenges
• Cane yield• Sucrose content• Disease resistance• Ratooning• Mechanisation• Adaptation• Other characteristics
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Variety Selection and Testing Stations
• Decentralised selection of 20 to 60K sdlgs• Fuzz germination, raising seedlings• Early stages (1,2 or 1,2,3) of selection• Advanced yield trials-preliminary & final• Variety propagation, extension• Testing for diseases and pests• Variety distribution & monitoring
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Varieties with Wider Adaptation
BH10(12)- T, B, SK, J, POJ2878- G, JB34104- G, T, B, SK, J B37161- G, T, B, SK, JB37172- T, J B4098- G, BB41211- B, SK B41227- G, T, JB4362- G, T, J B45151- B, SKB 49119- T, B, SK, J B59136- SK, BLZHJ5741- G, T, SK, J, BLZ B62163- T, B, SKB63118- G, T, B, SK B79474- B, BLZDB7047- G, SK DB7869- G, T
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in Guyana from 1945-2005
DIAMOND 10
POJ2878
Co419Co421
B 34104
B 37161
B 4098
B 41227
B 4362 B 47258
D141/46
B 51116
D158/41
D38/57
HJ5741
DB414/60
DB66113
B 63118
DB671760
DB7160
DB7869
DB75159
DB7047
DB70172D 89138
D 7661
D 8415D 9017
DB83119 R 570
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Perc
ent A
rea
Others
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in Guyana from 1985-2005
DB7869
DB66113
DB75159
DB7047B 41227
DB7160D 15841
D 8415
DB70172
DB671760
B 63118
D 14146 D 4946
D 7661
D 3857
D 89138
DB83119 D 9017 R 570
OTHERS
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%19
85
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Perc
ent A
rea
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in Barbados from 1945-2005
B 34104B 37187
B 37161
B 4098
B 41211
B 45151
B 4744
B 49119
B 52107
B 54142
B 60267
B 62163
B 63118
B 59162
B 80689
B 77602
B 74541
B 80251
B 82238
B 79474B 71383 B 78436
B 881607B 89132
B 89447
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Perc
ent
Are
a
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in Barbados from 1985-2005
B 62163
B 80689
B 77602
B 74541
B 80251
B 82238
B 79474B 63118
B 85764 B 78436B 71383
B 73382
B 84930B 85266
B 85747
B 89132
B 89447
B 881602
B 881607
B 85877
OTHERS
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%19
85
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Perc
ent A
rea
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in Jamaica from 1945-2005
BH10(12)
POJ2878
B 3439
B 34104
B 37161
B 37172
B 41227
B 42231
B 4362
Co331
B 49119
B 51129
B 51410
B 51415
HJ5741
UCW54/65
BJ7015
BJ7013
BJ7504
BJ7465
BJ7452BJ7627
BJ78100
BJ8226
BJ82119
BJ8252 BJ82156
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Perc
ent
Are
a
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in Jamaica from 1985-2005
B 51129B 51415
B 41227
BJ6642
BJ7013 BJ7015BJ7314
BJ7451 BJ7452
BJ7465
BJ7504BJ7627
UCW5465
BJ7262
BJ8226
BJ82119
BJ7938
BJ6732
B 51410 BJ82156BJ78100
BJ8252
OTHERS
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%19
85
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Perc
ent A
rea
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Percent Area occupied by Varieties in Belize from 1975-2005
B 52298
POJ2878
MEX5932
B 64278
PR1048B 67128
CP701133
CP721312
Q 90
B 59136
BJ5927
BJ5721
HJ5741
B 79474
BBZ8257
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Perc
ent
Are
a
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in Trinidad from 1945-2005
BH10(12)
CO213
B 3337
B 34104
B 37161B 37172
B 41227
B 4362
B 49119
B 50112HJ5741
BT64134
B 63118
B 62163
DB66113
BT74209
BT72842 B 80689
BJ7015 BT871646
DB7869
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Perc
ent
Are
a
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Percent Area Occupied by Varieties in St. Kitts from 1945-2005
BH10(12)
B 2935
B 3439
B 34104
B 37161
B 41211
B 4534
B 45188
B 45151
B 47419
B 49119
B 56102
B 59136
B 5863
B 5970
B 51129
HJ5741
B 67215
B 63371
B 63118B
74125
B 78208
B 69566
B 75466
B 76251
B 62163 B 76621
DB7047
B 83262
B 71191
BJ7504
DB7160
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Perc
ent A
rea
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New Sugar Cane Industries
• Value added products with sugar• Multi-purpose (MPC) varieties with higher
sugar, fibre and biomass yield• Current MPC varieties are not custom made• Possible to breed MPC varieties with the
available parental germplasm but need time• Breeders and variety selectors need to know
very early what kind of varieties are needed by the emerging sugar cane industries
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Reasons for CBS Success
• Long history• SAC continuous support • long service of CBS staff • Large germplasm• Efficient breeding systems • Scientific support to the VTSs• Genetic base broadening and breeding for high
sucrose programmes • Genetic variability to breed varieties for emerging
sugar cane industries
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Conclusions
• Regional variety testing stations selected much needed productive varieties
• Varietal change in the recent times has been slow in some countries
• Support from SAC and regional industries should continue
• New industries will demand additional support for variety improvement programmes
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Thank you