Textbook 15

Based on their gender, nouns are classified into three types – masculine,

feminine and neuter. The specific mention of the noun’s gender is found in

Sanskrit lexicons such as Amara-koça. However, some rules are given here for

the students’ easy comprehension.

2.1 pui‘¼> – Masculine Gender NounsWords which end with A>, #> and %> are usually masculine gender nouns. Thetwo vertical dots (>) are called ‘visarga’. When words end with A>, they arecalled akäränta-pulliìga; when they end with #>, they are called ikäränta-pulliìga; and when they end with %>, they are called ukäränta-pulliìga.

Masculine Nouns Feminine Nouns Neuter Nouns

%> $ Am!

zBda>Nouns

pui‘¼> ôIil¼> npu

#> AaA>

zBda>Nouns

16 Easy Sanskrit

2.2 SÇIil¼> – Feminine Gender NounsWords that end with Aa and $ are usually feminine gender nouns (äkäränta-stréliìga and ékäränta-stréliìga).

2.3 npu – Neuter Gender NounsWords that end with Am! are usually neuter gender nouns (akäränta-napuàsakaliìga).

Masculine Gender NounsWords ending with A> Words ending with #> Words ending with %>1. Aj> 1. Air> 1. #NÊ>2. AwR> 2. kiv> 2. gué>3. ram> 3. pit> 3. té>4. kr> 4. muin> 4. zMÉu>5. Ët> 5. Ai¶> 5. irpu>Feminine Gender NounsWords ending with Aa Words ending with $1. ÉayaR 1. ndI2. Daya 2. narI3. maya 3. pTnI4. icNta 4. pavRtI

Neuter Gender NounsWords ending with Am!1. icÇm!2. Évnm!3. ]eÇm!4. %pvnm!

Textbook 17

More Masculine Gender Nouns

1. Aj> – Goat2. AwR> – Meaning3. Als> – Lazy person4. Anl> – Fire5. Anug> – Follower6. Añ> – Horse7. Axr> – Lip8. jy> – Victory9. Air> – Enemy10. Ainl> – Wind11. AiÉÉv> – Overpowering12. AacayR> – Teacher13. Aadez> – Order14. AadzR> – Mirror15. Aahar> – Food16. #NÊ> – Moon17. %*m> – Effort18. A»‚r> – Sprout19. kak> – Crow20. kNÊk> – Ball21. kvaq> – Door22. kiv> – Poet

23. kal> – Time24. kIq> – Worm25. kªp> – Well26. k«;Ivl> – Farmer27. kez> – Hair28. kaeivd> – Expert29. kaez> – Treasure30. or> – Donkey31. og> – Bird32. ol> – Wicked man33. gayk> – Singer34. "q> – Pot35. ºa[> – Nose36. ctur> – Clever37. c]u> – Eye38. icÇk> – Leopard39. caer> – Thief40. jld> – Cloud41. jng[> – Community42. jNtu> – A creature43. té> – Tree44. tu;ar> – Dew, mist

18 Easy Sanskrit

45. d]> – Expert46. di][hSt> – Right hand47. dzn> – Tooth48. Ët> – Messenger49. nq> – Actor50. nr> – Man51. nairkel> – Coconut52. naivk> – Boat-man53. n&pit> – King54. pit> – Husband55. p]> – Wing56. pqu> – Smart person57. praepkar> – Helping others58. prapkar> – Harming others59. pai[> – Hand, palm60. iv*aly> – School61. pavk> – Fire62. àatraz> – Breakfast63. ANtk> – Yama64. bal> – Boy65. ÉKt> – Devotee66. Éq> – Soldier

67. Éek> – Frog68. smuÔ> – Ocean69. mStk> – Head70. me;pal> – Shepherd71. mae"> – Vain72. yit> – Saint73. rw> – Chariot74. irKt> – Empty75. irpu> – Enemy76. laek> – World77. v]> – Chest78. vqv&]> – Banyan tree79. vTs> – Calf80. vamhSt> – Left hand81. vat> – Wind82. ivvad> – Dispute83. iv¹> – Obstacle84. ivzal> – Big85. Vyayam> – Exercise86. zail> – Paddy87. zakiqk> – Cart-man88. izzu> – Child

Textbook 19

89. zMÉu> – Lord Çiva90. sr> – Tank91. SkNx> – Shoulder

92. har> – Garland93. hIrk> – Diamond

More Feminine Gender Nouns

1. AqvI – Forest2. Aaza – Desire3. kNya – Girl4. ktRrI – Scissor5. k…iÂka – Key6. kaEmudI – Moonlight7. "{qa – Bell8. icNta – Worry9. cUfa – Crest10. jnnI – Mother11. devta – Goddess12. xra – Earth13. xaÇI – Nurse14. narI – Woman15. nasa – Nose16. naEka – Boat17. pTnI – Wife18. piÇka – Letter19. peiqka – Box

20. ÉayaR – Wife21. mhI – Earth22. mala – Garland23. m&;a – Falsehood24. m&iÄka – Clay25. mexa – Memory26. lúmI – Lakñmé27. vaihnI – Army28. vataR – News29. iv*a – Knowledge30. vIwI – Street31. vedna – Pain32. zkRra – Sugar33. zv›rI – Night34. zaoa – Branch35. zu{fa – Trunk36. sÉa – Assembly37. Sp&ha – Desire

20 Easy Sanskrit

More Neuter Gender Nouns

1. A]rm! – Syllable2. Aijnm! – Deer-skin3. AMbrm! – Sky4. An&tm! – Falsehood5. AXyynm! – Study6. Aannm! – Face7. AaÉÉÉÉÉr[m! – Ornament8. %Ärm! – Answer9. %*anm! – Garden10. %drm! – Stomach11. %pvnm! – Garden12. Aaednm! – Cooked rice13. AaE;xm! – Medicine14. kgRlm! – Paper15. kNdm! – Root16. klÇm! – Wife17. klevrm! – Body18. kmRg&hm! – Work-place19. kaVym! – Poetry20. k…{flm! – Earring21. kaEzlm! – Skill22. kaeqrm! – Hollow of a

tree

23. gaÇm! – Body24. gaepurm! – Tower25. "&tm! – Ghee26. icÇm! – Picture27. c³m! – Wheel28. DÇm! – Umbrella29. iDÔm! – Hole30. jQrm! – Belly31. t&[m! – Grass32. taeym! – Water33. ÊGxm! – Milk34. xnm! – Wealth35. xaNym! – Grain36. xEyRm! – Courage37. n]Çm! – Star38. nynm! – Eye39. nIfm! – Nest40. ngrm! – City41. pdm! – Step42. pÃrm! – Cage43. p[Rm! – Leaf44. paÇm! – Vessel45. patkm! – Sin

Textbook 21

46. pu:pm! – Flower47. )lm! – Fruit48. bNxnm! – Bondage49. Évnm! – House50. mULym! – Price51. maedkm! – Sweet ball52. yaejnm! – 8 miles53. llaqm! – Forehead54. lv[m! – Salt55. laecnm! – Eye56. vdnm! – Face57. vSÇm! – Dress

58. ivñm! – World59. zkqm! – Cart60. zakm! – Vegetable61. sahsm! – Bravery62. saepanm! – Step, stairs63. SvCDm! – Clean64. ihmm! – Snow65. ]Irm! – Milk66. ]eÇm! – Field67. }anm! – Knowledge

1. kdlI)lm! – Banana 6. Anans)lm! – Pineapple2. nar¼)lm! – Orange 7. daifm)lm! – Pomegranate3. inMbUk)lm! – Lemon 8. bhubIj)lm! – Guava4. Ôa]a)lm! – Grape 9. Aaè)lm! – Mango5. pns)lm! – Jackfruit

)lain – Fruits

m&ga> – Animals1. xenu> – Cow2. k…Kk…r> – Dog3. gj> – Elephant

4. majaRr> – Cat5. is – Lion6. vanr> – Monkey

22 Easy Sanskrit

7. mU;k> – Rat 12. zz> – Rabbit8. Vyaº> – Tiger 13. gdRÉ> – Donkey9. %:q+> – Camel 14. vrah> – Pig10. hir[> – Deer 15. z&gal> – Fox11. ÉLlUk> – Bear 16. v&k> – Wolf

pi][> – Birds1. h – Swan 7. k…Kk…qI – Hen2. myUr> – Peacock 8. kpaet> – Dove3. kaeikl> – Cuckoo 9. %lUk> – Owl4. zuk> – Parrot 10. bk> – Crane5. kak> – Crow 11. cqk> – Sparrow6. k…Kk…q> – Cock

àai[n> – (Other) Living Beings1. m{fUk> – Frog 7. g&hgaeixka – House lizard2. mTSy> – Fish 8. v&iík> – Scorpion3. kªmR> – Tortoise 9. mi]ka – Fly4. mkr> – Crocodile 10. mzk> – Mosquito5. spR> – Snake 11. mxukr> – Honeybee6. kkRq> – Crab 12. ippIilka – Ant

v[aR> – Colours1. k«:[> – Black 2. ñet> – White

Textbook 23

3. pIt> – Yellow 6. paql> – Rose4. hirt> – Green 7. nIl> – Blue5. k;ay> – Orange 8. rKt> – Red

v&]a> – Trees1. Aaèv&]> – Mango tree 5. vqv&]> – Banyan tree2. talv&]> – Palm tree 6. AZvTwv&]> – Peepal tree3. pnsv&]> – Jack tree 7. nairkelv&]> – Coconut tree4. kdlIv&]> – Banana tree

zrIrSy A¼ain – Parts of the Body1. izr> – Head 8. hSt> – Hand2. neÇm! – Eye 9. A¼‚lI – Finger3. ïaeÇm! – Ear 10. no> – Nail4. naiska – Nose 11. k{Q> – Neck5. muom! – Mouth 12. %drm! – Belly6. dNt> – Teeth 13. ^é> – Thigh7. ijþa – Tongue 14. pad> – Leg

pu:pai[ – Flowers1. kmlm! – Lotus 4. miLlka – Jasmine2. jpak…summ! – Hibiscus 5. sUyRkaiNt> – Sunflower3. gulavpu:pm! – Rose

24 Easy Sanskrit

rsa> – Tastes1. mxur> – Sweet 4. AMl> – Sour2. k;ay> – Astringent 5. itKt> – Bitter3 . kqu> – Pungent 6. lv[> – Salty

idza> – Directions1. %Ära – North 3. piZcma – West2. pUvaR – East 4. di][a – South

vasra> – Days1. rivvasr> – Sunday 5. guévasr> – Thursday2. saemvasr> – Monday 6. zu³vasr> – Friday3. m¼lvasr> – Tuesday 7. zinvasr> – Saturday4. buxvasr> – Wednesday

vahnain – Vehicles1. kar!yanm! – Car 5. iÇci³ka – Auto2. zkqm! – Cart 6. naEka – Boat3 . ivmanm! – Aeroplane 7. mhanaEka – Ship4. laekyanm! – Bus

g&hm! – House1. iÉiÄ> – Wall 3. #iòka – Brick2. Did> – Roof 4. vataynm! – Window

Textbook 25

5. kvaqm! – Door 7. Öarm! – Entrance6. saepanm! – Steps 8. %pvnm! – Garden

k…quMb> – Family

iv*aly> - School1. AXyapk> – Teacher (M) 7. k«:[)lkm! – Blackboard2. AXyaipka – Teacher (F) 8. puStkm! – Book3. DaÇ> – Student (M) 9. A]rm! – Letter, syllable4. DaÇa – Student (F) 10. A»nI – Pencil5. %TpIiQka – Table 11. leonI – Pen6. AasNd> – Chair

\tu> – Season1. hemNt> – Winter 4. ¢I:m> – Summer2. izizr> – Cold season 5. v;aR – Rainy season3. vsNt> – Spring 6. zrt! – Autumn

1. ipta – Father2. mata – Mother3. iptamh> – (Paternal)

Grandfather

4. iptamhI – (Paternal)Grandmother

5. Anuja – Younger sister6. Anuj> – Younger brother7. A¢j> – Elder brother8. A¢ja – Elder sister

26 Easy Sanskrit

mas> – Month1. magRzI;R> – November-December 7. Jyeó> – May-June2. paE;> – December-January 8. Aa;aF> – June-July3. ma"> – January-February 9. ïav[> – July-August4. )aLgun> – February-March 10. ÉaÔpd> – August-September5. cEÇ> – March-April 11. Aaiñn> – September-October6. vEzao> – April-May 12. kaiÄRk> – October-November