sumerian architecture - 4

7/24/2019 Sumerian Architecture - 4

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WEST ASIATICARCHITECTURE2500 600 B.C


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The West Asiatic civilization mainl s!"ea# in the $e"tilelan#s o$ the t%o lon& "ive"s Ti&"is an# E'!h"ates %hich canto&ethe" some (60 )m $"om thei" mo'ths #e!ositin& "ichall'vial soil alon& lo%e" !lains. This #ist"ict %as name# as*eso!otamia its no"th !a"t is )no%n as A))a# an# that o$so'th as S'me". The "ich all'vial lan#s o$ *eso!otamiast"etche# $"om the +e"sian ,'l$ an# )no%n as -e"tileC"escent - %hich $o"me# the c"a#le o$ civilisation.


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THE ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE OF WEST ASIATICDEVELOPED FROM 3000 B.C. TO 330 B.C. IN THE

FOLLOWING PERIOD /

Ea"l S'me"ian 1000 2000 B.C.

3l# Ba4lonian 20(6 (55 B.C. eoBa4lonian 626 /51 B.C.

Ass"ian (75 626 B.C

+e"sian 850 110 B.C


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SU*ERIA +ERI39


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THE SUMERIANS WERE +E3+:E WH3 :I;E9 I

MESOPOTAMIAACIET IRA THREAT OFATTACKS> E*ER,ECE 3 STRONG LEADERSHIP

SKILLS. DISCOVERY OF SEALS A9 3THER 3B?ECTS I9ICATES

AR REACHI, TRADING NETWORK

IRRIGATION VIA DAMSTERRACI, 3 U9U:ATI,:A9 3R CU:TI;ATI3.

ITR39UCTI3


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THEIR ARCHITECTURA: ACHIE;E*ETS ARE URBANPLANNING,THE COURTYARD HOUSE> A9 ZIGGURAT STEPPYRAMIDS.

THE SU*ERIAS WERE AWARE 3 'THE CRAFT OF BUILDING'

THE= TH3U,HT CRAFTAS A DIVINE GIFTT3 *E B= THE,39S.

@I,,URATS WERE HU,E PYRAMIDAL TEMPLET3WERSHA;I, THE 3R* 3 A TERRACE9 STE+ +=RA*I9 3SUCCESSI;E:= RECE9I, ST3RIES 3R :E;E:S.

THERE ARE 32 ZIGGURATS 3W. TWET=/EI,HT 3 THE*ARE I IRA A9 3UR 3 THE* ARE I IRA.

3TAB:E @I,,URATS IC:U9E THE ,REAT @I,,URAT 3 URNEAR NASIRIYAH, IRA, THE ZIGGURAT OF AAR UFNEAR BAGHDAD, IRA, CHOGHA ZANBIL IN KH!ZEST"N,

IRAN. SU*ERIA ARCHITECTURE BECA*E AS FOUNDATION FORTHE

BABYLONIAN, PERSIAN, ISLAMIC> HURRIA> U,ARITIC>ASS=RIA> A9 T3 A CERTAI ETET WESTERNARCHITECTURES.


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THIS S*A:: 3B?ECT5 D 6 D> *A9E3UT 3 S3T ST3E>

IS THE HEA9 3 AEWE 3R E*A:ESHEE+ CAR;E9 B= ASU*ERIASCU:+T3R> +ERHA+SI URU> *3RE

THA 5000 =EARSA,3 WHE SUCHAI*A:S WERE

ESSETIA: T3HU*A SUR;I;A:.

WE EE9 T3I*A,IE THE ETIREI,URE> ITS B39=ITACT> A9 S3STA9I, 2 T3 1 -HI,H A9 HA;I,

AB3UT THE SA*E:E,TH.

SUMERIANSTATUETTE, TELLASMAR 2#00 2$00BCE

MADE OF GYPSUMINLAID WITH SHELL% BLACK

SCU:+TURA: I*A,ES ARE *3RE3R*A::= ABSTRACT THA THE EWE>

THEIR U++ER A9 :3WER T3RS3S WE9,ESHA+E9> :IE THE CHARACTERS 3

SU*ERIA CUEI3R* WRITI,> A9THEIR *3ST STRII, EATURES AREETRE*E:= +R3*IET E=ES A9RITUA::= 3:9E9> A:*3ST WRI9I,HA9S> SEE*I:,:= E+RESSI;E 3 ACERTAI AIET=.THE SU*ERIAS STRU,,:E9 WITH A

H3ST 3 ISECURITIES I A :A9 WHEREATURE> +ARTICU:AR:= THE WEATHER>;ACI:ATE9 WI:9:= BETWEEBEE;3:ECE A9 *A:E;3:ECE.


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URBA C3**UITIES 9E;E:3+E9 AR3U9RE:I,I3US SHRIE> THE 9WE::I, +:ACES3 THE ,39S A9 THE RE+3SIT3RIES 3SUR+:US 339 ST3RES> :EA9I, T3 THE9E;E:3+*ET 3 *3U*ETA: TE*+:EC3*+:EES AT THE HEAR9 3 SU*ERIACITIES.

ERI9U WAS THEIR 3:9EST CIT= ITS3RI,IA: *39EST SHRIE WASSUCCESSI;E:= E:AR,E9 TI:: AB3UT 1700BCE.

TE+E ,AWRA> F500 *I:ES T3 ITS 3RTH>EATURE9 A ACR3+3:IS WITH 2 TE*+:ES>A SHRIE G 9WE::I, H3USES. ITS *A?3RBUI:9I,9 3R*R9 A -U SHA+E9 3+E

C3URT> THEIR ASCA9ES ARTICU:ATE9 B=BUTTRESSI, +I:ASTERS THATSTRE,THEE9 THE *U9 BRIC WA::S.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THEACROPOLIS, TEPE GAWRA,

SUMER 3&00 BCE

AS *3ST SU*ERIABUI:9I,S WERE *A9E3 SU 9RIE9 *U9BRIC> *UCH 3SU*ERIAARCHITECTURE IS3W B= ITS3U9ATI3S G :3WERSECTI3S 3 WA::S.

R33S WEREABRICATE9 R3* :I,HTWEI,HT W339E*E*BERS 3R REE9

BU9:ES THAT S+AE9:I*ITE9 9ISTACES> S3THERE WERE 3 :AR,EITERI3R S+ACES.

I B3TH SU*ERIA G:ATER *ES3+3TA*IAARCHITECTURE>I*+3RTAT BUI:9I,S

WERE ,I;EA99ITI3A: 9URABI:IT=B= HA;I, WEATHERRESISTAT CASI,S3RE THE *U9 BRICS>A9 WERE RAISE9 3ARTIICIA: +:AT3R*SI*+ARTI, THE*,REATER 9I,IT=.

WHITE TEMPLE ATURUK, MESOPOTAMIA300 3000 BCE

THE WHITE TE*+:E ATURU IS BUI:T 3 A 0HI,H BASE 3 RUBB:ER3* EAR:IER BUI:9I,S.IT HAS A +R3TECTI;E C3AT3 WHITEWASH 3;ER THE

S:3+I, EARTH WA::SC3;ERE9 WITH SU 9RIE9BRIC.


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UR IT WAS THE I*+3RTAT SU*ERIA CIT= STATE:3CATE9 EAR THE *39ER T3W 3 ASIRI=A IS3UTHER IRA


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THE H3USES 3 THE 3R9IAR= +3+U:ATI3 WERE SET I 9ES:=+ACE9 EI,HB3URH339S. +:AS WERE R3U,H:= 3RTH3,3A:> A9H3USES WERE C3STRUCTE9 AR3U9 3+E C3URT=AR9S THAT+R3;I9E9 :I,HT A9 ;ETI:ATI3. THE H3USES +RESETE9 A B:AWA:: T3 THE STREET> THEREB= *AITAII, +RI;AC=.

WALLED CITY OF UR,MESOPOTAMIA2(00 BCE

PLAN OF THERESIDENTIAL

UARTERS


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ZIGGURAT AT UR (RECONSTRUCTED)2*00 BCE

IT IS 3E 3 THE BEST +RESER;E9 @I,,URATS.

THE +3+U:ATI3 :3W C3U:9 3BSER;E THE

+RIEST:= +R3CESSI3S U+ THE SUCCESSI;E:I,HTS 3 STAIRS T3 THE TE*+:E 3 THEU++ER *3ST +:AT3R*

*AI EATUREJ :E;E:S> +I:ASTERS G +ARA+ETS.

ITS C3RE IS SU 9RIE9 BRIC> 3;ER:AI9 WITHA 3UTER :A=ER 3 I: IRE9 BRIC A9BITU*E > AS +R3TECTI3 A,AIST WEATHER.S3*ETI*ES BITU*E> REE9 *ATTI, 3R R3+E

WAS USE9 3R B39I, THE *U9 BRICS.

R3* A RECTA,U:AR BASE THE @I,,URATR3SE WITH BATTERE9 3R IWAR9 S:3+I,WA::S I A SERIES 3 STE++E9 +:AT3R*S>CU:*IATI, A HI,H TE*+:E AT THE T3+.

A :I,HT 3 STE+S SET I THE CETER 3 3ESI9E A3R9E9 ACCESS T3 THE TE*+:E.

3 LONG STAIRWARS CONVERGED ATTHE TOWER GATE AT THE LEVEL OFTHE FIRST PLATFORM

S+-/- 1+ 4/5 +/265765 3-5/--78/, 9+18+ 64: +1 ;-1/9/-/ 7449/5 78/65.3"i&inal ht F 80

Base K 200 L (50


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ASS=RIAARCHITECTURE


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I (710 BCE> THE ;I,3R3US I93/EUR3+EAHITUTES 3;ERRA BAB=:3 A9 T33 3;ER3RTHER *ES3+3TA*IA. ARTHER S3UTH> THESE*ITIC S+EAI, ASS=RIAS T33 C3TR3:A9 ESTAB:ISHE9 CA+ITA:S. STR3,:=

3RTIIE9 CITA9E:S BUI:T 3R EACH CA+ITA:RE:ECT THE ASS=RIAS RE:ET:ESS WARRI,AS WE:: AS THE RUTH:ESS CHARACTER 3 THEIRI,S.

PLAN OF THE PALACE,KHORSABAD,

ASSYRIA (IRA) 820 BCE

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE

PALACEKHORSABAD

3RTIIE9 WA::S EC:3SE THE+A:ACE. THE R3=A: AU9IECE HA::WAS REACHE9 THR3U,H ASE


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+"oto/Ionic Col'm

+"oto/Ionic Ca!ital $"om Ass"ian Sc'l!t'

+"oto/Co"inthian Ca!ital $"omAss"ian Sc'l!t'"e.


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+ERSIA ARCHITECTURE


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A*3, THE *3STSI,IICAT RE*AIS

AT +ERSE+3:IS AREJTHE ,ATE 3 A::ATI3SA+A9AA +A:ACETHE THR3E HA::+A:ACE 3 9ARIUS+A:ACE 3 ERES

PLAN OF THE PALACE ATPRESEPOLIS, PERSIA (IRAN)5(7 BCE

THIS ,REAT C3*+:E WASCREATE9 B= AT :EAST 1+ERSIA *3ARCHS AS 3E3 THE CA+ITA:S 3 THE+ERSIA E*+IRE. ITS RUISRE;EA: ARCHITECTURA:I:UECES R3* 3THERCU:TURES I *ES3+3TA*IA>3B:= THE HITTITES A9ASS=RIAS> AS WE:: AS THE

PRESIPOLIS


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Col'mn $"om+e"se!olis>East an# West+o"ticoes

Col'mn $"om+e"se!olis> o"th+o"tico


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At the 4e&innin& o$ (thcent'" B.C. Amo"ites a noma#ic t"i4e$"om S"ian #ese"t $o'n#e# thei" M"st 9nast in Ba4lon -&ate%a o$ the ,o# ol# Ba4ila> -4a4 meanin& -&ate an# -ilio$ the &o#.

The cit ha# a ci"c'm$e"ence o$ at least (7 )m . It %as s'""o'n#e# 4

a canal actin& as a moat . It %as also !"otecte# 4 h'&e "am!a"t%alls %hich %e"e mo"e than 76 )m in len&th an# !"ovi#e# %ith


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Each ei&ht &ate%as %as !"otecte# 4 #iNe"ent &o#s> themain !alace an# &ate %e"e #e#icate# to Ishta"> the &o##esso$ :ove an# Battle.


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The"e %e"e-Han&in& ,a"#ens600 B.C. 4'ilt 4in&e4'cha#nezza".

His %i$e %as homesic) $o" the hills an#%oo#lan#s o$ he"native co'nt".The occ'!ie# ana"ea o$ 285 m L

(71m an# sit'ate#nea" the E'!h"ates"ive"> in the &"eat!alace o$e4'cha#nezza".


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The te""ace&a"#ens !late#%ith Oo%e"s an#t"ees %ith the4ea'ti$'l $o'ntains

%e"e 25m to (00ma4ove the &"o'n# .Wate" sto"e# inthe "ese"voi" onthe to! an#s'!!lie# th"o'&h!i!es .

The ,"ee)s #esc"i4e# them as one o$ the seven%on#e"s o$ the ancient %o"l#.


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WRITE SH3RT 3TE 3 J/

@i&&'"ats %ith s)etches Han&in& &a"#en o$ Ba4lonian %ith

s)etches

+lannin& o$ !alace o$ )ho"sah4a# %iths)etches

sumerian architecture - 4

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