Chapter-VI

Summarg arnf Conc{usion

Chapter 6

Summary and Conclusion

6.1 Introduction:

A periodic market is an authorized gathering of buyer, sellers and commodities meeting

at an appointed place at particular intervals of time period. These are trading markets, in

practice most of periodic markets meet daily and once or twice a week. An unorganized

group of merchants and sellers visit market sites on the market days and the get

employment in whole week. However there are some limitations in movement of sellers

distance is one of them which affect both the sellers and buyers. Distance affects the

supply as well as the costs of goods. In marketing system the distance is not only a

distance but it is turned into economic distance. Economic distance is determined by time

and fare from the distance of market centres to the site of settlement. A market is based

on the supply and demand model; the supply and demand is based on the linkages

between buyers and sellers. Two types of linkages act as determinants in linking between

sellers and buyers. These linkages search the origin and destination of goods and

services, from where the goods are bought to be sold and where they go to be consumed.

In both cases the means of transportation and communication determined the linkages of

marketing system.

Since commodity is the centre point of marketing system, all activities revolve around the

commodity thus it is more important to know about commodity and its classification. A

good is physical product that can be used to satisfy some desire or need. It can be

contrasted with a service which is insubstantial, whereas a good is a tangible physical

product, capable of being delivered to a purchaser and involves the transfer of ownership

from seller to customer. On the basis on longevity commodity is classified in durable and

non-durable goods.

171

6.2 Summary of Chapters:

The present study has been studied through six chapters including the present chapter.

The salient aspects of the study, methodology and analysis of each of the chapters have

been discussed follows -

First chapter is the introductory part of the study which describes the theoretical aspects

of periodic markets, its meaning, characteristics, functions and linkages. The chapter has

also studied the market information system, commodity and its classification.

To show the impact of research in society, it is important to deal with the study area and

its constituents. The area of study is 'National Capital Region', comprised by fourteen

districts of four states including NCT Delhi. The study area is a planning region which is

governed by NCRPB (National Capital Region Planning Board) Ministry of urban

development. For research convenience the research area has been divided in four

physiographic regions with excluding of NCT Delhi and the NCT Delhi has been studied

separately. Since the NCR is not an administrative region therefore we have to follows

the district boundary to divide the study area. The study area is economically very

dynamic and socially vibrant. Here there is exposition of traditional and modern

marketing systems.

The introduction chapter highlights the main objectives of the study, data base, sources of

data and maps, research methodology, research design and research questions. The

second part of introduction contains a summary of literature survey and the hypotheses

drawn there from.

Second chapter is the focussed on spatial distribution of rural periodic markets in NCR

The main objectives of this chapter is to identify the regional and spatial distribution of

rural periodic markets in region. To analyze the spatial and regional distribution of

periodic markets in NCR the Toposheets of Survey of India and NATMO maps are used.

To analyse the pattern of distribution of rural periodic markets the principle of Nearest

Neighbour Analysis has been applied.

To know about the actual condition of markets in rural areas in NCR, primary survey was

conducted at market level. There have been 12 markets selected from the different

districts of study area. The data collected through the questioners have been used to

illustrate the commodity structure and commodity flow of the markets.

172

There are 303 rural periodic markets, which are distributed in four different

physiographic regions of NCR. Most of the markets are located in Ganga-Yamuna Doab

followed by Hindan-Yamuna Doab, South-West region and North-West region. The

distribution pattern of periodic markets in the region is in random form. The 'R' value

shows that the region has random distribution of periodic markets. Largest average size

of periodic markets in terms of area is located in North-western region followed by

South-western region, Ganga-Yamuna Doab and Hindan-Yamuna Doab. Expectedly the

largest periodicities are distributed in the region of Ganga-Yamuna Doab followed by

Hindan-Yamuna doab, South-West region and North-West region. The maximum

numbers of markets are held on daily basis. In periodic markets most of the shops belong

to non-durable goods. Most of the buyers and sellers belong to the age group of 50-60

years. Most of the buyers come to the market on their own foot and sellers use bicycles to

carry their goods.

Third chapter entitled with 'Spatial Distribution of Urban Periodic Markets in National

Capital Territory'. The chapter deals with the distribution of urban periodic markets in

NCT Delhi. Along with distribution, periodicity of markets and commodity structure of

surveyed markets of different vendor zones of NCT. In all fourteen market sites were

selected from the twelve vendor zones. Details of market centres are explained on the

basis of data which are collected from the primary survey and observations of market

places. To analyze and represent the commodity structure of the periodic markets in

NCT, the bars and pie diagrams have been used. To analyze the actual distribution of

periodic markets in NCT the Toposheets of Survey of India and NATMO maps are used

to analyse the type of distribution of urban periodic markets. To find out their distribution

the N.N.A. (Nearest Neighbour Analysis) has been used.

There are 223 urban periodic markets distributed in twelve different vendor zones of

NCT Delhi. Most of the markets are in Rohini zone followed by Najafgarh, Shahadara

North, West zone, Shahadara south, Civil line, South zone, Central zone, City zone,

Karol Bag and Narela zone. In NCT the markets are organized on every day, held on

different place and sites, but most of the markets are organized on Fridays. Spatial

distribution of markets is determined by the 'R' value shows that the region has random

distribution of periodic markets. Janakpuri C-block has the largest market in surveyed

173

markets and Paharganj main market is the smallest market. In periodic markets most of

the shops belong to non-durable goods. Most of the buyers and sellers belong to the age

group of 40-50 years. Most of the buyers come to the market on their own foot and sellers

use bicycles to carry their goods.

The fourth chapter 'NCR- Rural Periodic Market: Network and Linkages, a case Study'

the chapter deals with the network and linkages of the rural periodic market of Misra

Garhi village in Ghaziabad district. The chapter gives details buyers profile, sellers

profile and the pattern of commodity flow based on the data collected from I 00 buyers

and 100 sellers in the markets. Bars and pie diagrams have been used to present data.

Simple correlation coefficients have been worked out among variables like age, origin

distance from the market, mode of transportations and carriers, and types of commodity;

purchased and sold. The market is held every Wednesday of the week in evening. It has

a good supply chain with the Ghaziabad city. The sellers generally procure their supply

from the Ghaziabad, New Delhi, Hapur and Meerut. Readymade and handmade garments

are generally procured from the New Delhi and Ghaziabad. Vegetables and fruits are

procured from the Hapur and Meerut.

In the study the correlation values support the positive correlation between sex of buyers

and age of buyers. Age of buyer is positively correlated with mode of transportation and

expenditure of buyer is negatively correlated with age of buyers. Origin distance of

buyers has moderate and negative correlations with mode of transportation and

expenditure of buyers in the shop. Mode of transportation has positive correlations with

expenditure of buyers in the shops and number of market visited by buyers. Number of

market visited by buyers has positive and moderate correlations with the type of

commodity.

In seller profile the correlation values support the negative correlation between sex of

sellers and age of sellers. Sex of sellers has positive correlations with origin distance of

sellers, number of male buyers at the shops and number of markets visited by sellers. Age

of sellers has moderate and negative correlation with number of visited markets. Origin

distance of sellers has positive and moderate correlation with mode of carriers.

174

Chapter-5, NCT- Urban Periodic Market: Network and Linkages, a case Study, this

chapter is focused on the different aspects of buyers and sellers of market. To show the

real profiles of buyers, sellers and commodity the bar and pie diagrams have been used.

Present chapter is also focusing the correlations among variables like age, origin distance,

mode of transpirations and carriers and types of commodity of buyers and sellers. To

show correlations the statistical analyses have been used.

In the study the correlation values shows the negative and significant relationship

between sex of buyers and age of buyers. Sex of buyers is positively correlated with

origin distance of buyers. Sex of sellers has the negative correlation with mode of

carriers. Mode of carriers and number of visited markets has significantly negative

correlation.

Sixth chapter is Summary and Conclusion is concluding part of research, which IS

summarizing the results and findings of study on chapter level.

6.3 Summary of the Major Findings:

After analysing the present study we get some findings that are follows.

1. There are more variations in the distribution of population and settlements within

and between physiographic regions.

2. Largest average size of market places are found in North-Western region with the

area of 2781.2 hect.2 Smallest average size of markets is distributed in Ganga­

Yamuna Doab with the area of 594.5 hect.2

3. There are 2 markets of quarterly basis; the interval meeting of these markets is on 4

months. And there is a six-monthly market in Gohana Rural in Rohtak District. On

the ground level many the rural periodic markets in Haryana and Rajasthan have

been dismantled and same time some newly markets are organized.

4. Some markets that were organized in rural areas now they are annexed by urban

regions.

5. Firojpur Jhirka (Mewat) is the largest periodic market in NCR within the surveyed

markets which is a cattle market.

6. Highest proportions rural periodic markets are distributed in the Uttar Pradesh part

of NCR.

175

7. Pattern of distribution of rural periodic markets and urban periodic markets in the

region is random.

8. There is not a single authorized urban periodic market in area of NDMC (New

Delhi Municipal Council).

9. Larger numbers of shops of Non-durable goods are found in comparison of durable

goods in periodic markets.

10. Saturday Market of Janakpuri C-block is the largest urban periodic Market in all

the surveyed markets.

11. Rohini Vendor Zone has the highest number (45) of Urban Periodic Markets and

Narela Zone has only three Urban Periodic Markets.

176

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