Trainor's Training on Formulation of LocalClimate Change Action Plan (LCCAP)

(LGA Training Center, UPLB, College Laguna December 3-6, 2012

Summary of Proceedings

Introduction

The LGA Training Center was constructed in 1957. Barangay Development Workers were deployed to different communities and eventually participated in government services. They started training at various home sites and continued specialized trainings in the training center (LGA).

Data on climate change have been found in science. About 48 climate change action plans were planned up to date. This large number of plans resulted to slow-phase implementation. Modules on climate change were already made. But, LGUs should still develop their own plans and mainstream them to the existing plans of the government.

This training aims to help the implementation of Climate Change Action Plans (CCAPs) of the LGUs. In general, there are many LGUs that need to be informed further with science and technology before they fully implement LCCAPs. This could enhance the capacity of LGUs on disaster risk reduction and management and climate change adaptation.

Climate change should be everybody’s concern. Climate change adaptation is one of the many major concerns of the government. This phenomenon cuts across different sectors and this is the reason why we should start the acts for adaptation as soon as possible. The roll-out on Climate Change Action Planning will start next year. DILG and support LRI will do the planning. Academic institutions have also started connecting to the LGUs in their respective areas.

Summary of the Message of Atty. Ma. Generosa Mislang

Atty. Ma. Generosa Lang mentioned that as a result of the extreme events and tragedies experienced from typhoons like Ondoy, Sendong and Ormoc flash floods, the DILG was mandated to formulate and address disaster-risk management, and to assist LGUs in formulating the LCCAP. As it cannot be done alone by the DILG, the help of the academe and NGO were tapped to make the action plan science-based. This would enable them to learn more tools that are needed in teaching the LGUs to be better equipped in responding to disasters and extreme events related to climate change.

She informed the group that related to environmental lawyering in the Philippines, Haribon, a non-stock, non-profit organization, deals with the legal aspects of environmental law. It is important to build capacities of the LGUs to formulate and implement environmental laws.

As LGUs cannot implement their plans without the necessary funds, DILG thought of partnering with the academe to build capacities of LGUs on environmental governance. So various state colleges and universities nationwide, and also those from the private sector like the Ateneo de Davao, De La Salle in Bacolod were invited to attend the trainors training.

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Summary of the Welcome Remarks of Ms. Maribel Sacendoncillo

Ms. Maribel Sacendoncillo, the Director of the Local Government Academy (LGA) gave a brief history of the LGA. According to her, the Training Center was constructed in 1957. She mentioned that during the time of Pres. Magsaysay, there had been a live-in training for the local development officers who were then called Barangay Development Workers.

When the Training Center was turned-over to LGUs in 1988, it became the Local Government Academy.

The Climate Change Act provided that LGUs formulate Climate Change Action Plan. But the plan has to be founded on data available. She pointed out that in developed countries, the plans are implemented, and mistakes are committed in the process, but they learn from their mistakes. Unlike in the Philippines, where we have excellent plans, but they are not implemented.

The law requires that LGUs should formulate and implement local climate change action plan. The trainor's training is on enhancing LGU capacity on disaster-risk reduction and management and climate change adaptation. This would help LGUs address concerns on climate change and how they will mainstream their plan to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). The plan should be influenced by science and technologies. UPLB and CPAf have the scientists on climate change.

There had been initiatives from NGOs like Tanggol Kalikasan, but these are on a limited scale only, not nationwide.

There is a need to adapt and be resilient to climate change. LGUs should be business-friendly and competitive, socially protective, empowered and accountable. Competitiveness is affected by climate change.

LGUs can be efficient, accountable, transparent and effective if there is a strong DILG with strengthened internal organizational capacity.

Secretary Mar Roxas wants that roll-out of the training be done until the first semester of 2013. So it has to be finished as by May, there is an election and DILG will have to train the next set of LGU officials.

She ended by quoting former DILG Sec. Robredo. When he was the mayor of Naga City, he said: “ Our political history is that we have left the future of our country in the best of people, however, the gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen. Let us continue to be heroes among ordinary people and heroes among ourselves.”

Summary of Issues and Concerns Raised in the Open Forum after each Presentation

After each paper presentation, there was an open forum. Some of the trainor participants asked questions, raised issues and/or shared some of their experiences to which the paper presentor responded appropriately. Sometimes, the trainors from DILG and UPLB gave additional comments.

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Q – QuestionA – AnswerC – Comment

Module 1 Topic: Review of the Climate Change and Updates on Response Actions (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Rosa Perez, Ph D

Earth is livable because of the presence of water and atmosphere. Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere regulates the heat.

The greenhouse effect which is responsible for absorbing heat is actually good but like any other things, when too much, may cause disaster. Too much GHG will lead to global warming.

Some GHG naturally exist and some are solely emitted by human activities (CFG). Climate is different from weather. Climate is what we expect while weather is what we get.

Both are different in different parts of the earth. Climate as a resource contributes to our daily living. It is also hazardous at times and leads

to disasters. Lastly, it is a global common, meaning no one is to be blamed when it worsens.

Q: What are some examples of Chloro Fluorinated Gases?

A: Chemicals that are mostly in spray cans used by humans. Examples are hair spray, insecticides and pesticides, perfumes, and more.

1. The concentration of carbon dioxide increases during hot seasons and decreases during cold seasons. This is called the fluctuation of GHG. During the 1990s, however, there was a big change in the fluctuation because of the increase in GHG emission from human activities.

2. It was predicted that in 50 years, temperature will continuously increase due to the unrestricted fossil fuel burning.

3. Climate, climate change, and climate variability are different from each other. Climate is standard in 30 years; climate change in ten years; and climate variability in year-to-year basis.

4. Climate change is inter-generational, global, long term, and not fully scientific due to human intervention and human activities.

Q: Scientists have two sides. Some of them believe in the existing studies regarding climatechange and some of them do not. Which side will we stand?

A: The numbers have definitely changed in time. Now, most of them believe it to be true because of the scientific data that were released. Those that do not believe, most likely, are the people who have not seen and studied the data yet.

1. Extreme events happen 5% or less of the time and are associated with global warming.2. Does Philippine climate change? Yes. Based on statistics, it has been hotter over time while

the variability in rainfall has been hard to predict.3. Climate change projections today are hotter summers and wetter rainy seasons that most

likely lead to flood.

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4. Disaster Risk Reduction Management and Climate Change Action Planning can influence many factors and sectors in our community.

Q: What are the bases why Visayas and Mindanao are put into the hot-spot?

A: Its location - the water around and the heat and rainfall capacity of the two.

Module 2 - Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Topic: Integrated Water Resources Management and the Role of LGUs (with power ppt. presentation) Speaker: Edwin Combalizer, Ph D (for Chancellor Victor Cruz)

IWRM – watershed as physical framework Over the years, water is becoming scarce (especially during summer), polluted and more

saline due to domestic wastes, and expensive to develop because of lack of technical skills. Water-related disasters are intensifying (drought, heavy flood, soil erosion, and health risk). Forest and water have direct relationship. Watershed degradation is the main problem.

Causes: erosive upland agriculture, land conversion, destructive mining, and illegal logging.Effects: land erosion, water degradation, and loss of biodiversity.

Disaster Management in the Philippines:1. LGUs must enforce zoning ordinances.2. LGUs must lead the conservation of upland.3. LGUs must enforce environmental laws.4. LGUs must engage in environmental monitoring system.5. LGUs must mobilize and unite all stakeholders.6. LGUs must lead multi-stakeholder planning and management.

Q: What if LGUs don’t make actions?

A: I believe that the creation of River Water Management Council will be of help. Once it started, everything else will follow. Sometimes, it all goes to motivation.

Q: Is there any endorsement on delineation of watershed?

A: The boundaries of municipalities and provinces are by the natural resources found in the area. It’s best if the municipal officials within the watershed area talk regarding this.

C: If LGUs do not initiate, NGAs do it.

C: Protected Area Management Group of DENR mandates the protected areas even if it belongs tothe watershed. It is important to know who mandates the area, and not just the LGUs. There shoud be matching and the plan should be approved by all the members of the management group before implementing it.

Q: (from DILG Region 6): Some LGUs do not want to be included in the planning of CCA becausethey cannot see their physical connection. How do we know that one should be included or be concerned in it?

A: There are many simulated boundaries within the river basin. For those LGUs that do not want to be a part, they should not be pushed. They might be the cause of destruction for the council.

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Later on, they might appreciate the council anyway. It’s an issue of commitment.

C: (from DILG-CAR): NGAs should monitor and follow through the progress that LGUs make. LGUs are very political in nature resulting to slow progress. The efforts are forming anyway.

Q: What if LGUs and stakeholders don’t make any actions?

A: Then, the third party will take the duties. If no one will make any action, no council will be formed.

Module 3 - Harmonization of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Topic: Harmonizing Climate Change Act and Disaster Risk Reduction Management in a Local Government Context (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Aser B. Javier, PhD

Risks profile of the Philippines is very high in almost all disaster lists. Section 2, RA 9729: Mandate of Climate Change Act and Disaster Risk Reduction

Harmonization Government is busier on its internal affairs (election and such) than focusing on the

problems of the environment. Links between CCA and DRR: Common goal, Climate variability, and Systems approach “The important thing is WHY the merge, and not WHOM to merge. Goals should be set

first.” Key areas of harmonization: (1) Understanding of CCA and DRRM, (2) Enabling

environment for implementation, (3) Funding and resource access, (4) Information, collection, utilization, and dissemination, and (5) Integrated CCA and DRRM plans

First, cooperation is needed. If we are going to spend PhP2.2B on CCA and DRRM, then let’s directly go to national level.Second, information dissemination is a must more especially to LGUs.(see ppt. for the key areas discussion)

Let us target the vulnerable communities. The problem is there are national programs which adhere to the problems of the general population, not focusing on the problems of the vulnerable communities. This creates a “reward the losers and punish the winners” tendency.

LGUs should connect to the appropriate units. There are not many policies on CCA and DRR. Government mostly focuses on budgeting. Municipal-wide programs on CCA and DRR do not target vulnerable communities.

Philippines is not even within the top 40 recipients of humanitarian aid in CCA and DRR. The problem is lack of proper action plan proposal. We should know how to bring in international money to fund and support CCA and DRR in our vulnerable communities.Value of Additionality, an approach which focuses financial services in the vulnerable communities. We should bring financial and non-financial services back to the banks.

Bridging science to create science-based decisions. Social and political marketing plans should be established to connect and answer the different interests of the communities.

It is more likely to help and work when an act translates to the social and financial progress of a community.

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Q: Is it really going to be effective and efficient if LGUs plan their own CCA?

A: Yes, it might help. But first, there should be information dissemination. The problems likely start with the lack of information regarding Climate Change. Second, we should go back to assessing our capacity before any planning happens.

Q: (from Bulacan): Does the collaboration of various national government units have a role?

A: Yes, there is. But we should focus on the main government units and institutions, and of course on local government units. Start on the basic level always.

Module 4Topic: The Rationalized Local Planning System (RLPS) and the Local Climate Change Planning Action Planning: An Overview (with ppt. presentation)Speaker: Mr. Edward Templonuevo

Current state of local planning in the Philippines:- Inactive Local Development Council (LDC)- Indifferent/unsupportive sanggunian- Lack or absence of vertical and horizontal linkages- Weak planning on budget- Multiplicity of plans

There are so many plans by NGA but only few are feasible for LGUs to implement. The local planning structure is made up of political and technical components. Political

components are the policy making units while the technical components provide the technical side or the contents.

Two approaches in mainstreaming CCA and DRR: conventional and alternative Implementing tools of comprehensive planning: taxation, regulations, and public

investments

Q: Is it okay if there are no plans for DRR and CCA?

A: There is no law for making DRR and CCA plans. But local governments should make plans because it’s for the welfare of the people.

C: The plans that were presented are actually good but they also depend on the internal capacity. Good plans are properly implemented when given much time.

Q: What could we do about the lack?

A: We have continuing capability enhancement programs. Three projects were funded but still on pilot basis. We rely on our regional offices. But because of lack of budget, we can’t sustain trainings for all LGUs. We are asking help from other sectors regarding this.

C: DILG will take care of the municipalities. Since the academe will help, we ought to know not only CCA and DRR, but also all the basic information. NEDA is in charge for provincial units.

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Module 5/7 – Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change Related Events and Identification of Adaptation Options/Tools/Methodologies for Exposure, Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment 5a and 7a. Topic: GIS and Agriculture (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Steve Godilan, Ph D

In 2009, the Philippines ranks 10th highly at risk to climate change and extreme events worldwide. Now, we rank 3rd, based on indicators such as exposure, susceptibility, coping capacities, and adaptation capacity.

If there is drought, prices of corn increases because our corn comes from the US. We have to reduce our gas emission by 2%. 70% of US population doesn't believe in climate change, but with recent disasters, they now

believe. The challenge is how to feed the 9 billion people in 2050. Our lands decrease because of

conversion. We need climate-smart agriculture. Studies have shown that effective investment in agriculture could be three times more

beneficial in terms of growth than other sectors. The trend is increasing tropical storm intensity and increasing heat waves. The evidence is

unequivocal. 20°C tipping point, there is no turning back when that point is reached What is happening in climate negotiations? In Cancun, Mexico in December 2010,

reduction of 25-40% by rich countries of gas emission is based on pledges (non-binding) and not science-based.

Without fast action, and with pledges alone, indications point to 3-5% rise in temperature. Because of melting ice, Canada's land area is increasing, agricultural lands are increasing. Vietnam suffers salt water intrusion and this threatens food security. We should not live by rice alone. Our rice imports – 2.5 million metric tons Mindanao, our food basket becomes dry. Also, typhoons now go in that direction. Northern

Luzon becomes wetter. We need to adapt, mitigate and anticipate. The problem with cloud seeding is the changing direction of winds, resulting to rains

pouring over tobacco fields and corn failure. CO2 releases are linked to agriculture - deforestation and land use. Protein content of grain decreases under combined increase of temperture and CO2.

Concentration of iron and zinc which are important for human and animal nutrition would decrease.

Public access to maps and information is critical factor in saving loss of lives and properties.

PhP250 M was loaned by Marikina government to clean Marikina after Ondoy, but if the towns upstream will not act, Ondoy tragedy will be repeated as 90% of Marikina watershed is not in Marikina.

- 500 sacks of charcoal goes down from Marikina watershed daily (? pls check) - 70-80% of population is still using charcoal in cooking

Climate change effects will last for 200 years, so we need to adapt. We need to change our cropping patterns as exteme rain falls during 'ber' months, the time

of harvesting.

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- Mitigation means reduce gas emission – plant fruit trees, change our established cropping methods.

Watershed management is shared responsibilty, shared water rights Payment for environmental services for the protection of wtersheds We need to look from rivers to reefs. Strategic priorities are food security, water sufficiency,etc. Recommendations:

- Climate information system for agriculture and fisheries - R&D for adaptive tools and practices - Climate-resilient agriculture and fishery infrastructures - Pray

Pinoy Farmers strategies: - Climate-resilient rice - Rain water harvesting - System of rice intensification - Pray

Mitigating methane emissions - alternative wetting and drying - DA initiatives: promotion of organic agriculture and food staple sufficiency program - Satellite image with 1 meter resolution now budgeted by DA

Q: In Indonesia, they induce the rain while the storm (?) is still out in the sea. Why can't it be done in the Philippines?

A: The Netherlands is 5 meters below the sea level but they are not flooded. There are

technologies that we do not adopt in the Philippines, because we have no money. Also, in Vietnam, they have a 50-year plan. In the Philippines, the plan is only for short-term, based on the term of the politicians.

Q: Are there existing practices that are sustainable and can inspire other LGUs?

A: The Filipinos can easily adapt and are innovative, but lack money.The Philippines have big loans, billions US $. For interest alone, some $350 B are paid. Why not ask them to use 50 % of the interest for adaptation?

Q: Mindanao is not affected by typhoons before, but now we are beset by super typhoons like Pablo.

A: Do you have disaster plan? They were not obliged to make disaster plan. There is the 5% budget allocation that can be accessed for disaster plan.

C: (participant from a private university) We do not have agriculture, but we are very much into governance.C: There are many dams in Bohol that serve 4 thousand hectares out of their 4,700 ha agricultural lands. In a meeting with NIA we found out that there is no data for some 750 ha. The problem is on data. Some areas already suffer drought, but they don't have the data about it. Also, some three thousand sacks of urea will be given to us, but it is in conflict with our local

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program on organic agriculture.

A: There is a need for DA, DENR, NIA, DTI, LGUs and DILG to talk together. There is irrigation but there is no water as they did not look on the watershed. DA has PhP45 billion but up to now it's not used up. Next year they would have PhP75 billion.

There is a need to have convergence, concerned agencies should plan together, and to have an alliance among upstream and downstream LGUs.

Small impounding reservoirs can be put up. According to the United Nations, we have the best environmental laws in the world, but the problem is no funds. I hope LGA's plans will be funded.

Q: Does DA have a program in the uplands? Best practices can be adopted, like mangrove reforestation.

A: The problem is jurisdiction, so the University has to be engaged in data-base collection. Theproblem is when the mayor loses in the election, the data base is erased. So it is important that the data base is with the academe, as long-term climate data are needed.

This training could be the start of convergence. Make proposal on IEC and submit to DA.

C: We found difficulty and got complaints when we asked data for CLUP. We even had levelling- off with DA and HLURB. We even indicated in the invitation to the mayor that we need the MENRO.

A: To address this, the DILG and the LRIs can be involved in the coordination.

Q: Is there a program at DA about planting now and pay later? Does DA have a data base on thelist of beneficiaries? This could help prevent the coming in of big enterprises putting up dummies. Programs do not reach those in the remote areas which have fertile lands.

A: If the LGU provided wrong data, then funds may not go to where they are supposed to go.

We should help the DA, as DA has the technicians, the personnel, and food security is important. It is equal to national security.In Vietnam, communities are obliged to plant. In the Philippines, you will be charged of human rights violation if you do that.

C: In regions 2, 3, we converge, and the academe participate in data base convergence for planning purposes.

C: On GIS capacity, LGUs and SUCs, international and local NGOs' coordination is veryimportant. Planning is highly concentrated in UP. I suggest regionalization and localization of planning.

C: Geography is a dying discipline.

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Q: What are the effective ways of teaching planning capability in the regions and LGUs?

A: In the US maps are given free. Private sector develops their data base. In the Philippines, itshould start with the academe with public support. We have no official map. In the US, during President Clinton's time, they made a base map. Then he announced that it would be the official map of the US.

In our case our maps will not align (hindi tugma). We have many maps. DENR has a separate one, the Bureau of Statistics, etc. have another maps.

Q: Is there a way to standardize color coding in mapping?

A: It is not standardized. There is an international protocol.

Module 5 – Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change Related Events and Identification of Adaptation Options 5b. Topic: Forestry and the Environment (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Florencia Pulhin, Ph D

Forest lands cover 15.805 M ha or 53% of total land area. Out of this 7.168 M ha are covered with forests (FMB, 2011)

Potential adaptation strategies: a) mainstreaming climate change in forest management on local policies and programs; b) securing sustainable financing mechanism e.g., collect payment for water bills for forest protection and rehabilitation; c) IEC on climate change and forests and natural eco-systems among stakeholders; and d) generation of climate data.

Current state of Philippine forests is alarming.

C: We do not know if community-based forest management (CBFM) has prospered. We have a project funded by Germans on mainstreaming climate change on local plans.

All sectors have to look at the watershed level, involving all LGUs within the watershed so that they can identify activities to address climate change.

Q: How can synergy and strong collaboration among LGUs be done to push for an alliance like a Development Authority, giving them more powers to regulate?

C: It has been found out that under Mahogany trees, Bagtikan and Lauan grow. There is a need to study whether Mahogany which is not endemic in the Philippines is invasive or whther it does harm or good.

Q: What is natural eco-system? What areas are for eco-tourism?

A: Natural ecosystem includes coastal areas. It also includes whatever are in the forests, watersheds, mangroves, and protected areas where there are tourism areas.C: In region 1, they are coming out with cave management for eco-tourism and economic purposes.

C: We need to have adaptation strategies to address potential adverse impacts.

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Module 5 5c. Topic: Coastal Zones (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Rosa T. Perez, Ph D

Factors affecting vulnerability include exposure, sensitivity, potential impacts and adaptive capacity

- Manila Bay- the problem is subsidence because of excessive water. Collect information on sea level rise (inundation); temperature and climate change

projections for extreme events in 2020 and 2050. Downscale climate change projections for extreme events at the LGU level. This

information can be requested from PAG-ASA. Climate change action strategies: coastal land and water use zoning Typical adaptation strategies:

1. Structural means - infrastructure development e.g., upgrading of bridges; building of walls against tsunami 2. Non-structural – climate-smart agriculture long-term planning; providing farmers drought-tolerant varieties; training on water-saving methods; coastal resource management: land use planning, early warning system, expanding local agriculture, improving disaster-risk reduction and preparedness

Module 5 5d. Topic: Vulnerability and Adaptation Tools (Health Sector) (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Jet Lorenzo (?)

We looked at the province of Rizal, Palawan and Pangasinan. Vulnerability assessment tools: Climate change is based on temperature, rainfall and water

level rise. Climate change may be irreversible and may have serious health effects. Health impact assesment models require multi-disciplinary approach. When there is health problem, you can quantify losses. Disability life adjusted Years (DALY): approximately 290 DALY per 1,000 population Mosquito net treated with insecticide to prevent malaria

Q: A Filipino discovered that a type of mosquito when united with dengue-carrier mosquito willproduce mosquitos without wings, thereby controlling dengue mosquito population. Can studies like this be funded?

A: It is possible that there is no malaria in the barangay, but a carrier exists in the barangay. So the disease can spread out in the barangay if someone inflicted with malaria comes in and he is bitten by the carrier.

Q: (from private university): It is a good research activity for our college of nursing. Are there funds for this that we can access?

A: Our vulnerability project is funded by AusAid, channeled thru NEDA. Funds can be obtainedfrom the government and private grants. Funding agencies also mandate to partner with the

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private sector.

Module 5 5d- 5e. Topic: Health and Infrastructure Speaker: Engr. Eliseo Ana (with ppt. presentation)

Mitigation mesures: - Promotion of green buildings – energy efficient designs utilizing natural lighting and ventilation;

- Transport mitigation measures – anti-smoke belching; encourage walking, cycling, non-motorized transport- Improve public transport infrastructures - use of electirc vehicles

Adaptation measures: elevate roads, pathways, walkways; thicker pavement; car-sharing/pooling

Q: How much would a rainwater harvesting technology facility cost, including treatment cost? Is it individual or for the town?

A: We have to weigh if communal or individual. It's good to have individual facility if you can afford it. You can use roof water. Big costs are involved in putting up tank, and pump to distribute rainwater. Look into water use, how much do you need? Size of the tank will depend on how much you need. Let the water settle for sometime, but it cannot be used for drinking. You have to boil if to use for drinking purposes.

Another way to treat is to put the water in plastic bottles and expose to sunlight to kill the microorganisms.

Q: In Tagbilaran, resorts are seating on a beach. Normally, an Environmental Compliance Certificate is required, so what is happening?

A: We have good environmental laws, but we fail in implementing them. If you live near a river, there is an easement for public use. It is difficult to uproot settlers in public areas near the river.

Prevention is more of a solution, some people are not doing their job well.

Q: What is asset management approach?

A: In asset management approach, you try to balance design, cost of construction and maintenance cost. You operate a particular project at the least cost, over the entire period, meeting the minimum requirements.

Q: Which structures or what kind of highwayss do we need to transfer?

A: Identification of the structures rests at the local level. We now have a JICA project, auditing the soundness of bridges in the Philippines. The

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information will be available in two years.

We have designed a system on how to assess the structural integrity of infrastructures – public utilities and buildings, for both horizontal and vertical infrastructures.

We would like to come out with compendium of designs, approaches and guidelines for building climate-proof infrastructures. The resource book will help the LGUs design resilient and climate-proofed infrastructures.

We orient the LGUs on guidelines, but how is the continuity, for maintenance?

Q: Which of the LRIs are conducting studies on infrastructures? Are there LRIs going into this? You can tie-up with the local research institutions. A: None.

C: A climate-resilient design of building has been introduced by Architect Palafox (?), where there are planters in the roof.

Module 6 - Hazard Assessment 6a. Topic: Climate-Related Hazard Assessment (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Jesusita Coladilla, Ph D

Millenium Development Goal funds studies to determine vulnerable areas and hazards in coastal areas, agriculture, forestry, biodiversity and health, to include in local planning.

The primary goal is to come up with an action plan on climate change adaptation. We identified what areas in the Philippines are vulnerable, at the national level and at the

provincial level. One is Albay, Bicol. What can happen in the next 100 years? In Benguet, what do they do if there is El Niño? Their adaptation is only for the short-term.

The problem is you don't know when the hazards would come, or what hazards can come in the future. So there is a need to identify who are the vulnerable. What is their interest? Forestry, agriculture, health? This would determine how much funds to allocate, and what areas to allocate for.

Determine the level of assessment: global, regional, national, provincial, district, municipal, barangay.

How do we downscale so that funds will go where they are most needed, to vulnerable areas.

The academe can advise how to go about the CLUP. What agency is involved at the national level? What models to use?

Methods: Focus group discussions, Key informant interviews and surveys; field survey Tools: Time line analysis of disaster history and seasonal calendar

- Time line analysis for 30 years - With this amount of rainfall event, these areas are affected and number of deaths could be this much.

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In the 50s, it takes 7-10 years before La Niña is repeated, but now it occurs every 2-3 years. Which hazard is prevalent in the area? In Mindanao, before they are not visited by

typhoons. Now they experience super typhoons. Typhoons are now shifting.

Q: Since LGUs are not the ones preparing the CLUP, what time frame is involved?

A: All towns need to update their CLUPs by 2012, so they can prepare their LCCAP based fromthe CLUPS. I do't know when the CLUP will be finished. In the first place, they have wrong boundaries. CLUP is for ten years.

You have to empower LGUs to learn how to prepare CLUP. SCUs can help on that.

C: Please help us on the interpretation of Human Development Index (HDI).

A: HDI is a useless index for the national level. I advise to use the socio-economic profile per province.

Module 6 6b. Topic: Geologic Hazard Assessment (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Decibel F. Eslava, Ph D

Earth's processes have potential to cause harm The Philippines is number one having the most number of disasters from geo-hazards. We build our houses next to a cliff, or to a fault line. Hazards include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides and floods

- We have many active volcanoes. PHILVOCS is mandated to collect data on vocanic activities. 1:50,000 scale has been done for geo-hazard mapping -landslide susceptibility mapping

- rain-induced landslide susceptibility

C: Most underwater active volcanoes are located in Mindanao.

Q: Can you consider it a geo-hazard even if “walang nararamdaman”?

A: In tectonic earthquakes, some are not felt because the movement is small. Some are big movements of the crust causing big earthquakes.

Q: Who is responsible for earthquake-related matters?

A: PHILVOCS. It has regional offices as it cannot be localized. The information has to come from different locations, because earthquake effects are felt in different times depending on intensity, magnitude, and areas affected. The central office of PHILVOCS is in Diliman.

Module 7. Tools/Methodologies for Exposure, Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity

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Assessment 7a. Topic: GIS (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Steve Godidlano, Ph D

(This has been discussed with 5a. See above 5a)

7b. Topic: Participatory Rapid Appraisal Approach(PRA) in the Context of Vulnerability and Adaptation (with ppt. presentation) Speaker. Florencia Pulhin, Ph D

The concept of PRA was developed in the early 1990s with the shift in paradigm from top-down to bottm-up approach

Steps that can be used in PRA include key informant interviews and focus group discussions among senior citizens to recall climate events in the past 20 years or so.

Participatory Impact Analysis 1. Identification of different impacts of climate variability and extremes to local communities

2. Identification of groups and sectors affected and degree of impacts Participatory mapping of vulnerable people and places

C: PRA tools were used in land use planning in Jaro, Iloilo. They encountered problem in mapping, barangay chairmen could not delineate their boundaries or they have no maps.

A: In cases like that, the facilitator should know how to build the consensus of the group. But It doesn't substitute for GIS.

C: Reliability of barangay generated data is under question.

A: The national government should provide map.

Q: What do they do in the barangay before when there was no GIS?

Q: If there is no GIS, what can we use?

A: The PRA tools can be used.

C: It's good to know that some LGUs have GIS maps. I learned from NEDA that only the province has copies of the maps. Let's look for other agencies that could help.

C: In our case, we ask from the military. They have maps.

C: I believe all LGUs have land use maps.

7c. Topic: Crop Modeling (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Felino P. Lansigan, Ph D

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Climate hazards are threats to agricultural production. Assessing vulnerability of crops and livestock

Factors are sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity The El Niño of 1978-1979 reduced the yield of crops. The challenge is how do you develop the relationship between yield (weight) and

temperature/rainfall

C: Different agencies and LGUs need to talk together for climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Q: What is the minimum requirement for the inter-disciplinary team to be formed?

A: There should be an interest to collaborate. Requirements to start inter-disciplinary team areinter- personal relationships among social scientist, agriculturist, engineer, statistician and economist. This is the core group that can work together.

In the 1970s, nobody believes on environmental science. At UPLB, we started withenvironmental studies first. Then, gradually the MS in Environmental Science was formed. Likewise, statistical hydrology or ecology was not accepted, but in 1992, it became accepted.

Before, others thought environmental science is a threat to their field. But now it is aready accepted.

Q: In your project in UP Baguio, what is your recommendation?

A: After the study, they put up a climate change office in Baguio. A protected area managementplan is updated and being piloted in Peñablanca, Tuguegarao, Siargao - because of eco-tourism, and also in Dumangas, Iloilo. This is a collaboration among SCUs, LGUs, DA and DENR.

Q: How can we access that information?

A: It is in the internet. It can be of help in our community training at the grassroot level.

We are teaching SCUs in Bicol to incorporate it in their curriculum. This is Salceda's initiative. Other SCUs in Ifugao, at Benguet State University they have trained. We need to work together to explore future collaboration.

Q: In Pangasinan, Ilocos Sur and Ilocos Norte, what are the possible crops to evaluate? The perennial or the high value crops?

A: Rice, corn and vegetables. Also, flowers, ground orchid, tobacco and mongo.

I have a Ph D student, a nun, who is studying weather-based insurance, you can collaborate with her.

Q: What is the extent that it was incorporated in the plans of the LGU?A: At Ifugao State University and Beguet State University, we involved them at the start in

conducting the study, in the bio-physical characterization. We gave them money. During our project, there had been a change of seven out of 8 mayors. To sustain the project, the support of

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the local government is critical. In your training there will be election. That would mean you need to budget for travel again, for another training. Entry point at the LGU is through the comprehensive land use plan (CLUP).

In Tuguegarao (?), their water is dependent on the watershed of Peñablanca. We are exploringthe payment for environmental services because we need to protect the watershed in Peñablanca.

In Siargao, you need to protect your eco-tourism area. LGU people need to be trained so it can be sustained.

C: Related to budget, the budget for 2013 is already allocated for.

7d. Topic: Adaptive Capacity Assessments (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Leonardo M. Florece, Ph D

C: We would like to know the thematic entry points of DRRM where LGUs can start.

A: Where are the areas affected which are vulnerable to climate change and hazards? How doyou complement LGA and DRRM plans? In DRRM plans there are thematic areas. We are arguing with DENR and DOST because they have their own guidelines and policies.

When you do the local plans, involve other agencies.

Q: What thematic areas can they do related to adaptation to avoid coinflict in resolutions and guidelines?

A: It's general only.

Q: What guidelines cover SCUs?

A: The lead agency on mitigation and adaptation is DOST. The academe also are involved in these, as provided for in RA ____. LGUs have their indigenous knowledge. It's a mix of the two in the preparation of the plans.

C: What is lacking is we did not tie-up with CHED on this. CHED should be engaged on this.

A: The role of the academic sector is to provide knowledge and information to the LGUs. Our research should focus on the problems.

C: (From LGA- Mr. Karl Abalos) : We will clarify the involvement of everyone. We'll try out therelationship of the DILG, LRI with the LGUs. DILG does not have the science, some do not have the authority, but the problem of the academe is how to localize the knowledge. This is where LGUs come in.

C: CHED's mandate includes addressing environmental issues. We have to make stronger ties with DILG so that when CHED audits us, we have something to contribute.

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C: DILG is mandated related to climate change and LCCAP. The advocacy of the Department is mainstreaming. We will work for the LCCAP. We'll craft a stand alone LCCAP. Give us

handles how to mainstream LCCAP in all the LGUs' plans and programs. We need handles, downscale this to really mainstream at the local level.

Q: The tools we discussed can be applied to LCCAP. What should the LCCAP look like?

A: We need action plan on how to do things so that we can mainstream CCA into the existing LGU plans.

C: (From the academe/trainors – Ms. Dulce Elazegui): LGUs should have LCCAP and DRRM. There had been moves to harmonize LCCAP and DRRM. The guideline for harmonization is being crafted. The DILG is mandated to have climate change adaptation planning so you will be more definite

what you will integrate in the local plan. You should have good basis, sicence-based. The academe has a vital role on this matter, so interface is needed to come up with LCCAP which is science- based. CDP and CLUP are our entry points, but you need to know what to include in the LCCAP.

C: (from private university): I can't still understand what to do. The template is the planningprocess but how to mainstream it, is another matter. The most important is, as trainors, what is the entry point so that we can mainstream the plan?

A: (Mr Karl Abalos): We'll explain the roll-out strategy.

C: IRR is clear on what the involvement of each one (DepEd, DILG, DENR) is. Advocacy is the role of DILG.

Q: (Mr. Abalos): Which agency should you include?

C: I'm not sure if the Philippine Association of Tertiary Education Schools is on environmental protection.

A: What was agreed upon was to include it as a subject/topic of outline in major courses in science.

C: Heads of research and extension offices of regional SCUs should be present here. Internal capability-building among regional SCUs may have to be done.

UPLB may have the knowledge but the regional SCUs may have different knowledge. We may not level-off in terms of knowledge and expectations.

C: (Mr. Abalos): It is not for us to absob it all, but to know new things you can use when you go down so that our knowledge are even (pantay-pantay).

C: The University does not have the time. We should be clear between DRR and CCA.

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Module 8 Topic: Building Alliances, Social Mobilization and Leverage Support (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Prof. Mayo Grace Amit

Why? To level off on building key concepts Who/What? In terms of vulnerability, what sectors are vulnerable, where are they? Where: To scope area for partnerships, identify key parameters, and distinctive roles How much? To determine entry at the annual investment plan Situational analysis – what to do if a sector is vulnerable, where do we focus? What is

priority? Sectoral targeting given limited resources

Ms. Dulce Elazegui: What is the 9th step and the sub-steps?

What will be assessed? The climate (hydro-meteorological, water stress, or plenty of water); and non-climate hazards (geo-physical)

Capacity assessment – adaptive capacity of the households, communities, LGUs on how to adapt to climate change

DRR is more of coping not adaptation, to reduce or eliminate the risk from happening Mitigation is the reduction of green house gas. Vulnerability- in terms of exposure and impact In planning identify programs and projects as adaptation and mitigation strategies. Response strategies could be reactive or pro-active – you adjust the systems to prevent the

risks from happening. You reduce the risk, then do the budget and do the implementation. What actions/steps to take, what are the budgets needed? LGUs already have visions which are anchored on sustainability. LCCAP key elements: assess hazards, vulnerability and impact of hazards; what strategies

to adapt, what programs and projects to implement? Climate change was established based on historical trends. Data and information can come from NDCC, NDRRC, PAG-ASA or from elderly's

experiences of extreme events. How do you present the climate threats? Through graph presentation of data on damages,

loss of lives, so you can ask for the budget. Approaches and methodologies by hazard in various sectors – agriculture, health, business,

coastal fisheries

- Adaptation is different according to hazards. Asset-based approach – physical assets e.g., the house is made of light materials Those in the uplands and coastal have low adaptive capacity because of poverty, lack of

knowledge, social capital is low, no institutions to go to, no networks, etc. We have downscale (provincial level) projections from PAG-ASA, with different scenarios,

with increasing population. - What is the increase every 5 years, every 30 years? With increasing number of typhoons and increasing rainfall, what will happen to yield? - Translate projections to impact - If temperature increases, what will happen to the vulnerble? Who will be first targeted?

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Super typhoons mean climate change. Extreme climate events = proxy variables Relate LGU's vision to prioritization, which sector to help? What programs and projects/

activities to do? Which strategies are priorities? After listing, inject it to the CLUP. What areas to use for settlement?

- e.g., protected area, you can inject it to environmental and natural resources; health and agriculture, for social development

Since LGUs cannot finance all, harness external funding, develop alliance. To sum up, identify hazards, vulnerability, adaptive capacity and define strategies. For sample exercise, based on data and recall, describe your province.

Q: The role expected from each one of us is so big, what if the first roll-out of LCCAP is to train the Municipal Government Operations Officers (MLGOOs)? C: We have no representative for Agno River basin.

C: Those involved with the Agno River, we can strategize to form cluster training.

Q: What is the time frame for us to accomplish this?

A: (Mr. Abalos): The target is to finish it within the first semester of 2013. We'll issue implementation guidelines. There are funds for these from the “Enhancing LGU Capacity” project. Q: Shall we group according to river basin?

A: (Mr. Abalos): Yes. You can import expert from other groups to help you. The assumption is three-day training with minimum of seven persons including DRRMO, MPDO, LGOO, ENRO, Engineering Office, Agriculturist and Sanggunian member.

Q: Can we ask region 8 to join regions 6 and 7?

C: I would be training the province, the Comprehensive Development Plan Officer (CDPO), if I will downscale this.

C: Let us include civil society organization.

C: We conducted investment programming in three batches. It's not that focused. C: I suggest to tap district, provincial trainor, DRM focal persons and LRI.

C: (Mr. Abalos): It's up to you. If there will be problem on funding, we can plan by region, budget for whatever LGUs are involved. Downscaling is by region. Budget and planning is per

region, since watershed cuts across provinces.

Q: What about cities? We don't have river basins.

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A: (Mr. Abalos): They can extend the project outside the river basin. For now we'll plan for the river basins.

Let us be flexible in our plans. We'll support you with training materials, so don't be afraid. We can meet half-way. We have to be pro-active. Let's open up to each other.

After the discussion, a song of inspiration entitled “Whatever We Imagine” was played to inspire the participants in the training. Then the meeting for Tanggol Kalikasan followed.

Module 9 – Roll-Out Strategy (see at the end)

Module 10 – Evaluation and Selection of Appropriate Climate Change Actions (with ppt. presentation) Speaker: Juan M. Pulhin, Ph D

Multiple Criteria Analysis (MCA)

The challenge is how we put weights on social, economic, environmental and governance dimensions/criteria. There is tension between these criteria.

Define evaluation criteria so that : - You can select a better option. - Quantify impacts. Is it possible to weigh them? Rank options.

Simplified process of MCA: - Identify evaluation criteria/indictors as basis for screening options. Some of these criteria are driven by NEDA's objectives.

1. economic criteria- cost effectiveness; 2. contribution to reduction of poverty; 3. contibution to increase in income; 4. contribution to employment;5. size of beneficiary group;6. absence of adverse impacts on other sectors/groups

e.g., release of water from dam – exacerbates the vulnerability downstream7. socio-culturally acceptable8. environmental soundness – the more environment-friendly options are favored9. Governance: ease of implementation – it might have many barriers, in terms of cost

and technology10. immediate impact/response to urgent needs11. potential for upscaling – greater potential for wider application is priority

A best strategy is something that will be a win-win solution. Adaptation and sustainable development – depends on the planners what criteria to use to

determine soundness of adaptation options Weights/scores assignation – the question is do you put equal weights to the different

criteria/indicators? Depends on relevance, who are involved e.g., if DENR, it will give higher weights to environmental concerns

Adaptation options: install early warning; IEC; reforestation project; solid waste management; organize emergency response team

Agree first on the criteria. Ideally, there should be consensus, if none votation can be done. Related to environmental soundness, what are the positive outcomes and potential impacts? Climate change concerns are multi-faceted usually requiring a combination of adaptation

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strategies - multiplicity of concerns and factors so there is a need for multi-stakeholder team work

Planners/decision-makers have to take into account a combination of factors to evaluate and select adaptation options

Q: Is it best to use the indicators set by NEDA or the locals should set its own criteria?

A: It depends on the objectives at the local level. Multi-stakeholder approach is done including some correlation analysis. Go down as low as possible because adaptation is site-specific.

Q: Related to the example given on bridge construction, how was it decided?

A: The issue is do you construct a better bridge now which is costlier, but is much beneficial andcost-effective now given the climate change potential impacts, rather than re-construct totally in the future. As an example, in the construction of drainage system, culverts are enlarged now to improve drainage in anticipation of increased flooding.

Q:. Shall we begin with standardized procedure in our roll-out?

A: A training kit will be prepared, with implementing guidelines and with set of rules to guide the trainors.

Q: What should be given emphasis, the inputs or the planning process?

A: The input is important and so is the assessment. You would be given leeway to customize on the local plan.

Q: It is not clear what we should follow in the roll-out, is it the 9-steps or the 12 steps or what?

A: (Ms. Elazegui): There is not much difference between 9 and 12 steps. Get data on climatechange projections, seek the help of the experts in determining the effects on the vulnerable sectors. Concentrate on the 12 as it was expanded with the inclusion of climate change adaptation planning. When you go to strategies you will mainstream. With LCCAP, look at hazards, vulnerability assessments, strategies to reduce risks, and vulnerabilities. If there is no plan, there is nothing to mainstream. Program and project activities and adaptation strategies that would fit in or integrated in the CLUP is the mainstreaming part.

C: (Mr. Abalos): We will start on the minimum, put out LCCAP, and that will have to be mainstreamed. CCA is more on the long-term while DRR is more on the short-term.

C: I am in the private university, if I would be always out on the university attending to this matters, the President will look for me. So how is this?

A: This is a multi-stakeholder discussion where the academe and the government work together.

Before, the system was the academe works with the communities, then, the communities consult the government. You aim for sharing and learning among the academe, government and communities.

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Module 9: Roll-Out StrategyWorkshop to complete the planning matrix and prepare powerpoint presentations

To complete the planning matrix and prepare powerpoint presentations (see emailed ppt. presentation of the groups), all the participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 was facilitated by Dr. Linda M. Peñalba and Prof. Dulce D. Elazegui, while group 2 was facilitated by Dr. Merlyne M. Paunlagui and Prof. Mayo Grace C. Amit. Group 1 stayed in the training hall while group two used another session hall.

In group B, there were five sub-groups who presented and discussed the hazards and extreme climate events that they experienced in their localities. They assessed vulnerability of the sectors affected, designed adaptation strategies, and planned what projects to implement.

Concerns/Suggestions Raised in the Open Forum:

1. The intention is to have one language in the training, and the participants cannot depart from the 9-12 processes of the DILG. 2. It is impotant to have substantive elucidation of the effects of the events/hazards across time and area.

3. Baseline information is critical in local planning. 4. Distill relevant indicators. What are the indicators?

5. The trainors can partner with some research institutions.6. Mechanisms on existing processes need to be revisited.7. How do you re-orient yourselves using the existing processes?8. As river-basin approach will be used, the interventions of the upstream LGUs need to be

harmonized with those in the downstream.9. The planning process is generic. If the LGU is in a watershed, it is a natural

consideration for the area. 10. The first target is to formulate LCCAP and mainstream it into the CLUP. Re-entry point

is on the river-basin approach. Introduce the plan using the river-basin approach.11. Look at the eco-system approach. Watch out for the situation in the local area.12. As the watershed cuts across LGUs, what should be priorities? Remember one has to

deal with administrative boundaries but planning at LGU deals with political boundary. Watershed approach is to be used to really address the concerns that cut across geo-political boundaries. To avoid pointing at each others fingers between downstream and upstream LGUs, it is important to harmonize their plans. DILG is the unifying agency.

13. Each LGU in the watershed should contribute resources/funds. 14. Directives can be from the provincial executives and funds could come from

Congresmen. Tapping pork barrel funds is a good idea. 15. Share experiences with the Regional Development Council, so that all the plans are

aligned with those of the Regional Development Plan.16. Pilot test the action plan in one area. There should be feedback mechanism as it is

important in improving the plan.17. There should be post-assesment to improve the content of the training materials.18. Provide a training guide for the trainors, taking into consideration phasing, e.g. partner-

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building, so that from the very beginning all concerned are involved. Second phase is goal-setting for all the stakeholdes, to clarify what each one will do, e.g. come out with LCCAP, so that funds can be allocated. Phase 3 is vulnerability assessment by sector. Remember that there will be an election sometime at the middle of the LCCAP, so all activities will stop. Phase 4 is planning of CCA.

19. How will the plan be mainstreamed to the CLUP, considering there is the annual investment plan and budget hearings?

20. There is a need for leveraging on the concept of river-basin, so that sharing of resources can be done e.g., backhoe (?) can be done by one LGU, and another LGU will be the one to buy the firetruck needed. Everyone at the local level should be clear on what to do at the very beginning.

In the closing session, evaluation of the training program was conducted. Selected participants representing the LRIs, SCUs and regional DILGs were asked to explain the ratings they gave. The trainors and the training venue were given a grade of 9.

Prepared by: Rapporteurs: Ms. Cristeta A. Foronda and Ms. Anjaylee Bernardo

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