summary report of synthesis workshop

RETA 6498: Knowledge and Innovation Support for ADB’s Water Financing Program KNOWLEDGE PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN ADB AND UNESCO-IHE

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Summary report of Synthesis Workshop Comparative Research of Groundwater Management in the Coastal Areas

in Southeast Asia

Date: 23-30 March 2014

Venue: Tianjin Center of Geological Survey, China

Group photo of participants


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Participants of the workshop

Name Institute Country Function

1 Yangxiao Zhou UNESCO-IHE The Netherlands Team Leader

2 Binaya Raj Shivakoti

Institute for Global Environmental

Strategies (IGES)- Groundwater

Knowledge Hub

Japan Facilitator

3 Qingcheng He

Coordinating Committee for Geoscience

Programmes in East and Southeast Asia

(CCOP)

Thailand Facilitator

4 Haipeng Guo China Institute of Geo-environmental

Monitoring China

Expert for case

study

5 Hongwei Liu Tianjin Centre of China Geological survey China Expert for case

study

6 Haryadi Tirtomihardjo

Centre of Groundwater Resources and

Environmental Geology, Ministry of

Energy and Mineral Resources

Indonesia Expert for case

study

7 Taat Setiawan





study

8 Intining





study

9 Bui Tran Vuong Division of Water Resources Planning and

Investigation for the South of Vietnam Vietnam

Expert for case

study

10 Mr Phan Chu Nam Division of Water Resources Planning and

Investigation for the South of Vietnam Vietnam

Expert for case

study

Note: project members from Metro Cebu, Philippines, were not able to get the visa on time, and could not attend the workshop.

1. Introduction to the Project

Coastal areas in Southeast Asian countries are densely populated and rapidly urbanizing. Many of the world's

megacities (>10 million people) are located in the coastal areas of Southeast Asia, such as Tianjin, Ho Chi

Minh City, Jakarta, and Metro Cebu. Groundwater has been an important source of water supply for

municipal and domestic, irrigation and industrial uses in these areas. All these cities have suffered from

groundwater mismanagement.

The common pressing groundwater issues in the region are:

Groundwater depletion due to overexploitation;

Groundwater pollution (primarily from indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastewater, solid wastes

and chemicals, and diffusive pollution from agricultural activities);

Land subsidence caused by intensive groundwater abstraction;

Seawater intrusion induced by groundwater abstraction.

Through a comprehensive assessment of magnitudes and causes of the above problems and management

practices in coastal areas, the study will synthesize effective measures and governance structure for

remediation and mitigation of negative impacts. The recommendations are expected to enable water

authorities and relevant stakeholders in coastal areas to prioritize most achievable targets, better plan for

future threats and uncertainties, and enhance inter-and intra-country cooperation in solving pressing

problems through exchange of knowledge, experiences and expertise.


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Duration:

2 years from October 2012 to October 2014

Funding agency:

Asian development Bank and co-finance from the UNESCO-IHE DUPC programme

Locations:

China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam

Project type:

Research and Development

2. Workshop objectives and programme The objectives of the workshop are to synthesize research results and to identify best strategy towards

groundwater sustainability for every case study areas. The output of the workshop is a comprehensive

strategy of groundwater sustainability for each case study area. This strategy will be tested out in the next

phase research. The activities of the workshop include:

Country report of model results: groundwater model construction, calibration, and scenarios

simulations;

Development of groundwater governance index to achieve groundwater use sustainability for each

case study area;

Detailed work plan for the next phase, and final project seminar.

Programme:

Date Components Programme

2014/03/24-

25 Progress review

Presentation of progress of each case study

1. Project review – Dr. Yangxiao Zhou

2. Mekong Delta case – Dr. Bui Tran Vuong

3. Jakarta case – Mr. Haryadi / Ms. Intining

4. Laizhou Bay case – Dr. Hongwei Liu

5. Cangzhou case – Dr. Haipeng Guo

2013/03/26-

27 Filed visits

Field visits to Laizhou Bay case

1. Groundwater monitoring

2. Salinity control

2013/03/27 Scenarios and

analysis

Scenario development and analysis

–Dr.Yangxiao Zhou (Facilitator)

2013/03/28 Groundwater

governance Refine component and factors of groundwater governance index

– Dr. Binaya Raj Shivakoti (Facilitator)

2013/03/28 Planning Presentation of planning by every case study

Table of contents of the final report


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4. Summary of project progress

Progress made from each case study was reviewed through the presentation of country reports. The summary

of the project progress is shown in Table 1. All case studies have finished the problem descriptions, data

collection and analysis, and the conceptualization of hydrogeological systems. Numerical groundwater

models of Mekong Delta and Metro Cebu have been calibrated. Model calibrations are still going on with

Jakarta Basin, Laizhou Bay and Cangzhou areas. Scenarios for mitigating problems for every case study

have been identified and will be simulated using calibrated groundwater models after the workshop.

Components and factors for assessing groundwater governance index (GGI) have been defined for every

case study. Actual evaluation of GGI is to be conducted after the workshop. All project members realized

that they have to spend more time and efforts to complete the project.

Table 1: Status of project progress

Project component Mekong Delta Metro Cebu Jakarta Basin Laizhou Bay Cangzhou

Problem identification Complete Complete Complete Complete Complete Data collection and analysis Complete Complete Complete Complete Complete Conceptual model Complete Complete Complete Complete Complete

Numerical model Calibrated Calibrated To be calibrated To be

calibrated To be

calibrated

Scenario analysis

Scenarios

defined, to be

simulated

Scenarios

defined, to be

simulated

Scenarios

defined, to be

simulated

Scenarios

defined, to be

simulated

Scenarios

defined, to be

simulated

Groundwater governance

Framework

defined, to be

evaluated

Framework

defined, to be

evaluated

Framework

defined, to be

evaluated

Framework

defined, to be

evaluated

Framework

defined, to be

evaluated Final project report To be written To be written To be written To be written To be written

5. Scenario development and analysis The workshop reviewed the scenarios for every case study and formulated procedures for the scenario

analysis. Following is the summary of scenarios and analysis methods.

Projections for future water demand (domestic, industrial, agricultural):

Planning of surface water supply

Wastewater reuse

Groundwater supply requirement (Qf)

Scenario for abstraction reduction for sustainability

1) Sustainable yield Qs = 0.75*annual average recharge

o Current abstraction Qc

o Reduction Qr = Qc - Qs

o Percentage =Qr/Qc

2) Artificial recharge when Qs < Qf: recharge with surface methods (basins, wetlands, riverbeds) using

access surface water during rainy season.

Control land subsidence

1) Stop pumping wells Q=0 in the layers with high land subsidence, and in deep cones of depression,

Simulation for 50 or 100 years so a new steady is reached

2) Artificial injections when option 1 is not fast enough in deep cones of depression


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Control of saline intrusion

1) Sustainable yield

2) Stop pumping in areas with large saline intrusion (deep cone of depression)

3) Artificial recharge (only when 1 and 2 don't work) in areas where there are saline intrusions

4) Optimization of pumping wells and rates

Analysis of model simulation results:

1) Plot of time series of groundwater heads at some key locations (central cone of depression, saline

intrusion) for all aquifer layers

2) Contour map of differences of groundwater heads at initial time, and after 10 years, 20 years, .., and

last simulation time

3) Plot time series of change of groundwater storages (storage out - storage in, positive means storage

increase, negative means decrease), and accumulative changes of storage

4) Plot time series of total recharge, total river flow (separate positive (in) and negative values (out)),

total flow through coastal boundaries (separate positive and negative values)

Comparison of scenarios

1) Plot of time series of groundwater heads at some key locations (central cone of depression, saline

intrusion) for all aquifer layers from different scenarios in one graph

2) Contour map of differences of groundwater heads at the same time (e.g. 10 years, 20 years, .., and

last simulation time) from different scenarios

3) Plot time series of change of groundwater storages from different scenarios in one graph

4) Plot time series of total recharge, total river flow (separate positive (in) and negative values (out)),

total flow through coastal boundaries (separate positive and negative values) from different scenarios

in one graph

Scenarios for each case

Laizhou Bay

Option 1: reduction of groundwater abstraction in areas of deep cones of depression

Option 2: artificial recharge at alluvial fans with surface water during rainy season (infiltration basins,

riverbeds with dikes)

Option 3: increase of Brine groundwater abstraction

Option 4: Combination of options 1, 2 &3

Cangzhou

Option 1: stop groundwater abstraction in areas of deep cones of depression in 3rd layer

Option 2: artificial injections in areas of deep cones of depression in 3rd layer?

Option 3: combination of options 1 & 2

Jakarta Option 1: stop groundwater abstraction in areas with high saline intrusion (deep cones of depression) in

unconfined, upper and middle confined aquifers

Option 2: artificial recharges in floodplains (GHB package simulation: area, head, conductance)

Option 3: combination of options 1 & 2

Mekong delta

Climate change scenarios

B2: low emission

B1: medium emission

A2: high emission: precipitation, temperature, evaporation changes


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Metro Cebu

Option 1: reduce groundwater abstraction rates in areas with high saline intrusion (deep cones of depression)

in coastal areas

Option 2: artificial recharges in hill slopes (GHB package simulation: area, head, conductance)

Option 3: optimization of pumping wells and pumping rates

6. Development of Groundwater Governance Index (GGI) Components and factors for assessing groundwater governance index (GGI) were further refined (Figure 1).

GGI is adopted as a method to assess strength and weakness of groundwater governance in each case

holistically. Furthermore, GGI should be used to improve groundwater governance by simulating identified

scenarios, in particular, non-structural measures.

Figure 1 Components and factors for assessing groundwater governance index (GGI)

1. Technical

1.1 Existence of Basic Hydrogeological Maps

1.2 Groundwater Body/Aquifer Delineation

1.3 Zonation of Aquifer Parameters

1.4 Groundwater resource potential

1.5 Sustainable Yield (exploitable groundwater)

1.6 Amount of Annual Extraction

1.7 Groundwater Quantity Monitoring Network (density)

1.8 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network

1.9 Frequency of Groundwater Level Monitoring

1.10 Frequency of Groundwater Quality Monitoring

1.11 Groundwater management model

1.12 Number of Parameters to Measure the Groundwater Quality

1.13 Duration of Data (time-series)

1.14 Database informatioin system

1.15 Information dissemination

2. Legal

2.1 Groundwater law

2.2 Regulations for implementation of groundwater law

2.3 Masterplan of groundwater management

2.4 Enforement of laws/regulations

2.5 Strategy of Groundwater Management

3. Institutional

3.1 Framework of Groundwater Governance Institutions

3.2 Human Resources in the Each Department/Organization

4. Rights and Responsibilities (User level)

4.1 Groundwater User Rights

4.2 Groundwater Use Permits

5. Regulatory Interventions

5.1 Regulating the Construction of Wells and Boreholes

5.2 Regulating the Over Abstraction

5.3 Regulating the Groundwater Pollution

5.4 Pricing on Groundwater Use/abstraction

6. Cross-Sector Policy Coordination

6.1 Coordination with Agricultural Development

6.2 Groundwater-Based Urban/Industrial Planning

6.3 Coordination with Energy Supply

6.4 Coordination with Land Use Change and Development

7. Participation

7.1 Stakeholder Participation in Groundwater Management

7.2 Public Access to Information (website)

7.3 Involvement of Private Sector

8. State of the problem/risk

8.1 Aqufer depletion

8.2 Land Subsidence

8.3 Salt water intrusion

8.4 Pollution


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7. Planning for the next stage

Project members planed the remaining activities in the period from April and October, 2014. The main

activities are to complete groundwater model calibration and simulation of scenarios (Table 2). Calculation

of GGI is another major activity. A table of contents of the final project report is defined in the workshop. A

draft report is to be completed before the final project workshop. Dr Zhou is planning to visit the Philippines

project team in May 2014 to arrange the final project workshop to be held in October 2014.

Table 2 Planning of the remaining project activities

8. Concluding remarks

Despite good progress made so far by all case studies, the completion of model calibration and simulation of

scenarios requires a lot of time and efforts. Allocation of sufficient time for all experts is essential to

complete the remaining major activities. The project results are valuable for achieving groundwater

sustainability in all case studies. Therefore, all project members shall work hard to reach this goal.

For further information about the project: Project Leader

Dr.Yangxiao Zhou

UNESCO-Institute for Water Education

Westvest 7, P.O. BOX 3015, 2601 DA Delft

The Netherlands

E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.unesco-ihe.org/ADB-UNESCO-IHE-Knowledge-Partnership

Asia-Pacific Groundwater Knowledge Hub

Dr. Binaya Raj Shivakoti,

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES),

2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama,

Kanagawa, 240-0115 Japan

E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.iges.or.jp/en/news/topic/knowledgehub_gw.html

No Activity

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Completion of model calibration and simulation

2 Comparison of scenarios

3 Calculation of groundwater governance index

4 Case study Report

5 Final workshop

2014

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

summary report of synthesis workshop

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