summer practical training

8/2/2019 Summer Practical Training

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Summer Practical Training

At Reliance Communications, Navi Mumbai

INTRODUCTION:

MINS is an IP based solution that shall be designed to cater to a subscriber base of around 1000subscribers. It shall support all the features and functionalities provided by the legacy switchingsystems.

MINS was required as the rate of the ―Qualcomm chipset ―for the BSC (base station controller)

was rising day by day. Qualcomm company is extracting 5$ per subscriber from any Indiancompany for using their chipset that why in MINS, BSC is constructed not using any hardwarebut by binding the system by some algorithms. It means that in MINS, software is preparedwhich can do the work of the hardware chip for BSC instead of using that Qualcomm chipset.

The basic aim of designing of the MINS project is the removal of the Qualcomm chipset for

BSC.MINS is not the whole network; it is the part of a network which contains following networksidentities. They are:-

1. BTS CONTROLLER-Base transceiver system controller

2. BSC-Base station controller

3. MSC-Mobile switching centre

4. HLR-Home location register

5. VLR-Visitor location register

MINS also contains some essential parts other than which are specified above. They may beeither the parts of the four of them specified above or other ones. They should be considered infollowing lines as they come into the act.

Some assumptions are made preparing the MINS project. They are:-

SSD (Shared secret data) is shared with the VLR, in case of Authentication.

http://www.reliancecommunications.co.in/



MINS system shall work with the Soft switch MGC (Media Gateway Controller) for all the callsoriginating from/terminating to the PSTN or GSM networks.

SCOPE OF TRAINING The basic scope or we can say the aim of the training was putting our theories to practice. Whatwe have learned in two years of the B.E. degree, were put to practice. Any which we just learn asa theory subject we will forget that thing very quickly, but if we have put that thing to practicewe will not forget that thing in our whole life. It is not possible for a single college to provide thepractical training for all the 350 students because it is too costly to provide such machines orsystems that a multinational company can provide to the trainees. I have done my summerpractical training at Reliance Communication at Dhirubhai Ambani Knowledge City(DAKC),Navi Mumbai. It was a great experience to work with such great and intelligent colleagues. Thewhole DAKC so well designed and architect any beauty lover can’t move away from that. I think

for me it was an educational tour. My training was based on MINS (Mobile integrated network

system). It was a newly prepared project for wireless communication by the Reliance infocomm.MINS was a under launch product whose testing was on the way. According to the projectmanager of MINS it will take 2-3 yrs to launch this product. So it was not possible for us to theget the whole knowledge about the MINS so we divided our training to following phases:

Theoretical knowledge about the networks and layers.

Theoretical knowledge about the MINS from the document SRS_MINS which wasprovided by the company to us on our personal computer at Reliance Communications.

Testing of the project – It includes the checking of the message flow between the network subsystem when a call is initiated or released.

Preparing of the training report.

I learned a one more thing that preparing a project is just not preparing it but it includes it’s

testing also which is tedious work to do.

It was very difficult for me to stay 45 days away from my family and parents. For me it was alsoone of the aims to recover from family fever.

It is compulsory for every student to complete training of 90 days till we complete our B.E.degree. It is done in two phases –

45 days after 2nd year.

45 days after 3rd year.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

It was a long term training in which were thought theory about the MINS project and we workedon the testing of MINS project. In testing we worked on the UNIX operating system. MINS



project team had prepared the testing environment on the operating system UNIX. They havechosen the UNIX environment as on UNIX multithreading is possible. Multithreading is processin which multiple system can work at a time.

What do we mean with a thread?

Technically, a thread is defined as an independent stream of instructions that can be scheduled torun as such by the operating system. But what does this mean?

In the UNIX environment a thread:

Exists within a process and uses the process resources

Has its own independent flow of control as long as its parent process exists and the OSsupports it

May share the process resources with other threads that act equally independently (anddependently)

Dies if the parent process dies – or something similar

METHODOLGY

The project manager Mr. Praveen singhal had allotted me a computer on which we study orunderstand the theoretical knowledge of the MINS project using the SRS_MINS document(Software requirement document_ MINS) in our half time. After having my lunch when I cameback to office then they allot me a laptop which connected to one of the subsystem of thenetwork like BSC, BTS etc.

I have to submit a report at 6:00 p.m. every evening what we have concluded while we aretesting the project.

After we put the project (MINS system) we put to a tester which they named as load test.

What we do whole day manually, is known as manual test and then when we put it to a tester isknown as load test.

The flow of messages which we get in the load test can be seen in the logs of the BTS and BSCsubsystem. That was work of the employees or I can say the work of my seniors or my teachersthere.

When we left from there a viva voce was conducted by the project manager and we submittedthe project report to them.

CONTENTS OF TRAINING

1. Initialization of the Project-(Phases)

2. Requirement of these Phases

3. Some Definitions

4. MS-Mobile system

5. Complete description of MINS



6. Call scenario of voice call flow

7. Call initiated by the MS of MINS

8. General call flow for MINS

9. Advantages of MINS

INITIALIZATION OF THE PROJECT:

MINS is a very huge and lengthy project to design and launch for single man and to work on itrespectively. So phases are divided and some teams are set up to make this project a grandsuccess.

The MINS project is divided into 2 Phases listed below

Phase 1A: The Scope of Phase 1A is to demonstrate a successful Intra MINS and Inter MINScall along with CDR generation. Handoff functionality will not be supported in this phase of MINS.

Phase 1: Phase 1 will be focused on interfaces towards Billing and Mediation, NMS, LegalInterception System, and PSTN World. This phase will also have capability to interact with theprepaid system. Along with this all the bugs observed in Phase 1A will be fixed in Phase 1.

At the end of Phase 1, it will be possible to make inter MINS calls, Intra MINS Calls, Calls toPSTN world, Call to Existing Reliance Wireless Network and Send SMS on the MINS network.Also the Handoff and announcement functionality shall be supported in this Phase.

The Load test as per the Specifications will be carried out after successful demonstration of allthe services and integration with the network elements present in the Reliance network.

It will include PCF functionality and integration with data network (R world), OTAF (Over TheAir Functionality) and VMS (Voice Mail System). Also all the supplementary servicesdevelopment will be taken up in this phase.

REQUIREMENT OF THESE PHASES

Phase 1A Requirement — Feature or function that shall be supported by the system tobe delivered in in the phase 1A.These are mandatory for the Intra MINS and Inter MINS callestablishment. All Phase 1A requirements are flagged by the letter ―PH 1A.‖

Phase 1 Requirement — Feature or function that shall be supported by the system tobe delivered in the phase 1.These are mandatory for supporting Prepaid functionality, SMS



functionality and calls terminating on /from PSTN or GSM network as well as to offerSupplementary services. All Phase 1 requirements are flagged by the letter ―PH 1.‖

Phase 2 Requirement — Feature or function that shall be supported by the system to be delivered in the phase 2.All Phase 2 requirement are flagged by the letter ―PH 2.‖

SOME DEFINITIONS:

Some definitions should be useful for upcoming information.

Assured Mode. Mode of delivery that guarantees that a PDU will be delivered to the peer. APDU sent in assured mode is retransmitted by the LAC Sublayer, up to a maximum number of retransmissions, until the LAC entity at the sender receives an acknowledgement for the PDU.See also Confirmation of Delivery

Authentication: A procedure used to validate mobile stations or subscriber’s identity. Base Station. A fixed station used for communicating with mobile stations. Depending upon

the context, the term base station may refer to a cell, a sector within a cell, an MSC, or otherpart of the cellular system. See also MSC

Common Location Register (CLR): A proprietary node that contains the MDN and MINranges and the corresponding HLR addresses.

ESN: The unique serial number of a cellular phone that identifies it to the cellular system forthe purpose of placing and receiving calls.

Home Location Register (HLR): The HLR is the location register to which a user identity is

assigned for record purposes such as subscriber information (e.g. ESN, MDN, ProfileInformation, Current Location, and Authorization Period).

IS-41: The network standard that allows all switches to exchange information aboutsubscribers.

Layer 1 (L1). Layer 1 (Physical Layer) provides for the transmission and reception of radiosignals between the base station and the mobile station

Layer 2 (L2). Layer 2 provides for delivery of signaling messages generated by Layer 3 (seebelow). Layer 2 consists of two sub layers: the LAC Sublayer and the MAC Sublayer (seebelow). Layer 2 makes use of the services provided by Layer 1

Layer 3 (L3). Layer 3 originates and terminates signaling messages according to thesemantics and timing of the communication protocol between the base station and the mobile

station. Layer 3 makes use of the services provided by Layer 2

Logical channel. A communication path between stations, described in terms of the intendeduse of, and access to, the transferred data, and direction of transfer. A logical channel can be―mapped‖ to and from one or more physical channels



MS (MOBILE STATION)

The mobile station (MS) consists of the mobile equipment (the terminal) and a smart card called

the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). The SIM provides personal mobility, so that the user canhave access to subscribed services irrespective of a specific terminal. By inserting the SIM cardinto another GSM terminal, the user is able to receive calls at that terminal, make calls from thatterminal, and receive other subscribed services.

The mobile equipment is uniquely identified by the International Mobile Equipment identity(IMEI). The SIM card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) used toidentify the subscriber to the system, a secret key for authentication, and other information. TheIMEI and the IMSI are independent, thereby allowing personal mobility. The SIM card may beprotected against unauthorized use by a password or personal identity number.

COMPLTETE DESCRIPTION OF “MINS”

MINS is composed of the following parts which were stated in on of the above section. They areas below: -



1. BTS Controller

2. Base station controller

3. Mobile switching centre

4. Home location register

5. Visitor location register

OVERVIEW OF MINS (MOBILE INTEGRATED NETWORK SYSTEM)

Description of the above parts is as follows:

1. BTS Controller-

BTS controller shall be a PowerPC based General Purpose Microcontroller residing in the BTShardware. For the Phase 1A the BTS hardware shall be the BTS development platform made upof Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) cards and associated software.



The PowerPC 8245 shall have a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) called OSE delta runningon it.

The BTS controller shall perform following functions:

CDMA2000 Physical Layer Control: This function will interact closely with the Base bandprocessing algorithms running on the Tigers ARC 201 (TS-201) DSPs.

Abis functions on the BTS side: This function involves packet sing physical layer frames into IPPDUs, open sockets and send IP PDUs to the BSC entity of MINS as per the Abis protocol.Similar functions are executed for the receipt of IP packets from BSC entity.

OA&M functions for the BTS: This will broadly include the Configuration, Fault andPerformance management functions. In Phase 1 A only a small subset of these functions shall beimplemented. The definition of the entire set of function and this small subset is in progress.

The Base Transceiver Station houses the radio transceivers that define a cell and handles theradio-link protocols with the Mobile Station. In a large urban area, there will potentially be alarge number of BTSs organize, thus the requirements for a BTS are ruggedness, reliability,portability, and minimum cost.

2. BSC-The Base Station Controller manages the radio resources for one or more BTSs. Ithandles radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, and handovers, as described below. The BSC isthe connection between the mobile station and the Mobile service Switching Center (MSC).



In the construction of the BSC, there are following parts. They are as follows:

1. CP-Call processing2. Layer 33. LAC4. MAC5. ABIS6. Transport layer

Description of all the above stated parts is as follows:

1. Call processing (CP) – Call processing is, just like a heart to the human being, for BSC.It creates the messages which are used to be exchanged in between the BSC and BTS,BSC and MSC etc. As a example we take a ORM i.e. Origination message. Originationmessage contain three things mainly. They are:

IMSI-international mobile station identity

ESN-electronic serial number

MDN-mobile directory number

Other matter also

Call processing prepares the message as follows below:-



4. HLR (Home location register)

The HLR is a database used for storage and management of subscriptions. The home locationregister stores permanent data of the subscribers; including subscriber’s service profile, locationinformation, and activity status.

HLR tracks and manages individual subscriber information that is needed by the network toconfirm that callers are valid customers, to route calls, and to provision services. HLR is acentralized database application that provides call completion data for cellular subscribers. TheHLR database contains the administrative information for each subscriber registered in thenetwork, along with the subscriber’s current location. The HLR database is ―dipped‖ whenever

the switch in the mobile network requires subscriber information to complete a call. The HLR isthe location register to which a user identity is assigned for record purposes such as subscriberinformation (e.g. ESN, MIN, MDN, Profile Information, Current Location, and AuthorizationPeriod). The HLR shall provide these two basic functions:

It shall identify the subscribers served by the MSC.

It shall be responsible for providing instructions/data to MSCs for MS registration, callorigination and call delivery.

5. VLR (Visitor location register)

The Visitor Location Register (VLR) contains selected administrative information from theHLR, necessary for call control and provision of the subscribed services, for each mobile

currently located in the geographical area controlled by the VLR. Although each functionalentity can be implemented as an independent unit, all manufacturers of switching equipment todate implement the VLR together with the MSC, so that the geographical area controlled by theMSC corresponds to that controlled by the VLR, thus simplifying the signaling required. Notethat the MSC contains no information about particular mobile stations --- this information isstored in the location registers.

CALLS SCENARIO OF VOICE CALL FLOW

The call scenarios that shall be supported in MINS Phase 1A can be broadly classified into thefollowing types based on the voice path:

1) Intra-Network : These are the calls between subscribers located within the MINS network (home & roamed subscribers). These calls can further be classified into two sub-categories:

I. Intra MINS: Intra MINS calls are the calls in which the voice path shall beestablished between A-party and B-party both belonging to the same MINS. Thescenarios of this category shall be



a. A11-B11b. A11-B21c. A12-B22d. A12-B12e. A21-B21

f. A11-BL1g. A21-BL1h. AL1-BL1i. AL1- B11 j. AL1-B21

II. Inter MINS: Inter MINS calls are the calls in which the voice path shall beestablished between A-party and B-party belong to different MINS. The scenariosof this category shall be:

a. A11-B22

b. A11-B23c. A11-B12d. A12-B11e. A12-B21f. AL1-B22g. A11-BL2h. AL1-BL2

2) Inter-Network : These are calls between MINS and other networks. The scenarios of thiscategory shall be:

A.

Normal Cases:

· RIM-MINS(ALL- B11)· MINS-RIM(A11-BLL)· MINS-PSTN· PSTN-MINS

B. Roaming Cases :

· A11-B1L· ALL-BL1· A1L-BL1· AL1-B2L

CALL INITIATED BY THE MS OF MINS

1. Starting of BSC and BTS



2. Successful Link establishment Between BTS and BSC

3. BTS Registration

4. Successful Mobile Originated call (for the A-party)

5. Successful mobile terminated call (for the B-party)

6. voice packets flow

7. Successful Call released

Now we start with the complete description of the call started to the call completion

1. Starting of BSC and BTS- Normally BSC and BTS are as the normal personal computer aindividual is started by just switching on them.

2. Successful Link establishment Between BTS and BSC-

a) The BTs and BSC have been powered on. The BTS and BSC read theConfiguration file. In configuration file the BSC read the IP address of BTS andBSC itself. The BTS and BSC also has been initialized the port for thecommunication.

b) After receiving the IP address of BTS the BSC sends the Link Status Requestmessage to the BTS. The BSC starts timer.

c) The BTS response the BSC by sending Link status Request message. The BSCstops timer after receiving the response from BSC. At this point it considered thelink between BTS and BSC is up.

3. BTS Registration-

a) The BTS sends the Register Request message to the BSC indicating that the BTS

is available to support radio network operations. This message is repeated until aRegister Response acknowledges it.

b) The BSC sends the Register Response Message to the BTS if the registration issuccessful. From this point the BTS shall operate in the network mode. The BTSshall now be able to receive configuration information from the BSC over theAbis interface.



Now the diagrammatically BTS and BSC are shown as below on the next page.

1. Successful Mobile Originated calls (for the A-party) — initially ms sends ORM(origination message) to BSC, then BSC create the CCR (call connection reference). That

is BSC assign a reference number to every call i.e. to originated call (A party) andterminated call (B party). CCR increases up to 4294967295 calls or it is its final limit forCCR. Then normal messaging start through the stack already had been establishmentbetween BSC and BTS controller, when they were started earlier. When Abis set up isreceived by BSC, When Abis set up acknowledgement is received by BTS, and then itcreates some dedicated stacks. Now all messages and voice frames are sent on dedicatedstacks till call is released and Abis Release Ack is not received by BTS.

Now it is shown diagrammatically as on next page. Dedicated stacks are in differentcolour.



Here is the diagram of message flow during the successful mobile originated call.



5 Successful mobile termination call---Here are the messages flow during the process when B-part pick up the receiver of the phone or connect to the calling party i.e. A-party.



GENERAL CALL FLOW FOR MINS SUBSCRIBER: The call flows that shall be common to all MS present in the network are described in the generalcall flow from A-party to B-party. Specific scenarios arising due to the location or the conditionof the MS have been covered subsequently. Call flows are divided into three sections- voice, dataand message.

Voice Call Flow (BSC-MSC-HLR-BSC): An end-to-end voice call (BSC-A to BSC-B) can be divided into the following sections:

1. Registration

2. Call Initiation

3. B-Party Locating

4. Call Connection5. Call Termination

6. Feature Invocation (Only Call Forwarding Unconditional)

7. Deregistration

8. Profile Updated at the HLR

9. Data unreliable at the HLR



Registration

MS Initiated Registration

The MS may initiate registration for a number of reasons according to the parameters passed by

the BSC.

The various conditions under which a MS gets registered with the MSC can be divided into thefollowing four scenarios; Call flows for the same are discussed below:

i. Registration initiated by MS when in its Home Locationii. Registration initiated by MS when in Roaming Locationiii. Registration initiated by MS during a call (zone change/time based).iv. Multiple Registrations with Cancellation Denied at VLR.v. Registration initiated by MS when in RIM Network vi. Registration initiated by RIM MS when in MINS Network

B- Party locating

After Authorization and channel assignment A-party MSC shall try to locate the B-party servingMSC. A-party MSC shall check whether B-party belongs to its own home network (MINS) bychecking whether the B-party MDN is within the MDN range defined at the MSC. It shall bestatic lookup table maintained in the MSC.

Note: In case of MINS the MINS IP Address, MSC IP Address, VLR IP Address and the HLR IPAddress shall be the same. Each MINS shall have its own unique MSC ID. the individual nodesof MINS (MSC, BSC, HLR and VLR) shall be identified by their respective IdentificationNumber. The combination of the MSC ID and the Identification Number shall be unique to

identify a particular subsystem of the MINS. This combination shall be used to check the validityof the network element

Intra MINS Call

If B-party belongs to the originating MINS system, then MSC shall directly send ―LOCREQ” tothe HLR, else MSC shall query CLR to find the MINS IP Address and Home HLR-ID of B-party. Then, the “LOCREQ” message shall be sent to the B-Party Home HLR. Between MSCand CLR there will be flow of proprietary information.

At the B-party HLR, it shall be checked whether the A-party Current MSC is the same as the B- party Current MSC. If yes, then no ―ROUTREQ‖ message shall be sent and the HLR shall send

the ―locreq‖ message towards the MSC. In this case it shall include the B-party MDN asthe TLDN for that particular call.

The ―LOCREQ‖ message contains Bill ID (Billing Id) , Dialed Digits (B party MDN), A party

MSC-ID etc. The ―locreq” return result message contains the following parameters – MIN, ESN,

and MSCID. After getting the ―locreq” message, the B-party serving MSC shall check whether



Inter Network Call - MINS-RIM

i. MINS to PSTN – Since the called party is PSTN subscriber, there is no procedure for B-party locating. Refer section

ii. PSTN to MINS

Inter Network call – PSTN - MINS

Call Connection

The B- party serving MSC shall send the ―Assignment Request‖ message towards the B-partyserving BSC, to request for allocation of radio resources. This shall also include the port numberof the MSC for the BSC to use for voice path establishment. After allocating the radio resources



for that particular request, the B- party serving BSC shall respond by sending ―Assignment

Complete‖ message towards the B-party serving MSC. This shall also include the port number of the BSC for the MSC to use for voice path establishment.



Intra MINS Call Connection

After this, the ring back tone shall be played at the A-party MS, using RTP session through the port received in the ―CM Service Request‖.

Now the B-party Serving MSC shall send the “Alert with Information” message to the B-partyServing BSC, which shall make the handset of the B-party to start audible ringing.

When the B-party goes off-hook, the B- party serving BSC shall send a ―Connect” message to theB-party serving MSC, indicating the same.

CALL TERMINATION

Intra MINS Call Termination

When any MS wants to terminate the call, the respective Serving BSC shall send the ―Clear Request” message to its respective Serving MSC to indicate that it wishes to release allServiceOption connections and the associated dedicated resource to that MS.



The ―Clear Request” message shall contain the following parameters- Cause (OAM Intervention, Equipment failure, protocol error, radio interface failure, normal

cause) and Cause Layer 3 (when the MS sends the ―Release Order ” to clear the call), whichindicate the exact reason for sending this message



Intra MINS Call Termination

In response to ―Clear Request”, ―Clear Command” message shall be sent from serving MSC toserving BSC instructing it to release all service option connections to the MS and the associateddedicated resources. This message shall also contain the Cause and CauseLayer 3 parameters.

Then the serving BSC shall send ―Clear Complete” message to the serving MSC to inform thatall service option connections to the MS and the associated dedicated resource have beensuccessfully cleared. The ―Clear Complete” message shall have the Power Downindicator flag that indicates that the mobile powered down at the end of the call.

After that the ―Clear Command” and ― Clear Complete” message shall be exchanged to clear allthe resources for the second party engaged in the call.

Feature Invocation

The ―FEATREQ” (Feature Request) operation is used to request feature subscription onbehalf of a registered MS.

When performing digit analysis of the dialed digits received from the MS, the MSC shalldetect that the dialed digits are a feature control access. After Validating tehA-partypermissions, the Serving MSC shall send the feature code string (i.e. a string of digits

including a feature code), received from the served MS to the HLR associated with the MS inthe ―FEATREQ‖ message. The HLR shall determine the appropriate feature treatment basedon the received information and shall return this in a ―featreq” response message. In thiscase, the response from the HLR shall not include instructions for the Serving System to setup the call.

Registration Cancellation:

The Registration Cancellation (―REGCANC”) operation is used to report, to the prior serving

VLR or prior serving MSC, that a previously registered MS is no longer in its serving area. Thescenarios identified for Registration Cancellation are:

1) MS de-registration by HLR due to Single Access.2) MS de-registration by HLR due to Multiple Access – Successful scenario.3) MS de-registration by HLR due to Multiple Access – Unsuccessful scenario4) MS Deregistered by Serving MSC5) MS Deregistered by Serving VLR



6) MS Deregistered by MINS (HLR)7) MS Deregistered by RIM

Bulk Deregistration

The ―BULKDEREG” (Bulk Deregistration) operation is used by a VLR to inform the HLR thatall roaming MS data associated with the VLR has been removed.

The VLR shall send the ―BULKDEREG” message to the HLR to inform the HLR that the VLRhas removed all the roaming MS data associated with that HLR. The HLR shall acknowledge thereceipt of this message by an empty ―bulkdereg” .



Bulk Deregistration Call Flow

Unreliable Roamer Data Directive

The ―UNRELDIR ” (UnreliableRoamerDataDirective) operation is used by the HLR to inform itsassociated Serving System VLRs that it has experienced a failure, which has rendered itsroaming MS data unreliable.

The VLR shall remove all record of the MS associated with the HLR from its memory and shallacknowledge the receipt of the same via an empty ―unreldir ” .

Unreliable Roamer Data Directive Call Flow



Qualification Directive

The ―QUALDIR” (QualificationDirective) operation is used to update the authorizationinformation, profile information, or both, previously obtained for an MS.

One of the several possible results is achieved:

1. The MS is re-authorized with an indication of the authorization duration.

2. The MS is re-authorized with an indication of the authorization duration along with

the delivery of the MS’s updated calling capabilities to the serving system.

3. An update of the MS’s calling capabilities is delivered to the serving system.

4. The MS is de-authorized with reason (e.g., due to a delinquent account).

ADVANTAGES OF MINS:-

All things are done on Internet Protocol (IP). That’s why it so fast, cheaper than other

systems. Royalty on the Qualcomm chip was as below:

5$ per subscriber in INDIA

2$ per subscriber in CHINA

Nothing in U.S.A.But in the manufacture of the MINS system Qualcomm

chip for BSC was not required so automatically cost is reduced.

Compact size and can be install anywhere on a single table also. It more useful for the inter communication in between the remote areas in INDIA. After MINS launch, local calls in INDIA should be free only on the monthly rental. After MINS launch, ISD calls rate will be near about 2 Rs./min.

ACHIEVEMENTS



The knowledge we acquired from this training in depth about how a mobile makes a call andget connected to other mobile was something like having a plethora amount of knowledge inmobile network system.

It is not only just a knowledge we gained through this training, but how to cope up with the

environment, how to manage ourselves when there is no guardian with us to take care of usand to guide us and at most how to behave in office, in front of our seniors and with ourteam-mates. We were always treated as an employee there, never as a trainee, so it was also aplus point for us to have a experience of what we will really would able to get somewhereafter completing our engineering degree.

We had experienced just like that we are working in a multinational company for 45 days. Itwas incredible experience being there with those brilliant technies.

CONCLUSIONS

The 45 days summer practical training undertaken at Reliance Communication, DhirubhaiAmbani Knowledge City, Navi Mumbai was completed with a great enthusiasm and success.

The main aim of having introduced to a totally new office environment and to learn stunningnew things in life was covered in the training period.

We came near to the life what we have to face in our coming life working 12 hrs a days,6days a week and only 10-15days leave in whole year.

We came to know that life is too fast and short; this is the only time when we can dosomething to make our career. It will worth to regret afterwards in life that we have not work hard when we have to. So we have to work hard now only.

GLOSSARY

ITIC – internet technology information centre

DAKC-Dhirubhai ambani knowledge city

MINS- mobile integrated network system

MS- mobile system

BSC-Base station controller

BTS- Base transceiver system MSC-mobile switching centre

HLR-home location register

VLR-visitor location register

CLR-common location register

MGC- Media Gateway Controller

SSD-Shared Secret Data



GSM-Global System for Mobile Communication

PSTN-Public Switched Telephone Network

OTAF-Over The Air functionality

VMS-voice mail system

LIS-legal interception system

ESN-Electronic serial number MDN-mobile directory number

MAC-medium access control

MCSB-message control and status block

SIM-subscriber identity module

IMEI-International mobile equipment identity

IMSI-International mobile subscriber identity

COTS-commercial Off-the-shelf

RTOS-Real time operating system

CDMA-code division multiple access

CP-Call processing TL-Transport layer

ECAM-Extended channel assignment message

ORM-origination message

CCR- call connection reference

CRBT- caller ring back tone

ACK-Acknowledgement

MCC-Mobile country code

MCSB-message control and status block

CDR-call data recorder

CLI-caller line identification

DSP-Digital signal processing CCS-common channel signaling

UDP-user datagram protocol

OAM-operation administrator management

LAC-link access channel

MAC-Medium access channel

TCP-transmission control protocolCTR- channel transmitter reception

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