summer reinforcement
TRANSCRIPT
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Worksheet 1 Living things ......................
Worksheet 2 Classification of living
things ................................Worksheet 3 Plant classification .............
Worksheet 4 Plant nutrition ....................
Worksheet 5 Plant reproduction .............
Worksheet 6 Invertebrates .....................
Worksheet 7 Arthropods and molluscs ...
Worksheet 8 Vertebrates: fish,
amphibians, reptiles
and birds ...........................
Worksheet 9 Vertebrates: mammals .......
5 P r i m a r yReinforcement
and extension
Science, Geography and History
Contents
Reinforcement Worksheets
Worksheet 10 The digestive process ........
Worksheet 11 Respiration and excretion ...Worksheet 12 Circulation .........................
Worksheet 13 Matter and its properties ....
Worksheet 14 Changes in matter
and changes of state..........
Worksheet 15 The atmosphere
and the hydrosphere..........
Worksheet 16 The geosphere...................
Worksheet 17 Changes in the surface
of the Earth........................
Worksheet 18 Landscapes .......................Worksheet 19 Coastal landscapes ............
Worksheet 20 Rivers ................................
Worksheet 21 The watersheds of Spain ....
Worksheet 22 Climate ..............................
Worksheet 23 Population .........................
Worksheet 24 Population movement ........
Worksheet 25 The population of Spain .....
Worksheet 26 Work .................................
Worksheet 27 Economic sectors ..............
Worksheet 28 Prehistory ..........................
Worksheet 29 Antiquity ............................
Worksheet 30 The Visigoths .....................
Worksheet 31 Al Andalus and the firstChristian kingdoms ............
Worksheet 32 The Early Modern period....
Worksheet 33 Modern and Contemporary
Spain.................................
Extension Worksheets
Worksheet 1 .................. 36 Worksheet 6 ............... 46 Worksheet 11 ............... 56
Worksheet 2 .................. 38 Worksheet 7 ............... 48 Worksheet 12 ............... 58
Worksheet 3 .................. 40 Worksheet 8 ............... 50 Worksheet 13 ............... 60
Worksheet 4 .................. 42 Worksheet 9 ............... 52 Worksheet 14 ............... 62
Worksheet 5 .................. 44 Worksheet 10 ............... 54
Santillana
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The Reinforcement and extension Worksheets for Science, Geography and History,
New Science, for Year 5 of Primary Education is a collective work, created, written
and developed in the Primary Education department at Santillana Educación, S.L.
under the supervision of JOSÉ LUIS ALZU GOÑI.
Ilustrations: Domingo Benito, Nacho Gómez and José Santos
Content Editor: Mar García
English Language Specialist: Jeannette West
English Language Editor: Mady Musiol
Editorial Coordination: Michele C. Guerrini
© 2006 by Richmond Publishing
4 Kings Street Cloisters
Albion Place
London W6 0QT
© 2006 by Santillana Educación, S.L.
Torrelaguna, 60, 28043 Madrid
Richmond Publishing is an imprint
of Santillana Educación, S.L.
CP: 886992Depósito legal:
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrie-
val system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
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Worksheet
1 Reinforcement
Name Date
©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
Remember
In nature there are living things and non-living things. Living things depend
on three basic life processes: nutrition, sensitivity and r epr oduction .Living things are made up of cells.
1. Match the two columns.
Reproduction
Ingest food substances, transform them for their utilisation and eliminate waste.
Nutrition
Sensitivity
Perceive what is happening around themand respond to what they perceive.
Create offspring similar to themselves.
2. Label the parts of the plant cell.
nucleus cytoplasm membrane wall
3. True or False? Write T or F.
A cell is the smallest unit which makes up living and non-living
things. Cells have three parts: membrane, nucleus and plasma.
Cells group together to form tissues.
Living things made up of many cells are called unicellular .
■ Living things 3
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4 ■ Classification of living things
Remember
Living things are classified into large groups called kingdoms.
The three principal kingdoms are the animal kingdom , the plant kingdom
and the fungi kingdom .
1. Label the pictures: animal kingdom, plant kingdom or fungi kingdom.
2. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.
They make their own food.
They are anchored to the ground. Animals
They have a nervous system
and sense organs.Plants
They depend on other living things for food. Fungi
They move from one place to another .
■ Answer the questions.
• How are fungi and plants similar?
• How are fungi and animals similar?
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©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
Remember
Plants can be classified into: non-flowering plants and flowering plants .
Non-flowering plants never produce flowers or seeds.
They reproduce with spores. Examples are mosses and fer ns .
Flowering plants produce flowers and seeds to reproduce.
They can be classified into angiosperms and gymnosper ms .
1. Complete the word map.
Plants
non-f p f p
m f a g
2. Complete the sentences.
stems spores fruit cones
gymnosperms angiosperms
• are special cells which germinate and create a new plant
in the right conditions.
• Ferns have thick underground and large leaves.
• Gymnosperm seeds are grouped together in .
• Angiosperm seeds develop inside the .
• are called deciduous plants. This is the most numerous plant group.
• Most are trees.
■ Plant classification 5
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Worksheet
4 Reinforcement
Name Date
6 ■ Plant nutrition
▲
Remember
Plants make their own food in a process called photosynthesis.They need water, minerals, carbon dioxide and sunlight. Plants also breathe.
1. Label the drawing.
carbon dioxide•
xylem vessels•
•
raw sap
water and minerals
•
2. Complete the word map.
water food minerals oxygen sunlight
Photosynthesis
plant leaf
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©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
Worksheet
5 Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Plants use sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction to reproduce.
• Sexual reproduction uses flowers and seeds. There are three stages:
pollination, seed formation and fruit formation.
• Asexual reproduction uses other plant parts like tubers, bulbs
or stolons.
1. Label the parts of the flower.
ovary sepal petal stamens ovules
•
•
•
•
•
2. Order the stages of plant reproduction. Write 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
The flower changes into a fruit.
Pollination takes place.
Pollen forms on the stamen.
The seeds germinate.
Seeds form inside the fruit.
3. Match the two columns.
Bulbsare horizontal stems which develop roots and create
new plants when a node touches the ground.
Stolonsare thick subterranean stems which store
many nutritive substances.
Tubers are horizontal, subterranean stems.
■ Plant reproduction 7
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Worksheet
6 Reinforcement
Name Date
8 ■ Invertebrates
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Worksheet
8 Reinforcement
Name Date
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
Remember
Fish live in water, have skin covered with scales, breathe through gillsand are oviparous.
Amphibian s live in water when they are born and on land when they are adults.
They develop lungs, are oviparous, and their skin has no protective covering.
Reptiles have skin covered with hard scales, breathe through lungs
and lay eggs on land.
Birds have skin covered with feathers, have wings, breathe through lungs
and lay eggs on land.
1. Identify the invertebrate groups.
birds fish reptiles amphibians
• They live in water and breathe through gills.
• They are born in water and their skin has no protective covering.
• They have scales and breathe through lungs.
• They lay eggs on land and have wings.
2. Complete the table. Tick ✓ the boxes.
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds
Oviparous ✓
Lungs
Gills
Scales ✓
3. What do fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds have in common? Tick ✓.
They are invertebrates. They breathe through gills. They have legs.
They have scales. They are oviparous. They swim.
They have feathers. They breathe through lungs. They are vertebrates.
10 ■ Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds
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Worksheet
9 Reinforcement
Name Date
©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
Remember
Mammal characteristics: most have four limbs; a body covered with hair or fur;they breathe air through lungs; the young develop inside the female’s body
and feed on the mother ’s milk; they are warm-blooded.
The principal mammal groups are: marsupials, primates, r uminants ,carnivores, bats, cetaceans, rodents and insect eaters .
1. Tick ✓ the words which describe mammals.
animal
vertebrate
hair
legs
lungs
viviparous
terrestrial
carnivore
2. Label the pictures with the mammal group each animal belongs to.
r p r
c b c
3. Use the words to identify the animal described.
bats cetaceans primates insect eaters
• They have eyes on the front of the head.
• They are the only mammals which fly.
• They have no hind limbs.
• They have many small, sharp teeth.
■ Vertebrates: mammals 11
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Worksheet
13 Reinforcement
Name Date
©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
▼ ▼
▼ ▼
Remember
Everything in the universe is made up of matter. Matter is made up of
tiny particles called atoms.
Matter can be classified into: pure substances , which are made of only one
kind of element or compound, or mixtures, which are made of several pure
substances.
Matter has general properties like mass and volume, and characteristic
properties like density.
1. Identify and write pure substance or mixture.
• bread
• flour
• water
• granite
■ What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures? Explain.
2. Use the words to describe a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture.
Rememberthat individual components cannot be distinguished inhomogeneous mixtures, but in heterogeneous mixtures they can.
marbles flour milk sugar cocoa water
Homogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
3. Match each property of matter with the correct definition.
Mass per unit volume. Volume
The amount of matter in an object. Density
The amount of space an object occupies. Mass
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Worksheet
14 Reinforcement
Name Date ■ Matter and its properties 15
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Worksheet
14 Reinforcement
Name Date
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
Remember
Matter can undergo chemical changes like oxidation, combustion and
putrefaction, and physical changes like fragmentation, expansion, movement,
contraction, as well as changes of state.
When matter changes from one state to another, a change of state occurs.
There are six types of changes: melting, solidification, boiling, evaporation,
condensation and sublimation.
1. Identify the change of matter taking place.
• A substance changes when it burns. c
• An object changes position. m
• An object gets bigger when the temperature rises. e
• A substance changes when it reacts with oxygen. o
• An object gets smaller when it is cooled. c
• An organic substance changes when it decomposes. p
■ Now classify the changes.
Physical changes
Chemical changes
2. Identify and write the change of state taking place.
b m c
16 ■ Changes in matter and changes of state
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Worksheet
15 Reinforcement
Name Date
©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
Remember
The atmosphere is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth. It is made up
of various layers. The troposphere is the lowest layer. Plants and animals can
only live here, and weather phenomena occur here.
The hydrosphere is all the water on the planet.
The water cycle is the constant circulation of water on the Earth.
1. Complete the text.
stratosphere air ozone troposphere atmosphere oxygen
The is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth. is a mixture of gases, but it is mostly nitrogen and .
The atmosphere is made up of various layers. The lowest layer is the ; the only layer where plants and animals can live. Weather phenomena occur here. The next layer
is the . The upper part of this layer contains an area with
a high concentration of ozone, called the layer.
2. Label the stagesof the water cycle.
evaporation
condensation
solidification
melting
■ The atmosphere and the hydrosphere 17
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Worksheet
16 Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth. It has three layers: crust, mantle
and cor e .
Rocks are natural materials which make up the Earth’s crust. Rocks are
made of minerals. Rocks can be classified into three types, depending on
how they are formed: sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic.
1. Label the parts of the geosphere.
m
•
•
•
c
c
2. Tick ✓ the correct answer.
• The geosphere …
… is the part of the Earth which is under the oceans.
… is the solid part of the Earth.
• Rocks are …
… solid materials which make up the Earth’s crust and mantle.
… natural materials which make up the Earth’s crust.
• Minerals are …
… pure substances which make up rocks.
… very hard rocks.
• Depending on how they are formed, rocks can be …
… minerals.
… sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic.
18 ■ The geosphere
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Worksheet
17 Reinforcement
Name Date
©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
▼
▼
▼
▼
Remember
The surface of the Earth changes continuously. Some changes originate
internally, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.
Other changes originate externally as a result of erosion, transportand deposition or sedimentation.
1. Write the correct word. Then use the words to label the drawing.
• Very hot liquid rock. l
• An area around the crater where materials v
accumulate.
• A circular opening at the top of the volcano. c
• A vent through which the magma goes up. v
•
•
•
•
2. Match the two columns.
Erosion Movement of eroded material.
TransportThe processes which leave eroded
materials in other places.
Deposition and
sedimentation
Removal of soil and rock material bywind, water or ice.
■ Changes in the surface of the Earth 19
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Worksheet
18 Reinforcement
Name Date
20 ■ Landscapes
Remember
All the different features of the surface of the Earth make up the landscapes.
Mountain landscapes include mountains and valleys.
Plains are large areas of flat land with no hills or slopes.
They include plateaus, depressions, and coastal plains.
1. Look at the drawing. Match the two columns.
mountainmountain range
valley
mountain chain
hill
plateau
plains
depression
mountain •
valley •
mountain range •
mountain chain •
plateau •
depression •
plains •hill •
• very low mountains
• low areas between mountains
• large areas of flat land
• several mountains grouped together
• plains which are lower than the surrounding land
• raised part of the surface of the Earth
• a long line of mountains
• plains with a very high altitude
■ Explain the difference between plains and mountains.
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©
2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
Remember
The coast is the area where the land meets the sea. Coastal plains are
low-lying coasts and often have long, sandy beaches. Mountainous or very
elevated coasts are called high coasts . They usually have rocky cliffs and coves.
Some coastal landforms are: capes, gulfs, peninsulas, islands, marshes and
estuaries.
1. Look at the drawing.
cape
gulf
estuary
bay
island
archipelago
isthmus
peninsula lagoonmarsh
■ Use coastal landforms to complete the sentences.
• An e is a tidal opening where part of a river meets the sea.
• A g is a place where the sea extends into the land.
• A p is a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water.
• A m is a wetland which forms near the mouth of a river.
• A i is a piece of land completely surrounded by water.
■ Coastal landscapes 21
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Worksheet
20 Reinforcement
Name Date
22 ■ Rivers
Remember
Rivers are moving bodies of water. They originate in the mountains and
flowinto the sea, a lake or another river. We can distinguish three elements
in a river:The course is the route a river takes from its source to the mouth.
The flow is the amount of water a river carries.
The flow regime is the flow pattern of a river during the year .
1. Match the two columns.
Flow The flow pattern of a river during the year .
Flow regime A moving body of water.
Curso The amount of water that a river carries.
Río The route a river takes from its source to the mouth.
2. Complete and label the three courses of a river.
u c
The river is narrow and the
water moves swiftly.
l c
The river is wider and thewater moves very slowly.
m c
The river is wide and the water
flows slowly.
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2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
Remember
Rivers that flow into the same sea belong to the same watershed.
The rivers in Spain belong to three watersheds: the Cantabrian,
the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.
1. Look at the map. Write the name of one river in each watershed.
B a y o f B i s c a y
F R A N C E
A N D O R R A The Cantabrian watershed
▼
A
RU B a l e a r i c
I s l a n d s
The Mediterranean watershed
▼
AT LAN TI C
OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Ca na r y I s l a n d s
Ceuta
Melilla
WATERSHEDS
Cantabrian
Mediterranean
Atlantic
SCALE
127
Kilometres The Atlantic watershed
▼
2. Complete the sentences.
Cantabrian Mediterranean Atlantic
• The rivers in the watershed are short and have irregular
flow regimes, except for the Ebro.
• The rivers in the watershed have abundant flow and regular
flow regimes like the Mino and Duero.
• The rivers in the watershed are short, swift rivers with regular
flow regimes and abundant flow like the Nalon.
■ The watersheds of Spain 23
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Worksheet
28 Reinforcement
Name Date
30 ■ Prehistory
Remember
Prehistory extends from the time the first human beings appeared
up to the invention of writing. It can be divided into two periods:
The Stone Age gets its name from the stone used to make simple tools.
This period can be divided into the Palaeolithic and the Neolithic.
The Age of Metals gets its name from the metals used to make tools.
In this period, people invented the plough and wheel, and also builtthe first cities.
1. Look at the pictures. Then complete the sentences.
A B
Stone arrowheads Bronze head
• Picture A is from the because
• Picture B is from the because
2. Complete the word map.
Prehistory
Age of Age of
P N
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2006 Richmond
Publishing
/Santillana
Educación,S.L.
31■ Antiquity
Worksheet
29 Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Antiquity is the first period of recorded history. On the Iberian Peninsula,
Antiquity can be divided into two periods:
In pre-Roman times , the peninsula was inhabited by Iberian and Celtictribes. Later came the colonising civilisations: Phoenicians, Greeks and
Car thaginians .
Roman times began more than two thousand years ago when the Romans
conquered the peninsula after defeating the Carthaginians.
1. Order the arrival of the civilisations on the peninsula. Write 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Phoenicians
Romans
Greeks
Iberians and Celts
Carthaginians
2. Look at the map. What does it represent?
Tick ✓ the correct answer.
GALLAETIA
TARRACONENSIS
The Roman provinces of Hispania.
Prehistoric archaeological sites.
LUSITANIA
CARTAGINENSIS
The first inhabitants.
Roman roads.
BAETICA
■ Write the names of the Roman provinces in Hispania.
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Worksheet
30 Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In 409, different Germanic tribes invaded Roman Hispania. The Vandals ,Alans and Suevi arrived first. The Visigoths came later .
The Visigoths ruled over the entire peninsula. T oledo was the capital of their
kingdom.
The Visigoth kings unified religion and laws throughout the peninsula.
1. True or False? Write T or F.
In 409 Germanic tribes invaded Hispania. The Visigoths unified the peninsula.
Toledo was the capital of the Visigoth kingdom. The Germanic tribes were Romans.
2. Complete the table.
They came
from …
They invaded Hispania
in the year …
They came
after the …
The Visigoths
3. Tick the correct answer.
• Who were the Visigoths?
The Visigoths were a Germanic tribe from central Europe who settled
on the peninsula.
The Visigoths were allies of the Romans.
• Which Visigoth king unified the laws?
Reccared
Recceswinth
• What language and religion did the Visigoths adopt?
Latin and Christianity Greek and Islam
• Where did the Visigoths live?
In cities. In villages.
32 ■ The Visigoths
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Worksheet
31 Reinforcement
Name Date
33■ Al Andalus and the first Christian kingdoms
©
2006 Richmond
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Educación,S.L.
▼
▼ ▼ ▼
Remember
In 711 a small force of Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Al Andalus
was the name Muslims gave to the land they conquered.
Around the year 100, Al Andalus broke up into small independent kingdoms
called taifas.
The Christians remained in the north of the peninsula. In 1230
the Christian territory was divided into four large kingdoms:
the Kingdom of Navarre, the Crown of Aragon, the Crown of Castile and Portugal.
In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada, the last taifakingdom.
1. When did these events occur? Write the year.
• A force of Muslims invaded the peninsula.
• Al Andalus was divided into taifas.
• The Catholic Monarchs conquered the Kingdom of Granada.
• The Christian territories were divided into four large kingdoms.
2. Complete the sentences.
caliph king mosque Romanesque
• A Muslim temple is called a .
• The maximum authority of Al Andalus was a .
• At the beginning of the Middle Ages, Christians used an artistic style called
.
• The maximum authority of the Christians was a .
3. What were taifas? Explain
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websites
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/earth.html
http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=68http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=96
http://www.globalclassroom.org/2005/inservice/science.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/index_flash.shtmlhttp://www.xtec.es/~ealonso/flash/mapasflash.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/reconquista.htmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/primary/geography/