sun grant reporting - q2 - 2012...18! below! (fig! 2).! the! granules! were! normally!...

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16 Low cost Granulation of lignocellulosic biomass Recipient Organization: University of Georgia Principal Investigator: Sudhagar Mani Project Location: University of Georgia Reporting Period: April 1, 2012 – June 30, 2012 Date of Report: August 1, 2012 Written by: Sudhagar Mani & Shahab Sokhansanj 1. Planned Activities: Task 8c Granulation of lignocellulosic biomass Experimental investigation on various parameters: Effect of pine wood powder particle size on the quality of granules Milestones: To determine optimal particle size for generating high quality pine wood granules Deliverables: Optimized pine wood powder size to produce high quality biomass (wood) granules. 2. Actual Accomplishments: Task 8c Granulation of lignocellulosic biomass Experimental investigation on various parameters: Effect of pine wood powder particle size on the quality of granules Materials Large volume of pine wood powders were prepared using both a hammer mill with 1.58 mm and a knife mill with 0.25 mm screen size to obtain three different range of biomass particles. The particle size ranges were selected based on the ability to make granules from the preliminary study. Binder preparation Corn starch (pellet bond™) was used in this experiment with a binder concentration of 5% (wt/wt) and binder percentage based on feedstock powder (wt/wt) of ~10% (Table 1). Binder was heated to 60ºC for dissolving the corn starch in the solution. All the binder solutions were heated to 60ºC prior to spraying. Granulation experiment A laboratory scale disk (pan) granulator was used for this study. The description of the granulator and general operating conditions were similar to the procedures reported in Task 5 (Q2 Progress Report in 2011). The pan angle and granulator rpm were maintained constant throughout the experiment. Each granulation run was replicated.

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Page 1: Sun Grant Reporting - Q2 - 2012...18! below! (Fig! 2).! The! granules! were! normally! distributed!with! a mean!particle! size! of! around!11!mm.!!!! A) Pinewood!(315]500mm)B)Pinewood(160

                       

 

 

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   Low  cost  Granulation  of  lignocellulosic  biomass   Recipient  Organization:    University  of  Georgia    Principal  Investigator:    Sudhagar  Mani    Project  Location:    University  of  Georgia      Reporting  Period:    April  1,  2012  –  June  30,  2012  Date  of  Report:    August  1,  2012  Written  by:    Sudhagar  Mani  & Shahab Sokhansanj

 1. Planned  Activities:    

Task  8c  Granulation  of  lignocellulosic  biomass-­‐  Experimental  investigation  on  various  parameters:  Effect  of  pine  wood  powder  particle  size  on  the  quality  of  granules    Milestones:  To  determine  optimal  particle  size  for  generating  high  quality  pine  wood  granules    Deliverables:  Optimized  pine  wood  powder  size  to  produce  high  quality  biomass  (wood)  granules.    

 2. Actual  Accomplishments:    

Task  8c  Granulation  of  lignocellulosic  biomass-­‐  Experimental  investigation  on  various  parameters:  Effect  of  pine  wood  powder  particle  size  on  the  quality  of  granules    Materials    Large  volume  of  pine  wood  powders  were  prepared  using  both  a  hammer  mill  with  1.58  mm  and  a  knife  mill  with  0.25  mm  screen  size  to  obtain  three  different  range  of  biomass  particles.  The  particle  size  ranges  were  selected  based  on  the  ability  to  make  granules  from  the  preliminary  study.    Binder  preparation  Corn  starch  (pellet  bond™)  was  used  in  this  experiment  with  a  binder  concentration  of  5%  (wt/wt)  and  binder  percentage  based  on  feedstock  powder  (wt/wt)  of  ~10%  (Table  1).  Binder  was  heated  to  60ºC  for  dissolving  the  corn  starch  in  the  solution.  All  the  binder  solutions  were  heated  to  60ºC  prior  to  spraying.      Granulation  experiment  A  laboratory  scale  disk  (pan)  granulator  was  used  for  this  study.  The  description  of  the  granulator  and  general  operating  conditions  were  similar  to  the  procedures  reported  in  Task  5  (Q2  Progress  Report  in  2011).  The  pan  angle  and  granulator  rpm  were  maintained  constant  throughout  the  experiment.    Each  granulation  run  was  replicated.    

Page 2: Sun Grant Reporting - Q2 - 2012...18! below! (Fig! 2).! The! granules! were! normally! distributed!with! a mean!particle! size! of! around!11!mm.!!!! A) Pinewood!(315]500mm)B)Pinewood(160

                       

 

 

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 Table  1.  Granulation  runs  with  different  powder  size  ranges  

Run  #   Feedstock   Powder  size  ranges  (mm)   Binder  %  (wt/wt)  based  on  

feedstock  powder  mass  

1   Pine  wood   315-­‐500   10.08  

2   Pine  wood   160-­‐315   10.10  

3   Pine  wood   <160   10.11  

   Results      Granulation  experiment  Tables  2a-­‐b  show  the  granulation  experimental  results  from  two  granulation  trials.  The  yield  percentage  for  all   the  runs   is  above  75%  and  there   is  an   increase   in  yield  %  with  decrease  in  powder  particle  size  range.  The  final  moisture  content  (%wb)  for  all  the  runs  is  around  64%.  The  residence  time  for  all  the  runs  is  25  min.    Table  2a.  Experimental  data  for  particle  size  effect  on  granulation  (Trial  #1)  

Run  #     Feedstock   Powder  size  

ranges  (mm)  

Granulation  residence  time  

(min)  Yeild  %  

Wet  granule  moisture  content  (%wb)  

1  Pine  wood  

315-­‐500   16   75.39   63.76  

2   160-­‐315   25   89.27   64.63    

3   <160   25   85.77   63.49    

Table  2b.  Experimental  data  for  particle  size  effect  on  granulation  (Trial  #  2)  

Run  #     Feedstock   Powder  size  

ranges  (mm)  

Granulation  residence  time  

(min)  Yeild  %  

Wet  granule  moisture  content  (%wb)  

1  Pine  wood  

315-­‐500   20   87.56   63.50  

2   160-­‐315   25   91.16   64.77    

3   <160   25   94.61   64.89    

Pine  wood  powders  with  different  particle  size  ranges  were  successfully  granulated  by  using  corn  starch  binder  (Fig  1).  The  granule  size  distribution  for  these  granules  is  given  

Page 3: Sun Grant Reporting - Q2 - 2012...18! below! (Fig! 2).! The! granules! were! normally! distributed!with! a mean!particle! size! of! around!11!mm.!!!! A) Pinewood!(315]500mm)B)Pinewood(160

                       

 

 

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below   (Fig   2).   The   granules   were   normally   distributed   with   a   mean   particle   size   of  around  11  mm.    

   

A) Pine  wood  (315-­‐500  mm)                B)  Pine  wood  (160-­‐315mm)                        C)  Pine  wood  (<160mm)  

Figure  1.  Pine  wood  granules    

 Figure  2.  Pine  wood  granules  size  distribution  (pw:  Pine  wood)  

 Table  3  lists  the  summary  of  pine  wood  granules  generated  at  three  different  particle  sizes.  The  mean  granule  size  of  pine  wood  granules  made  from  different  powder  size  ranges  are  from  11  to   12  mm.   The   granules   are   very   spherical   in   shape  with  mean   sphericity   of   0.9.   The  mean  granule   hardness   was   in   the   range   from   160   to   100   N   which   is   similar   to   the   wood   pellet  hardness  (~120N).  The  single  granule  density  and  bulk  density  were  increased  with  a  decrease  in  powder  particle   size.   The  hausner   ratio   and  angle  of   repose   values   indicates   that   granules  produced   with   different   powder   size   ranges   are   having   excellent   flow   properties.   The   pine  wood  powder  below  160  mm  produced  the  highest  quality  granules  but   it  may  be  suitable  to  use  315-­‐500  mm  size  powder  for  production  of  granules  if  the  energy  required  for  fine  grinding.      

0  2  4  6  8  10  12  14  16  18  

0   5   10   15   20   25   30  

Granu

le  size    

distrib

uUon

 (%)  

Granules  size  (mm)  

Pine  wood  granules  

pw  (315-­‐500)  

pw  (160-­‐315)  

pw  (<160)  

Page 4: Sun Grant Reporting - Q2 - 2012...18! below! (Fig! 2).! The! granules! were! normally! distributed!with! a mean!particle! size! of! around!11!mm.!!!! A) Pinewood!(315]500mm)B)Pinewood(160

                       

 

 

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   One-­‐way   ANOVA   and   multivariate   comparison   of   granule   properties   at   various   particle   size  ranges  are  underway  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  powder  particle  size  on  granule  properties.        

Table  3.  Physical  and  bulk  flow  properties  of  pine  wood  granules*  

Properties  of  Granules  Pine  wood  powder  particle  sizes  

(315-­‐500  mm)   (160-­‐315  mm)   (<160  mm)  

Geometric  mean  diameter  dgw  (mm)   11.00   12.52   11.25  

Standard  deviation  of  geometric  mean  diameter  Sgw  (mm)   2.41   3.36   3.56  

Mean  Sphericity   0.89  (0.0057)   0.92    (0.0083)   0.92  (0.0071)  

Specific  surface  area  (Sv  (1/mm))   0.57  (0.03)   0.50  (0.03)   0.60  (0.11)  

Hardness  (N)   48.47  (12.47)   51.97  (14.41)   100.25  (33.48)  

Single  granule  density  (kg/m3)   380.87  (55.43)   426.02  (60.26)   453.34  (56.84)  

ASTM  Bulk  density  (kg/m3)   259.53  (4.03)   269.58  (4.09)   272.58  (2.39)  

Aerated  Bulk  density  (kg/m3)   252.22  (2.52)   260.30  (2.47)   265.09  (2.19)  

Tapped  Bulk  density  (kg/m3)   265.19  (4.21)   272.59  (1.52)   275.55  (1.74)  

Hausner  ratio   1.05  (0.016)   1.05  (0.005)   1.04  (0.013)  

Angle  of  repose  (degrees)   28.67  (4.04)   25.67  (3.79)   32  (3.61)  

 *Feedstock  powder  particle   size   range   is   given   in  brackets  and  also   the   standard  deviation   is  given  in  brackets  next  to  mean  value  of  each  property.    

3. Explanation  of  Variance:  None    

4. Plans  for  Next  Quarter:    The  following  research  task  is  planned  for  the  next  quarter  (July  1.  2012  –  September  30,  2012)  

Page 5: Sun Grant Reporting - Q2 - 2012...18! below! (Fig! 2).! The! granules! were! normally! distributed!with! a mean!particle! size! of! around!11!mm.!!!! A) Pinewood!(315]500mm)B)Pinewood(160

                       

 

 

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 Task  9  Surface  properties  of  liquid  binders      Milestones:  To  determine  surface  tension,  liquid  density,  viscosity  and  wettability  of  various  binders  and  binder  concentrations  used  in  Tasks  8a-­‐c.    Deliverables:  Properties  of  liquid  binders  used  in  the  granulation  study  to      

 5. Budget:    

 a. Funds  Expended  to  Date  (End  of  Reporting  Period):    $134,000  b. Remaining  Balance  of  Funds:  $65,000  

 6. Patents:  N/A  

 7. Publications  /  Presentations:    

Yandapalli,  V  and  S.  Mani.  2012.  Effect  of  particle  sizes  on  the  granulation  of  lignocellulosic  biomass  powders.  Presentation  at  the  2012  ASABE  Annual  International  Meeting,  July  30,  2012,  Dallas,  TX.  USA.