sunitha raju professor and chairperson indian institute of foreign trade new delhi. implications of...
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Sunitha RajuSunitha RajuProfessor and ChairpersonProfessor and Chairperson
Indian Institute of Foreign TradeIndian Institute of Foreign TradeNew Delhi.New Delhi.
Implications of RTAs on the Implications of RTAs on the Competitiveness of Indian Competitiveness of Indian
Agricultural ExportsAgricultural Exports
Indian Export (Mil US$)
Year 1960-61 1970-71 1980-811990-
91 2000-01 2008-09 2009-10
Agricultural and allied products 596 644 2601 6317 6256 17768 17963
Ores and minerals 109 217 523 834 906 7917 8699
Manufactured goods 610 1021 4738 13229 35181 127646 120167
Mineral fuels and lubricants 15 17 35 528 1931 27523 28800
Total 1330 1899 7897 20908 44274 180854 175629
Share of Agricultural Products in total goods export of India (%) 44.8 33.9 32.9 30.2 14.1 9.8 10.2
Source: Economic Survey, 2010-2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Export Import
India’s Agricultural Trade Surplus (1990-2010)
US Million $
Source: Comtrade Database
Structure of India and World Export
(% Share)
Category 1990 1995 2000 2006
India India India India
Primary 52.3 51.6 42.1 41.6
Semi-Processed
24.9 22.4 31.8 24.7
Processed 22.8 26 26.1 33.7
Total (million $)
3005.78
(100.0)
6234.53
(100.0)
6303.05
(100.0)
11510.1
(100.0)
Source: UN COMTRADE (WITS), HS 1988/92 classification
Trends in Major Agricultural Exports (As % of World Exports)
Products 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2009
Coffee/coffee substitute 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.9
Edible products 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4
Fruit/nuts, fresh/dried 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8
Milk/butter/cheese 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.5
Oil seeds/oil fruits 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.8
Rice 7.6 20.6 10.2 14.4 18.2 15.9
Spices 10.9 10.7 10.2 9.7 16.0 17.0
Sugar/molasses/honey 0.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 4.8 0.3
Tea and mate 27.6 17.6 17.4 9.6 9.0 9.9
Vegetables,frsh/chld/frz 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.8
Wheat products 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.0
Marine Products 0.3 0.7 1.3 1.2 2.1 2.0
Cashew nuts, fresh/dried 59.9 55.9 42.7 28.3 28.5 39.5
Tobacco, raw and wastes 2.5 2.3 2.7 3.4 3.8 6.7
Cotton 11.2 5.25 7.67 6.6 16.9 13.2
Source: Calculations based on SITC rev 3, UN Comtrade database
Direction of India’s Exports (Share %)
Partner Regions 1991 1995 2000 2002 2005 2009
Africa 1.83 1.79 3.30 5.01 7.31 8.55
America 9.08 10.80 14.26 12.84 11.42 10.19
Asia (excl. Middle East)
24.02 29.52 26.81 33.58 30.97 32.64
Middle East 15.67 14.75 13.34 14.48 15.58 14.27
Europe 25.53 24.62 24.04 18.90 18.39 18.20
Oceania 0.67 0.80 0.75 0.82 0.96 1.17
Source: India Trades, CMIE
India’s Export Competitive Products
1. Share of competitive products share increasing accounted for 76.2% of export value in 2006 as against
69.3% in 2003
2. Concentration of competitive products in the following products:
meat (02), Fish (03), Edible Fruits & nuts (08), Tea & Pepper (09), Cereals (10), Oil seeds (12), Food residues (23) & Tobacco (24)
3. Competitive products share low or non existent : cut flowers, edible vegetables, sugar, dairy, preparation of cereals
These trends imply that India is able to maintain export competitiveness in primary and semi processed products
Sustaining Export Markets
1. Traditional markets are declining or stagnant . (Fish, Cereals Coffee, Tea and Black pepper).
2. Export markets expanding for products diversified into value added exports. (Fish, Coffee, Black Pepper, Oil Seeds and Processed Food).
3. In traditional markets, India is loosing market share to competing suppliers. China (Fish, Ground Nut, Liquour, Vegetable) Vietnam (Vegetables, Cashew Nut, Pepper) Sri Lanka (Tea) EU and USA (Tobacco Products)
ASEAN-India Agricultural Trade Characteristics
Year Exports ImportsTotal Trade
(Export+ Import)Trade
BalanceExport/Import
Ratio
1. India's Trade with ASEAN
2000 880.00 1101.10 1981.10 -221.10 0.80
2003 1208.60 2264.90 3473.50 -1056.30 0.53
2006 1853.70 2040.57 3894.30 -186.90 0.91
2008 3811.09 3740.00 7552.00 71 1.02
2. ASEAN's Trade with India
2000 1296.60 832.15 2128.75 464.45 1.56
2003 1852.00 1049.35 2901.39 802.69 1.76
2006 1769.80 1623.38 3393.19 146.42 1.09
2008 1135.45 2056.14 3191.59 -920.69 0.55
Source : WITS Comtrade Database Note : Agricultural products includes HS chapter 1-24, 40 and 52
(US Mil $)
India’s Export to ASEAN having Increasing Shares
(US Mill. $)
India’s Export to ASEAN India’s Export to World
Code 2000 2006 2000 2006
Dairy Products (04) 2.49 (5.39)
14.89(8.36)
46.27 178.11
Edible Vegetables (07) 29.65(11.02)
80.34(12.91)
269.09 622.35
Edible fruit (08) 8.91(1.46)
21.08(2.40)
608.54 878.45
Tea, spices and coffee(09) 23.26(2.67)
138.61(11.64)
870.84 1190.98
Oilseed (12) 82.60(24.40)
176.35(33.14)
338.58 532.20
Vegetable preparations (14) 0.25(1.35)
1.32(5.02)
18.66 26.30
Cereal preparations(19) 3.10(7.80)
12.22(9.22)
39.78 132.47
Edible Preparations(21) 6.09(4.84)
12.94(6.60)
125.89 195.96
Tobacco(24) 10.93(5.65)
56.20(15.12)
193.60 371.74
Natural Rubber (40) 41.8(11.33)
115.7(9.72)
368.7 1190
Cotton (52) 130.05(5.2)
287(7.8 )
2445.50 3916.82
Source : WITS Database Note : Figures in the brackets are ASEAN’s share in India’s export to the World
India’s Major Export to ASEAN
Product Categories
Product Codes Product Description
India’s Export to ASEAN (Million $)
2003 2006
MeatProducts (02)
20210, 20220, 20230Carcasses, Bovine Animals, Fresh Or Chilled, and Others
134.95 194.74
FishProducts (03)
30374, 30379, 30613, 30614, 30624
Flat Fishes, Tunas, Livers, Mussels, Not Frozen and Others
75.02 59.56
Ediblevegetables (07)
70310, 70320Chickpeas, Beans, Cassava and Sweet Potatoes
37.89 73.68
Coffee and Tea Products (09)
90411, 90412, 90420, 90920, 90930,
90950Tea, Spices, Coffee Roasted 19.21 107.22
Cereals (10) 100510,100590, 100610, 100630Maize seed, Rice in the husk, milled rice
38.39 55.43
Oil Seeds (12) 120210, 120220, 120740Lin Seed, Palm Nuts, Mustard, Castor Oil, Seaweeds and Others
76.14 161.06
Sugar Products (17) 170111, 170191, 170199 Raw Sugar and Others 74.94 45.31
Residues and waste from the food industries (23)
230400, 230630, 230640, 230670Of Maize, Wheat, Oil Seeds, Cotton Seeds, Sunflower Seeds
306.92 560.96
Cotton (52)
520100, 520511, 520521, 520522,520523, 520524, 520541, 520548, 520710, 520790, 20811, 520821, 520831, 520911, 520942
Dyed Cotton, Bleached Cotton, Unbleached Cotton, Fabrics
110.91 267.11
Source: UNCTAD Comtrade Database
India's Potential Export to ASEAN
ProductGroup
Product Code(6 Digit)
ProductDescription
ASEAN Import from World
2003 2006
Fish Products (03) 030374, 030379, 030613, 030624
Frozen Fish, Crabs, Frozen Mackerel, Anchovies
613.3(11.8)
806.3(7.6)
Edible vegetables (07) 070310, 070320 Onions and Shallots, Fresh or Chilled Garlic
195.3(21.6)
401.1(16.5)
Coffee, tea and spice products (09)
090411, 090920 Dried Pepper, Seeds Of Coriander
73.6(10.1)
70.1(13.6)
Cereals (10) 100510, 100590, 100610, 100630
Maize Seed, Rice in The Husk, Milled Rice
1060.1(2.6)
1831.6(2.3)
Sugars Products (17) 170111, 170191, 170199 Raw Cane Sugar, Cane Or Beet Sugar
590.6(3.0)
1214.2(1.7)
Residues and waste from the food industries (23)
230400, 230670 Soya-Bean and Maize Residue.
1449.3(11.3)
1924.0(25.0)
Cotton Products (52) 520100, 520522, 520524, 520811, 520812, 520819, 520832, 520839, 520852, 520859, 520911, 520929
Carded or Combed Cotton, Single Yarn, Plain Wave, Other Fabrics
1711.4(0.9)
2048.4(7.5)
Source : UNCTAD Comtrade Database Note : Figures in brackets represent India’s share in total import of
ASEAN
(US Mil. $)
India’s Major Imports from ASEANIndia’s Major Imports from ASEAN
Imports required to meet domestic supply deficit Imports required to meet domestic supply deficit vegetable fats, chickpeas, natural rubbervegetable fats, chickpeas, natural rubber
Imports with potential threatImports with potential threat Tea, Pepper, Turmeric & TobaccoTea, Pepper, Turmeric & Tobacco
Other rising imports (cereal & vegetable products, Other rising imports (cereal & vegetable products, cocoa)cocoa)
India’s Major Import from ASEAN
Product Categories
Product Codes Product Description India’s Import from ASEAN
(000’ $ )
2003 2006
FishProducts (03)
30379, 30612, 30613, 30741, 30749
Shrimps , prawns, cut fish, Lobsters and other frozen fish
1,865.554 964.514
Products of animal origin (05) 50800, 51199 Coral and similar materials 1,291.584 186.905
Ediblevegetables (07)
71310, 71320, 71331, 71332,71333, 71339, 71390
Chickpeas, Beans and other beans 215279 456735
Edible Fruit (08) 080131 Cashew nuts :-- In shell 37009 35151
Coffee and Tea Products (09) 90111,90240, 90411, 9061090700,90810, 90820, 90910,91030
Coffee, not roasted, Other black tea, Pepper, Cloves, Nutmeg, Mace, Turmeric
43,705.014 74,089.184
Milling Products (11) 110812, 110814, 110819 Starches, Maize, Manioc, other starches
1,558.573 2,817.059
Oil Seeds (12) 120890, 120930, 120991, 121190 Seeds of herbaceous, Vegetable seeds, other
6,050.213 8,082.133
Lac and Gum (13) 130110, 130190, 130232 Lac , Vegetable saps, other 6164 22107
Vegetable Fats (15) 150710, 150790, 151110,151190,151211, 151319,151321, 151329, 151620, 152000
Crude oil, Sunflower-seed, Coconut oil, Palm kernel, Vegetable fats, Glycerol
1740406 1249590
Cocoa (18) 180100, 180400,180500,180620, 180690
Cocoa beans, Cocoa powder, Other preparations in blocks, Cocoa butter
9366 6378
Contd….
India’s Major Import from ASEAN
Product Categories
Product Codes Product Description India’s Import from ASEAN
(000’ $ )
2003 2006
Cereal Preparation (19) 190110, 190300, 190530, 190590 Preparations for infant use, Tapioca, Sweet biscuits
1,029.530 3,275.702
Vegetable Preparation (20)
200410, 200799, 200919, 200940 Potatoes, Orange juice, Pineapple juice, Extracts
1,077.862 1,787.708
Miscellaneous Preparation (21)
210111, 210390, 210690 Extracts, and others 940.217 4,605.822
Residues and waste from the food industries (23)
230120, 230650, 230660, 230890 Flours, coconut or copra, Other, palm nuts
11096 17851
Tobacco (24) 240120, 240220 Cigarettes containing tobacco, Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed
2,135.277 4,716.975
Natural Rubber (40) 400121, 400122, 400129, 400219,400220,400299,400700,400811400910, 401029, 401110
Natural Rubber, Styrene, Transmission belts, rubber used on aircraft, Gaskets, washers, Vulcanized rubber, rubber thread
51584 116684
Cotton (52) 520100 , 520299, 520829, 520833520839, 520859, 520942, 521031
Bleached, Plain weave, yarns of different colors, Printed, Unbleached
5,871.528 7,165.482
Source: UNCTAD Comtrade Database
India’s Potential Import from ASEAN
Product Categories
Product Codes Product Description
India’s Import from ASEAN (000’ $ )
2003 2006
Ediblevegetables (07)
71310, 71320, 71331, 71332,71333, 71339, 71390
Chickpeas, Beans and other beans215279
(38)456735
(54)
Edible Fruit (08) 080131 Cashew nuts :-- In shell37009(13)
35151(9)
Coffee and Tea Products (09)
90111, 90240, 90411, 9061090700, 90810, 90820, 90910,91030
Coffee, not roasted, Other black tea, Pepper, Cloves, Nutmeg, Mace, Turmeric
31838(43)
74759(52)
Lac and Gum (13) 130110, 130190, 130232 Lac , Vegetable saps, other6164(34)
22107(52)
Animal Products (15)
150710, 150790, 151110,151190, 151211, 151319,151321, 151329, 151620,152000
Crude oil, Sunflower-seed, Coconut oil, Palm kernel, Vegetable fats, Glycerol
1740406(71)
1249590(55)
Cocoa (18)180100, 180400,180500, 180620, 180690
Cocoa beans, Cocoa powder, Other preparations in blocks, Cocoa butter
9366(61)
6378(23)
Residues and waste from the food industries (23)
230120, 230650, 230660, 230890
Flours, coconut or copra, Other, palm nuts11096(26)
17851(57)
Natural Rubber (40)
400121, 400122, 400129, 400219, 400220,400299,400700,400811400910, 401029, 401110
Natural Rubber, Styrene, Transmission belts, rubber used on aircraft, Gaskets, washers, Vulcanized rubber, rubber thread
51584(38)
116684(34)
Source : UNCTAD Comtrade Database
Duty Categories: Import Trends of the Listed Products (2000-2008)
Normal Track 1 Normal Track 2
Sensitive List Exclusion ListsTotal
2000-04 2004-08
2000-04 2004-08
2000-04 2004-08
2000-04 2004-08
2000-04 2004-08
Indonesia 10954(13.72
)
61173(24.55)
7398 (9.27)
8942(3.59)
8330
(10.4)
11171(4.48)
53144(66.57
)
167859 (67.37)
79826
249145
Philippines 171(12.6)
1154(28.3)
114 (8.4)
394 (9.6)
- - 1072(79)
2528 (62)
1357 4076
Vietnam 3752 (40.34
)
12751(53.31)
2122(22.8
1)
1518 (6.35)
- -3428 (36.8)
9648(40.3)
9302 23917
Malaysia 20475(35.4)
25046 (32.25)
2057 (3.56)
3946 (5.08)
4856
(8.3)
7989 (10.28)
30458(52.6)
40671(52.3)
57846
77652
Thailand 29783 (50.9)
101786 (50)
4043 (6.91)
11353 (5.58)
4371
(7.4)
15787(7.7)
20301(34.7)
74633(36.7)
58498
203559
Singapore 0 (0)
0(0)
1775(11.3
6)
1354 (5.8)
7086
(46.4)
11958(51.21)
6398 (41.9)
10038(42.9)
15259
23350
Total (ASEAN) 65135 (5.03)
201910(6.5)
17509(1.35)
27507(0.89)
24643
(1.9)
46905 (1.51)
114801(52)
305377(52.5)
222088
581699
Source: UNCTAD Comtrade DatabaseNote: Figures in brackets are % share to the total imports
(000’ $)
Duty Categories: A Comparison of NT & Exclusion Products of ASEAN Member Countries with that of the
World Imports
Normal Track 1 & 22000-04
2004-08
Exclusion (+ Sensitive)
2000-04 2004-08
1 Indonesia 2.78 2.96 5.09 5.69
2 Vietnam 1.16 1.06 0.36 0.56
3 Malaysia 2.1 1.23 2.9 1.77
4 Thailand 3.2 4.78 2.08 3.3
5 Singapore 1.85 0.89 1.1 0.94
Total ASEAN
(US Mill. $)
93313(2.47)
227869(2.6)
138372(2.4)
349754(2.7)
Source: UNCTAD Comtrade DatabaseNote: Figures in brackets are share in world imports
(% share)
Duty Structure Across Product GroupsDuty Structure Across Product Groups
1.1. Tariff lines under Tariff lines under ExclusionExclusion & & SensitiveSensitive more than more than Normal TrackNormal Track
Cereals, Vegetable fats, Beverage & Spirits, Tobacco products
2.2. Tariff lines under Tariff lines under Normal Track Normal Track more than more than ExclusionExclusion & & SensitiveSensitive
Food residues, Cereal preparation, Sugar & Food residues, Cereal preparation, Sugar & confectionary, Fish preparationconfectionary, Fish preparation
3.3. Equal distribution of tariff lines under Equal distribution of tariff lines under Normal TrackNormal Track and and Exclusion & SensitiveExclusion & Sensitive
Natural rubber, Vegetable preparation, Oil seeds, Natural rubber, Vegetable preparation, Oil seeds, Edible fruits, Edible vegetablesEdible fruits, Edible vegetables
Contd…..
Duty Structure Across Product GroupsDuty Structure Across Product Groups
4.4. Coverage of tariff lines is more than what is being Coverage of tariff lines is more than what is being importedimported
Implicit protectionImplicit protection Vegetable fats, Fish, Dairy, Edible fruits, Natural Vegetable fats, Fish, Dairy, Edible fruits, Natural
rubber & vegetable preparationrubber & vegetable preparation
Implicit disprotectionImplicit disprotection Meat products, Meat preparation, Edible Meat products, Meat preparation, Edible
Vegetables, Cereal preparation, Food residue.Vegetables, Cereal preparation, Food residue.
Product-wise Potential Imports under Various Duty Categories
Country Potential Imports under NT1 Potential Imports under NT2
Potential import protection under Sensitive List
Potential import protection under Exclusion List
1 Indonesia Fish, Edible vegetables, Natural Rubber
Oilseeds, Lac & Gum Tea & Spices, Natural Rubber
Edible fruits, Tea & Spices, Vegetable fats, Food residues, Natural Rubber
2 Philippines Edible vegetables, lac & gum, and Natural Rubber
Lac & Gum, Beverages & Spirits
_ _
3 Vietnam Coffee, Tea & Spices, Beverage spirits, Food Residue & Natural Rubber
_ _ Coffee, Tea & Spices, Edible fruits, Natural Rubber
4 Malaysia Edible Vegetables, Sugar & Confectionary, Edible Preparation, Natural Rubber
Cocoa products, Beverages & spirits
Natural Rubber, Food Residues
Dairy Products, Vegetable Fats, Cocoa Products, Food Residues, Tobacco, Natural Rubber
5 Thailand Edible Vegetables, Edible Fruit, Sugar & Confectionary, Edible Preparation, Food Residue
Flowers, Oilseeds, Lac & Gum, Sugar & Confectionary, Cereal Preparation, Beverages & Spirits
Food Residues, Natural Rubber
Flowers, Milling industry, Edible preparations, Natural Rubber
6 Singapore _ Cereal preparation Beverages & Spirits
Natural Rubber Vegetable fats, coca products, Beverages & spirits, Tobacco, Natural Rubber
Source- Authors own calculations
India’s Potential Import from ASEAN
Product Categories
Product Codes Product Description Share of India’s Import from ASEAN between 2006-2008 (%)
NT1 and NT 2 EL and SL Special
Ediblevegetables (07)
71310,71320,71331,71332,71333, 71339,71390
Chickpeas, Beans and other beans 99.94 0.06 -
Edible Fruit (08) 080131 Cashew nuts :-- In shell 100 - -
Coffee and Tea Products (09)
90111,90240, 90411, 9061090700,90810, 90820, 90910,91030
Coffee, not roasted, Other black tea, Pepper, Cloves, Nutmeg, Mace, Turmeric
51 7 42
Lac and Gum (13) 130110, 130190, 130232 Lac , Vegetable saps, other 57 0 43
Animal Products (15) 150710, 150790, 151110, 151190 ,151211, 151319,151321, 151329, 151620,152000
Crude oil, Sunflower-seed, Coconut oil, Palm kernel, Vegetable fats, Glycerol
- 7 93
Cocoa (18) 180100, 180400,180500,180620, 180690
Cocoa beans, Cocoa powder, Other preparations in blocks, Cocoa butter
64 36 -
Residues and waste from the food industries (23)
230120, 230650, 230660, 230890
Flours, coconut or copra, Other, palm nuts
66 34 -
Natural Rubber (40) 400121, 400122, 400129, 400219, 400220, 400299,400700,400811, 400910, 401029, 401110
Natural Rubber, Styrene, Transmission belts, rubber used on aircraft, Gaskets, washers, Vulcanized rubber, rubber thread
12 88 -
Source: - Calculation based UNCTAD Comtrade Database Note- figures in the brackets are ASEAN’s share in India’s Import from the world. Products code in Bold are Sensitive and Exclusion listed, in normal
are NT1 and NT2, and Italic are other products
Is There an Import ThreatIs There an Import Threat
EL & SL account for 88% import of Rubber, 34% for Food EL & SL account for 88% import of Rubber, 34% for Food residues, 36% for Cocoa products, Coffee, Tea & Spices : 43%residues, 36% for Cocoa products, Coffee, Tea & Spices : 43%
NT1 & NT 2 account for 99% of imports of Edible Vegetables NT1 & NT 2 account for 99% of imports of Edible Vegetables and Fruits.and Fruits.
Tariff reduction nominal for Coffee, Tea & Spices; Oilseeds.Tariff reduction nominal for Coffee, Tea & Spices; Oilseeds. Tariff reduction for products which do not threaten food security Tariff reduction for products which do not threaten food security
or Livelihood (Edible veg, Edible fruits, Beverages & spirits, or Livelihood (Edible veg, Edible fruits, Beverages & spirits, Sugar & Confectionery)Sugar & Confectionery)
ConclusionsConclusions
1. 1. Most rising imports placed under EL. Thus, duty Most rising imports placed under EL. Thus, duty concessions have no significant impact concessions have no significant impact
2. Imports of Tea, Coffee, Spices are rising from World and 2. Imports of Tea, Coffee, Spices are rising from World and ASEAN because of Advance License scheme. Will ASEAN because of Advance License scheme. Will continue to rise in post-FTA periodcontinue to rise in post-FTA period
3. For Natural Rubber, the duty structure does not deviate 3. For Natural Rubber, the duty structure does not deviate from the existing trendsfrom the existing trends
4. With respect to Edible Oils, there is a need to take 4. With respect to Edible Oils, there is a need to take comprehensive view of imports under other FTA’s comprehensive view of imports under other FTA’s particularly ISLFTAparticularly ISLFTA
5. Export potential opportunities exist but would require 5. Export potential opportunities exist but would require developing export competitivenessdeveloping export competitiveness
INDIA - SRI LANKA FTA
Duty Concessions under ISLFTA
Duty Concessions for Sri Lankan Exports to India
Tariff Reduction Tariff Lines Remarks
1998 2005
100% 1351 4150
50% 2799 0 To be made duty free from 2004
50%-Tea 5 5 50% fixed tariff concession for imports of tea from Sri Lanka (Annual maximum quota of 15 million Kilograms)
50%-Garments 233 233 Garments covering Chapters 61 & 62 while remaining in the negative list, will be given 50 percent tariff concessions on a fixed basis, subject to an annual restriction of eight million pieces, of which six million shall be extended the concession only if made of Indian fabric. On utilization of the unrestricted quota, an additional quota of 2 million pieces out of 8 million pieces is permitted. The quota level per category is increased from 1.5 million to 2 million pieces per category per year.
25%-Textiles 528 528 Concessions of Textile items restricted to 25 percent on Chapters 51-56, 58-60, & 63. Four Chapters under the Textile sector retained in the negative list (Chapters 50, 57, 61, and 62)
0% 196 196 Negative List
Contd….
Duty Concessions for Indian Exports to Sri Lanka
Tariff Reduction
Tariff Lines Remarks
1998 2005
100% 319 1208
50% 889 0
35% 2724 2724 Subject to 70% tariff reduction in 2006, and 100% in 2008
0% 1180 1180 Negative List
Duty Concessions under ISLFTA
Source: Kelegama and Mukherji, 2007
ISLFTA: Comparison of Average Agricultural Imports from Sri Lanka and
World ('000 US$)
Commodity Group 1993-94 to1999-2000
2000-2001 to2005-06
1993-94 to1999-2000
2000-2001 to2005-06
Imports from SL
Imports fromSL
Imports fromWorld
Imports from World
I. Duty Free 173.3(0.08%)
207.5(0.04%)
207741.4 490071.4
02 Meat & Edible Meat 0 0 112.5 161.4
06 Live Trees & Other Plants 0 0 4215.7 1900
07 Edible Vegetables 255 105 216825.7 460304.3
14 Vegetables Products 3.3 0 985.7 2240
II. Concessional List 12158.6(0.88%)
63338.6(1.81%)
1379944.2 3490882.8
03 Fish & Crusta Nil 56.7 5944.3 11247.1
05 Products of Animal Origin 367.1 518.6 5858.6 12201.4
08 Edible Fruits 1508 2011.4 321291.4 478380
09 Coffee, Tea, Mate & Spices 3638.6(12.5%)
24028.5(21.6%)
29207.1 111067.1
11 Products of 5 82.9 Nil 9210
12 Oilseed & Oleaginan 227.1 768.6 14800 41775.71
13 Lac, gum 665.7 1085.7 24467.1 35225.71
Contd….
Commodity Group 1993-94 to1999-2000
2000-2001 to2005-06
1993-94 to1999-2000
2000-2001 to2005-06
Imports from SL
Imports from SL
Imports from
World
Imports from World
15 Animal & Vegetable fats 1845.7(0.3%)
29457.14(1.5%)
666961.4 2020749
18 Cocoa & Cocoa Products 50 58.5 5521.4 14750
19 Preparations of Cereal 63.3 135.7 28324.2 19120
20 Preparation of Vegetable Products
20 11.4 1192.8 14398.57
21 Miscellaneous edible 0 51.4 50201.4 34477.1
23 Residues & wastefrom food indus.
16.6(0.06)
804.2(1.4%)
26747.1 58694.2
24 Tobacco products 40 15 3411.4 10901.43
40 Rubber Products 3360 4205.7 233877.1 445810
III. Negative List 3380(1.39%)
4247.1(0.46%)
243382.9 924494.3
22. Beverages & Spirit 28 41.4 9505.7 68210
40 Rubber Products 3360 4205.7 233877.1 445810
IV All agricultural Products 15612.9 (0.85%)
67645.7(1.53%)
1845354.2 4414125.7
ISLFTA: Comparison of Average Agricultural Imports from Sri Lanka and
World ('000 US$)
Sri Lanka's Import from World and India (Neg. list prepared by Sri Lanka
Code 2001 2003 2005
World India World India World India
Meat Products (02) 3.15 0.02 3.46 0.00 3.25 0.00
Fish Products (03) 95.22 0.00 94.80 0.02 103.56 0.15
Dairy Products (04) 114.57 0.06 119.71 0.05 135.83 0.31
Live Trees and Plants (06) 8.97 0.01 10.16 0.01 10.48 0.02
Edible Vegetables (07) 134.40 0.00 111.45 0.03 141.41 0.05
Edible Fruit (08) 54.19 0.06 65.07 0.57 66.13 1.33
Tea, Coffee and Spices (09) 820.78 18.87 831.13 18.96 994.07 32.99
Cereals (10) 127.52 0.00 229.69 0.00 216.03 0.00
Milling Products (11) 10.36 0.12 14.23 0.24 65.99 0.39
Oilseed (12) 13.82 0.00 15.11 0.09 18.03 0.45
Lac and Gums (13) 0.65 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.69 0.02
Vege. Plaitingmaterials (14)
7.73 0.00 9.10 0.00 10.24 0.00
Animal and VegetableFats (15)
32.65 0.00 99.79 0.00 451.77 0.00
Contd..
Sri Lanka's Import from World and India (Neg. list prepared by Sri Lanka
Code 2001 2003 2005
World India World India World India
Meat and SeafoodPreparation (16)
17.42 1.30 19.24 5.68 27.48 14.29
Sugar and sugarConfectionary (17)
179.78 0.03 190.99 0.17 148.87 0.29
Cocoa (18) 5.26 0.01 4.82 0.03 4.17 0.09
Cereal and flourpreparation (19)
17.38 0.23 23.51 0.10 24.19 0.04
Vegetable and Fruit Preparation (20)
11.00 0.00 13.85 0.07 13.62 0.03
Miscellaneous (21) 26.58 0.22 36.53 0.11 33.66 0.06
Beverages (22) 16.50 0.00 21.37 0.03 22.36 0.04
Residues (23) 20.29 0.00 23.25 1.25 23.62 1.79
Tobacco (24) 90.70 0.00 91.15 0.00 105.43 0.05
Source: UNCTAD Comtrade Database
Sri Lanka’s Import from India and World (Residue list Products)
Figs in 1000$
Product Description World India World India World India
2001 2001 2003 2003 2005 2005
Live Animals (01) 0.95 4.35 1.13
Meat Products (02) 48.26 58.51 51.55
Fish Products (03) 49,974.99 3,621.92 43,267.99 3,889.60 42,035.56 3,862.80
Products of animal origin (05)
4,700.27 128.10 3,999.06 9.27 1,129.88 0.28
Edible Vegetables (07) 5,239.18 67.49 4,049.68 26.79 4,656.16 109.35
Edible Fruit (08) 2,138.95 106.05 1,931.70 128.39 1,374.20 137.11
Cereals (10) 13.12 16.32 0.00 8.35 0.80
Milling Products (11) 1,639.46 2,653.07 2,752.52
Oilseed (12) 2,764.38 623.00 3,441.84 522.97 4,955.52 905.09
Lac and Gums (13) 643.46 50.10 724.69 32.37 637.48 23.61
Vegetables. Plaiting materials (14)
22.20 29.03 65.55
Animal and Vegetable Fats (15)
227.62 99.64 575.07 91.17 1,351.95 199.84
Residues (23) 22,966.17 14,038.02 43,365.08 14,644.99 65,991.08 27,872.76
Cotton (52) 399,360.17 70,741.52 486,370.42 65,587.46 609,111.64 86,256.02
Source -UNCTAD Comtrade Database
India’s Major Export to Sri Lanka
Product Categories
Product Codes Product Description India’s Export to Sri Lanka (Million $)
2003 2006
FishProducts (03)
030559, (RL) Dry fish 1.37 3.70
Ediblevegetables (07)
070190,070310,071320,071340,071390, (N.L.)
Chickpeas, Beans, Cassava and Sweet Potatoes
21.22 40.13
Coffee and Tea Products (09)
090240,090420, (N.L) Tea , ,spices ,Coffee roasted 3.53 4.69
Cereals (10) 100190,100590, (N.L) Durum wheat and others 33.37 12.82
Sugar Products (17)
170111, 170191, 170199, (N.L) Raw sugar and others 53.32 74.90
Residues and waste from the food industries (23)
230400,(RL) 230990,(NL) Of Maize, Wheat, oil seeds, cotton seeds, Sunflower seeds
26.70 28.07
Cereal and flour Preparations(19)
190110,190190, (N.L) Preparations of infant and others 1.22 5.99
Cotton (52) 520511,520521,520535,520710,520790, (RL)520811,520831
Dyed cotton, Bleached cotton, unbleached cotton, fabrics
31.96 50.84
Source- WITS Comtrade DatabaseNote- RL- Residual List, NL-Negative List (Both the lists are prepared by Sri Lanka)