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elnan ljt/0fsfqmddf /fª\;Lsf ljleGg Snatyf ljBfnonfO{ u/]sf] lyof],Sna tkm{ a/fxIf]q o'jf Sna/fª\;L–* / hnhnf o'jf;dfh kf5fafª, uhn :d[lto'jfSna /fª\;LnfO{ ljt/0fu/]sf] lyof] . ljt/0fsfo{qmdsf] ;Grfng Uf|fdL0flzIff ;+/If0f s]Gb| bfªsfsf]l8g]6/ lu/L/fh dx/fn]ug'{ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

à /d]z 8fFuL

k fls:tfgdf elnanv ]n e } /x]s f ] 7fp Fd f adlj:kmf]6 x'Fbf kfFr hgfsf] d[To'ePsf] 5 eg] ;fthgf 3fO{t]ePsf 5g\ . kfls:tfgsf] pQ/klZrdl:yt saofnL O{nfsfdfelnan k|ltof] lutf e}/x]sf];dodf ad la:k mf ]6 x' F bfpgLx? df l/Psf ] k | x/ Ln ]hgfPsf] 5 . v]n d}bfgdfla:kmf]6s kbfy{n] el/Psf] ad/flvP klg clxn];DDf s'g};d"xn] lj:kmf]6sf] lhDd]jf/LlnPsf] 5}g . o;}aLr k|wfgdGqLgjfh ;l/kmn] 36gfsf] lgGbfub} { kfls:tfgaf6 r/dkGyL;d"xnfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

ad ljikmf]6

ljb]zdf h:t} :jb]zd} d]xgt ug{ ;s] oxfF klg ;'gkmNg;S5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] slxNo} a'em\b}gf}+ . u/] s] 5}g /b]zdf t/ o'jfx? ljb]lzg'eGbf c? s'g} ljsNk vf]Hb}gg\ .s'g} afWotfn] t s'g} /x/n] cg]sf}+ axfgfdf xhf/f}+ o'jfx?lbgk|lt lbg ljb]lz/x]sf 5g\ . k/b]zdf klg s'g} ?vdfkmn]sf] k};f l6Kg t kfO{b}g b'Mv kl/>d u/]/ sdfpgsf nflug} aflxl/G5g\ . ToxL kl/>d :jb]zdf nufgL ug]{ xf] eg] ;'gkmnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f eg] o'jfx? lal;{G5g\ . ljb]zsf]d?e"lddf lgs} d]xgt / si6;lxt sdfPsf] b'O{k};f klgs;}n] ;b'kof]u u5{g\ eg] s;}n] kmh'nvr{ ug]{ ub{5g\ .sf]xL b'Mvdfly b'Mv kfpFb} sdfPsf] /sd xft gkfb}{ n'l6g,s'l6g ;d]t k'U5g\ eg] s;}s;}n] t Hofg} ;d]t u'dfpg]u/]sf] lttf] oyfy{sf 36gfx? lbgk|ltlbg g36]sf xf]O{gg\ t/tL ;d:of a'em\g] s;n] < b]zsf] d]?b08 o'jfx? lbgk|ltlbgknfog x'Fbf /fi6«nfO{ k|ToIf ck|ToIf b'a}tkm{af6 3f6f k'lu/x]sf]5 . t/ klg ;/sf/ df}g 5 . g t o'jfx?sf] nflu s'g}ultnf] sfd ;'Dk]sf] 5 g t ultnf] cj:yf lbPsf] 5 .;+s6sflng If0f g t ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . o'jfgLlt t emg} k/} hfcf];\ aGg' / sfhd} l;ldt x'g'eGbfJojxfl/stfdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] slxn] xf] <

o'jfx? lbgk|ltlbg ljb]lzg'sf] k5fl8 /fHosf] klgxft /x]sf] 5 . ;dod} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g;s]sf] 5}g . g to'jfx?sf nflu gLlt lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ . rflxPsf] a]nfdfd]?b08 eGof] vf]Hof] ha cfjZostf k'/f eof] ljb]z knfogu/fpg] pg} k|of]ustf{x? kl5 kb}{gg\ . /fHon] lnPsf] :j/f]huf/shf{ k|j4{gsf] dfWodn] s]xL dfqfdf /fxt t lbPsf] 5 t/Tof] kof{Kt 5}g . of] shf{n] o'jfx?nfO{ :jb]zdf /f]huf/dfq} lbPsf] 5}g ToxL shf{ lnP/ ljb]lzg]x?sf] klg sdL5}g . t/ ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 Ps xb;Dd /f]lsPsf 5g\ .t/ ca o;sf] Jofkstf cfjZos 5 . shf{nfO{ cem}+km/flsnf] bfo/fdf Nofpg' kg]{ / ;b'kof]u u/] gu/]sf] cg'udgtyf d"Nof+sg ug{ cToGt h?/L 5 . ta dfq b]zdf s]xLkl/jt{g x'g]5 .

o'jfx? a]/f]huf/s} sf/0f gsf/fTds ultljlwdf;+nUg x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . x/]s o'jfx?nfO{ kl/rflnt u/fpg]gLlt /fHon] Nofpg' h?/L 5 . h'g b]zsf o'jfx? :jb]zd}cfTdlge{/ eP/ a;]sf 5g\ To;b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 pRr/xg]5 . x/]s If]qdf o'jfx?sf] ;lqmotf ePdf b]zn]ljsf;sf] km8\sf] dfg]{5 . o'jfx?sf] hf]z / hf+u/nfO{ b]zdfnufgL ug{, pgLx?sf] pT;fxnfO{ a9fpg /fHon] k|]l/t ug{h?/L 5 .

@)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/ ax;÷cGt/jftf{

crDdsf] b'lgofF

/f]Nkf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 tkl;nsf 7fpFx?df lbjf ;]jf a; tyfhLk ;~rfng eO/x]sf] Joxf]/f ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?df hfgsf/L u/fpgrfxG5f}+ .;'kf{nsf nflu a; 5'6\g] ;dolnafªaf6 ;'kf{nsf nflu lbpF;f] # ah];'kf{naf6 lnafªsf nflu laxfg ^M#) ah]v'ª\u|Lsf nflu a; 5'6\g] ;dolnafªaf6 v'ª\u|Lsf nflu lbp;f] #M$% ah]v'ª\u|Laf6 lnafªsf nflu laxfg & ah]hLk 5'6\g] ;do3tL{ufpFaf6 tfnfafªsf nflu lbpF;f] $M#) ah]tfnfafªaf6 3tL{ufpFsf nflu laxfg &M#) ah]

ofq' dxfg'efjx?df v'zLsf] va/

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu hnhnf oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltsf]k|wfg sfof{no lnafª /f]Nkf .

;flxTodf zAbfn+sf/

zJbfn+sf/sf af/]df klxn] klgZn]if ods / cg'k|f; cn+sf/;DdpNn]v ePsf ] lyof ] / cg'k| f;cn+sf/sf kfFr e]bsf gfdx? -s_5]sfg'k|f; cn+sf/ -v_ a[Tofg'k|f;-u_ >'Tofg'k|f; -3_ cGTofg'k|f; / -ª_ n f6 fg 'k | f;sf gfdx?;DdatfOPsf] lyof] . ca ltgsf af/]dfyf]/} yf]/} rrf{ u/f}+ .-s_ 5]sfg'k|f; M—w]/} Ao~hg j0f{x?Psk6s dfq bf]xf]l/Psf] cj:yf x'g'5]sfg'k|f; cn+sf/ xf] . h:t} M— cacGt 5}g s¿0ff ;Gtx? Joy{ e"ndfk5{g .zj/L d+unbftf h+unjf;L pg} bofu5{g\ .

oxfF klxnf] nfOgdf -Gt_ / bf];|f]nfOgdf -Ën_ Jo~hg j0f{x? PsPs k6s bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\ .-v_ a[Tofg'k|f; M—Ps jf cg]sJo~hgx? w]/} k6s bf]xf]l/P eg]a[Tofg'k|f; x'G5 . h:t} M—sfnL eGb} las6 v's'/L bfk b]lvlgsfnL,kmfnL nf5Lkg x[bosf] b]znfO{ prfnL .afnL /fFsf] x// /0fdf k|f0fsf] xf]dxfnL,kfnL /fd|f] lgod/xg] xf}+ pg} uf]/vfnL .

o; kª\tLdf s'g s'g j0f{x?sltk6s bf ]x f ] l/ Psf 5g\ egLn ]vfhf ]v f ug ] { sfdsf ] lhDdfkf7sx?nfO g} lbpF .

-u_ >'Tofg 'k |f; M—Ps} :y fgaf6pRrf/0f x'g] j0f{x? ;+u} bf]xf]l/Pdfjf k6s k6s bf]xf]l/Pdf >'Tofg'k|f;x'G5 . h:t} M—xNnL vlNn 5 slNnsf r/0fdf3lGsG5 uNnL klg,lrNnL lalNn pbfpbf] 5 d klg/lNnG5' l;NnL agL . -rqmkf0fL rfln;]_-3_ cGTofg 'k | f; M— Zn f ]ssf ]la;f}gLdf jf kfpsf] cGTodf j0f{bf]xf]l/of] eg] cGTofg'k|f; x'G5 .;[hgfleq /rgf /fd|f gh/sf h'xf/,O{Zj/sf xfF;f] kfPsf km"n 5f]P/ gdf/

-d=s=n=k|=b]=_-ª_ nf6fg'k|f; M—Ps} cy{ ePsf t/tfTko{ a]Un} ePsf zJb bf]xf]l/ Fbfnf6fg'k|f; x'G5 . h:t} M—ltdL 5Fbf ;+uLgL jg ef] 3/,ltdL uof} ;+uLgL jg ef] 3/ ..kN6G5, h;sf] alnof] zq' sf] cl3;b{5 .kN6g\ 5 h;sf] alnof], zq' sf] cl3;b{5 .

nf]s cfnf]s

;ef;bsf] gfddf cfpg] !s/f]8 /sd /f]Nkfsf] ! g+= lgjf{rgIf]qdf ljlgof]hgul/Psf] 5 .lgjf{rg If]qaf6ljhoL ;ef;bs[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn]cfkm\gf] gfddfcfPsf] /sd cfkm\g}pkl:yltdf lgjf{rgljsf; sf]ifnfO{ljlgof]hg u/]sfx'g\ .

ah]6nfO{ sxfF s;/Lljlgof]hg ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdflhNnfsf /fhgLlts bn,;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo / ;ef;bsf];fd'lxs 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .ah]6nfO{ of]hgf k|fyldstfsf]cfwf/df ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]atfO{Psf] 5 . ljleGg !) j6fof]hgfnfO{ 5gf}6 u/L ljlgof]hg

ul/Psf] /sd dWo ;'lgndfu{kfltxfNgf– lnafª ;8sdf bznfv, u}8'ª vf]nf n3' hnljB't

cfof]hgfdf * nfv%) xhf/, lnafª–h]b\afª ;8sdf bznfv ljlgof]hgul/Psf] 5 .

To:t} c/]zuflj; ejg–kftns6]/L ;8sdfbznfv, 3f]8fufpFuflj; ejg lgdf{0f /uf]/Lg]6f ;8sdf

bznfv, Xjfdf uflj; ;f]nf/ljt/0fsf nflu bznfv, ;'lnrf}/,h't'ªvf]nf d}gfdf/] ;8sdfbznfv, lnafª, b]p/fnL r'gf/]le/;8sdf bznfv, lnafª, wjfª;'gfjfª ;8stkm{ bznfv, sfe|f,sf6\g] SjfnLufpFdf bznfv u/]/(* nfv %) xhf/sf] /sdljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .

à df]xg lu/L

lhNnfsf slt ;xsf/L;+:yfx?df cg'udg ug'{eof] <o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL:j/f]huf/ sf]if dfkm{t\ k|ToIfnufgL ePsf & j6f ;xsf/L;+:yfx?df cg'udg ;DkGgeO{;s]sf] 5 eg] ca @ j6f;xsf/Ldf afFsL 5 a'waf/;Dd;a} ;+:yfx?df cg'udg sfo{;DkGg eO{;Sg]5 . s]xL l56km'6?kdf shf{ nufgL ePsf ;xsf/L;+:yfx? klg 5g\ tL ;+:yfx?dfklg afFsL 5 .cg'udg kl5sf] lqmofsnfks] x'g]5 <

cj:yfnfO{ a\l'em;s]kl5To;sf] l/kf]6{ sf]ifdf a'emfpF5f}+ .To;s} cfwf/df kl5sf] C0f dfusfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/Ltf k'Ug]5 .clxn]sf] cg'udg kZrft tTsfnolb ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] bf]>f] k6sC0f dfu u/]eg] klxn]sf] C0fsf]! ;o %) k|ltzt;Dd a9L shf{nufgL x'g]5 . ;fy} klxn] gkfPsf5'6 ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ klg %)nfv;Dd nufgL ug{ ;lsG5 .xfd|f @@ j6f dfkb08 5g\To;nfO{ kf; u/]sf] v08df;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsG5 . cg'udgn]klg lgs} k|efj kf5{ .cg'udgdf ljz]if s]kfpg'eof] t <

cg'udgsf] qmddf /f]Nkfdf;a} ;xsf/Lx?n] sf]ifsf gLltlgodcg';f/ g} sfd u/]sf]kfO{Psf] 5 . s]xL ;xsf/LcGof}ndf klg k/]sf 5g\ . tL;xsf/Lx?nfO{ klg 7Ls af6f]dfNofpg] k|of; x'g]5 . sf]ifsf];xsfo{df C0f kl/rfng ul//x]sf;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df ;a}eGbf /fd|f]s]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? kfO{Psf5g\ gfd} lnP/ eGg]xf] eg]chDa/L hgs[lif, hgsNof0fart tyf C0f, ;[hgzLn s[lifdlxnf / d]rLsfnL ;xsf/L;+:yfx?n] gLlt lgodleq /x]/sf]ifsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df shf{k|jfx ul//x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . s]xL;xsf/Ldf q'6L klg e]l6Psf 5g\ .sf]ifsf] shf{nfO{ s]xL;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] lgodljkl/t k|jfx u/]/ b'?kof]u

u/]sf] u'gf;f] 5 jf:tljs s] xf],cg'udgsf qmddf s] kQfnufpg'eof] <

xf], ljleGg Aoj;foLx?sf]u'gf;f] ;'Gbf To:t}vfn] ;d:ofx?kfPsf 5' . t/ jf:tljstf s] xf]eGg] s'/f a'em\g cem}+ h?/L 5 .To;sf] :ynut 5fgljg u/]sf]5}gf}+ tTsfn ul/g]5 t/ olb To:tfsdLsdhf]/Lx? e]l6of] eg] casflbgdf sf]ifn] To:tf ;xsf/L;Fu;xsfo{ ug]{5}g . sf/jfxLsf]k|lqmofklg cl3 a9\g]5 .o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL:j/f]huf/ sf]ifn] ;xsf/Ldfcfj4 ePsf o'jfx?nfO{ dfq}:j/f]huf/ agfpg] u/]sf] 5aflx/sf nflu s] 5 t pkfo < ;a}o'jfx? t ;d]l6b}gg\ <

a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{:j/f]huf/ u/fpg] sfo{ sf]ifn]u/]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;xLtj/df C0f k|jfx u/]sf x'G5g\To;}n] pgLx?nfO{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] xf]. olb o'jfx? lglZrt dfkb08sfcfwf/df ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf cfj4x'g rfx]eg] pgLx?n] shf{kfpg]5g\ . ;xsf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf]sfo{If]qleq /x]sf o'jfx?nfO{;d]6]/ shf{ nufgL ug'{k5{ . tadfq} ljz]if u|fXotfdf ;xsf/Lx?kg]{5g\ .sf]ifn] lhNnf s[lif ljsf;sfof{no; Fu dfq} ;Demf}tf u/]sf]5 <

xfn /f]Nkfdf lhNnf s[lifljsf; sfof{no;Fu dfq} ;Demf}tfu/]sf] 5 . kl5 cGo a}+sx?lalQo ;+:yfx?;Fu klg ;xsfo{x'g;S5 . xfn xfdLn] s]Gb|af6;Demf}tfsf nflu cfXjfg ;d]tu/]sf 5f}+ .sf]ifsf] C0f Joj;foLx?n];fFRrLs} ;b'kof]u u/]sf 5g\ t <slt k|ltzt ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5 <

;b'kof]u efsf] 5 . x'g txfd|f] ;+:sf/cg';f/ dfG5]df s]xLv/fa cfr/0f x'G5 g} To;}n] !))df !)) k|ltzt 7Ls eof] eGg;lsFb}g . xfdLn] h'g wf/0ffdfnufgL u/]sf 5f} + . To;df ;kmnePsf klg 5f}+ . k|ltztdf gfKg;lsb}g . cyfx o'jfx?df shf{

k|jfx ePsf] 5 . b]zsf @% b]lv#) xhf/ o'jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/agfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf 5f}+ .sf]ifsf] of] sfo{ ;xL tj/df g}uPsf] 5 . xfdLn] Psb'O{hgfo'jfx?nfO{ dfq} x]/]/ eGg' eGbfklg ;du|df x]g{ h?/L 5 . olbb'?kof]u ePsf s'/f 5g\ eg]sf/jfxL x'G5 . ;du|df ;b'kof]uePsf] 5 .ljleGg ;~rf/dfWoddfcfPsf s'/fx? em}+ b'?kof]usfs'/f / /fhgLlts rnv]nsfaf/]df s] eGg' x'G5 <

vf; u/L ;~rf/ dfWoddfcfPsf s'/fx? ulxl/P/ x]g]{xf] eg]s'/f 5'6\6} 5 . s]xL s'/fx?ckmjfxsf ?kdf km}lnPsf 5g\csf] { s'/f /fhgLlts rnv]neGg] s'/f sf]ifdf x'Fb}g . g]kfn;/sf/ cGtu{t ;Grfng ePsf]sf/0f /fhgLlts eGg] x'Fb}g .;xsf/Lsf s'/fx? klg ToxL g} xf];xs/L P]gsf] dfkb08cg';f/rn]sf] ;xsf/L ePsfn] ToxfFklgs'g} /fhgLlts s'/fsf] af/]dfeGg'x' Fb}g . JolQmsf] cf:yf /ljrf/ x'g;Snf t/ ;du|df;xsf/L tyf sf]ifnfO{ /fhgLlts3]/fdf kfg' {x' Fb}g .lhNnfdf xfn;Dd sf]ifn] sltC0f k|jfx u/]sf] 5 <

/f]Nkfdf # s/f]8 !)nfv;Dd C0f k|jfx ul/;s]sf] 5. ^ j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ tLgls:tfdf k|jfx eO{;s]sf] 5 eg]ca Pp6f ;xsf/LnfO{ t]>f] ls:tfcfpFb}5 . ca klg cfXjfg ePsf]5 olb km]/L klg ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?5gf}6 ePeg] oxL df3sf]clGtd;Dd k'gM ;f9] tLgs/f]8 hltyk shf{ k|jfx x'g]5 ./f]Nkf lhNnfsfJoj;foLx?nfO{ s] eGgrfxg'x'G5 <

;fd'lxs ?kdf sfo{ ubf{ klgpQd x'G5 eg] Psn klg /fd|f] x'G5. If]qut ?kdf ubf{ pTkfbg a9\5ljz]if u/]/ s[lif / kz'kfng tkm{/fd|f] x'G5 . /f]Nkfsf] ;jfndfoxfFsf s[ifsx?nfO{ w]/} ;Defjgfb]lvG5 . g'jfufpF If]qdf

df]xg 1jfnL zfvf clws't, o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if

cd]l/sfsf] l;P6nl:yt k|m]08xlr+;g SofG;/ l/;r{;]G6/df afnSofG;/ ljz]if1 8fS6/ lhd cf]N;gof] sl7gfO;Fu nfdf ] ;dob]lvh'lw/x]sf 5g\ . pgn] ca Pp6fgofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/]sf 5g\hf] dl:tis SofG;/sf] pkrf/dflgs} ;xof]uL x'g]5 / o;sf] >]ohfg]5 ljR5Lsf] ljif cyf{t\ vLnnfO{. lhd cf]N;gsf cg';f/ ljR5Lsf]ljifaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] cf}iflwsf] gfdxf], 6\o'd/ k]G6 .

pSt cf}iflw SofG;/ u|:tsf ] lzsfdf zNolqmo fsf ] Ps

lbgcl3 ;'Odfkm{t lbOG5 . of] cf}iflwnufPk l5 SofG;/ sf ] l i fsfx?rlDsnf ] b ] lvG5g\ . o;af6lrlsT;snfO{ SofG;/u|:t sf]lzsf/ :j:y sf]lzsf 5'6fpg ;lhnf] x'G5. lgs} ljiffn' tyf vt/gfs k|hfltsf]8]y :6s/ ljR5Lsf] ljifaf6 pSt/ªjfnf cf}iflw tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

cf ]N;gsf cg';f/ /ut /dl:tisaLr x'g ] h } ljs ;Ldfsfsf/0f s'g} cf}iflwnfO{ dl:tis;Ddk"/fpg s7Lg x'G5 . ;f]xL s'/fnfO{Wofgdf /fVb} pgdf lalR5sf] ljifsf]k|of]u ug{] ljrf/ cfof] . of] ljlwsf]

k|of]uaf6 dl:tis SofG;/sf] lgbfg; '?jft L ;dod } ug {;lsg ] /SofG;/ klxrfgsf nflu nfUg] b'Ojif{sf] ;do art x'g] cf]N;gsf]bfaL 5 .

cf]N;gn] of] cf}iflwsf] d';fdf;kmn k/LIf0f u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sLvfB tyf cf}iflw k|zf;gn] dflg;df;d]t of] cf }iflwsf ] k/LIf0f ug{cg'dlt lbO;s]sf] 5 . cf]N;gn]SofG;/sf] pkrf/sf cGo ljleGgcfw'lgs ljlwx?sf] cfljZsf/df;d]t sfd ul//x]sf ] ljlj;Ln]hgfPsf] 5 .

afFsL k[i7 % df

;flxTo÷l;h{gf @)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/

sljtf

pgsf] / d]/f] lrghfgcfhsf] xf]Og . s]xL jif{ k'/fg}lyof] . cf–cfkm\gf] Jo:ttfsfsf/0fn] ;w}h;f] e]6 gePklga]nf a]nf e]63f6 eO/fVYof]. To;f] t d cln nhfn':jefjsf ] ePsfn ] s ]6 LdfG5];Fu v'n]/} ukmufkm ub}{gy]. a ]nf a]nfdf pgL;Fusf ]a ]nLlj:tf/n] dnfO{ vf;}k|efj kf/]g .

d Kn; 6' sf] OSHofdlbg ?s'dlt/ xflgPF . a}zfvh]7sf] df};d . ;fgLe]/Lsf]5fn . xdSs xkm\sfpFYof]tftf] afkmn] . clg l5gd}rNYof ] lz/lz/ xfj f .9flslbGYof ] cf Fvf e]/Lsf ]afn'jfn] . k/LIff g;lsFb}ljb fsf ] ;do k f/ ] /;fy Lx?; Fu ?s'dsf ]l;d|'6lt/ nfUof}+ . pgLx?sf]cfk;df e]63f6 /x]5 s/ u/]/dnfO{ klg ;fyd} nu] .ck;f ]r eGg'k5{ pgL klgl;d|'6d} OSHofd lbg uPsL/x]l5g\ . ToxL ePsf] lyof]pgL;Fu lhGbuLsf] dxTjk"0f{e]6 . nfdf] s]z . uf]/f] t/rK6f] cg'xf/ . uf]nf cfFvf .To;}df xNsf ufhn lnk]sL. d+uf]lnog g kl/g\ gfFs clny]Krf] . u'nfaL s'tf{;'?jfndfldn]sf ;]tf bfFtx? . k"l0f{dfsfh"gh:t} b]lvlGyg\ . Toltj]n}rf]/]sL lyOg\ d]/f] dg . n'6]lslyOg\ cem egf} + Psf]xf ]/ f]lbndf ;hfPFsf] lyPF d}n] .pgsf] dgdf s] lyof] d}n]a'lemgF . Toltj]nf d}n] klg;a}s'/f eGg] EofPg . 5ftLe/Lpg }nfO { ;hfp Fb } xfdLl;d|'6af6 cfkm\gf] k/LIffs]Gb|dfuof}+ . ef]lnkN6sf] clGtdk/LIff ;s]/ 3/lt/ nfUof}+ .

dgdf lgs} sf}6f]x'ntflyof] . pynk'yn rln/x]sf]lyof] . s]xL kfPh:tf] s]xLx/fPh:tf] cg'ej eO/x]sf]lyof] . 3/ k'Ug'ljlQs} pgsf]gfddf k|]dkq sf]/]F . cxF af6f]kfPg eg' F Tof ] k| ]dkqn] .cemegf}+ s'g} dfWodg} ePg. l;w} nu]/ pgsf] xftdfyDofpg klg ;s]g .

clg To f ] k | ] dkqafs;sf ] Pss 'gfdfylGs/Xof] . s]xLlbg kl5pgnfO{ a'em\bf pgL cgdLsf]t Lgji f ] { sf ] i f { l;Wo fpgkfNkflt/ nflul5g\ clg xfd|f]e]6\g] b'/L emg\ nfldb} uof] .lgs} vf]htnf;kl5 pgsf]df]jfOn gDa/ kfPF . kmf]g u/]/klg dgsf] ;a} s'/f eGg;lsgF . e]6]/ ;a} s'/f ug]{c7f]6sf ;fy kmf]gdf s]xLs '/ f klg ePg . pgsf ]Jo:ttfsf] sf/0fn] Tof] e]6\g]cf; klg 6fl9Fb} uof] . d}n]kmf]gdf eGy]F …ltdL;Fu e]6]/dgsf ;a}s'/f ug'{5 .Ú pgL;xh} elGyg\ …s:tf] dgsf]s'/f < x'G5 e]6]/} u/f}+nf .Ú t/e]6\g ;lsPg . Kn; 6' ;s]/ul/jL / a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f

d ljb]lzg afWo ePF . 5ftLe/L;hfPsf] Psf]xf]/f] ;kgf cw'F/f]x' Fb} uof] . ljb]z k'u]/ klgkmf]gaf6 s'/fsfgL eO/fVof] .kmf]gaf6} ;lsg;ls eg]F …dltdLnfO{ dg k/fpF5' 'Ú pgsf]s ]xL k | lt lq mo f cfPg .P;PdP; u/]F k|ltpQ/df pgn]n ]v ]sL lyOg\ …lhGbuLsf ];l6{lkms]6 t s;n] b]Vg ;S5/, ef]ln s] s] x'G5 yfxf 5}gÚlgs }a ] / axlsP F pgsf ]P;PdP;n] .

ljb]z uPsf ] Psjif{d}sDkgL 6'6]/ 3/ kmls{g] s'/f eof]. pgLljgf Psjif{ ljb]zdfs;/L ljtfPF Tof] dnfO{ yfxf 5. 3/ kmls{g] ePkl5 xQkQ kmf]gu/]/ d 3/ kmls{g] va/ ;a}eGbfklxnf pgnfO{ ;'gfPF . clnslte]6\g] cf; knfP/ cfof] .

sf7df8f} + k'u]kl5 kmf]gu/]F nfu]g . 3/ k'u]/ kmf]g u/]F;Dks{ x'g ;s]g . 3/ k'u]sf]ef]lnkN6 ufpFsf] Pp6f d]nfdfuPF . v]ns'b sfo{qmd rn]sf]/x]5 . ;~rfng ug]{ lhDdfdnfO{ lbPsf sf/0f lbge/dfOsdf Jo:t x'Gy] F . pgLd~rdf cfP/ gd:sf/6qm\ofPsf] yfxf 5 . ToxL lyof]

d]/f] dg rf]l/Psf] tLgjif{ kl5sf]bf];|f] e]6 . p:t} lyOg\ pgL .cem hjfgL v'n]/L cfP5Sof/] . dfOlsª ubf{ub}{ x/fpFy]+d . Tof] d]nfdf klg e]6]/ dgsf;a} s'/f ug]{ jftfj/0f ldn]g. kmf]gdf ukm rNof] . c;fWo}dgk/fpF5' d}n] eg]F . pgn] c?s] s] eg] yfxf 5}g . Pp6fs'/f eg] d'6'df /ut ag]/ hd]sf]5 . …lhGbuLdf ;a}eGbf dgkg]{dfG5] ltdL xf} ef]ln s] s] x'G5yfxf 5}g .Ú ef]lnsf] s'/fn]dnfO{ lgs} lk/Nof] . kmf]gdf306f} + ukm, P;PdP; x'GYof] .ne o" n]Vy]F . pgL ;]d 6' o'n]lVyg\ c? s] n]lVyg\ Vj} .s] s] ;f]r]/ xf] s'lGg . kmf]gd}axlslGyg\ ?lGyg\ s]xL ;do. pgn] ?Gg eg]/ 9fF6] klg/f]P/ xfF;]sf] d 5'6\ofpg ;Sy]. dnfO{ klg 5'GYof] .

3/ k'u]sf] s]xLlbgkl5b'j}n] e]6\g] jftfj/0f ldnfof}+. / xfd|f] e]6 Tof] PsfGt 7fpFdfeof] . 7fpFsf] JofVof ulb{gFd . ug]{ cj:yfdf klg 5}g .d t JofVof u5' { lgZ5nkljqp pgsf] / d]/f] ;DaGwsf]. t/ ;do eg] k"j{sf] ;"o{9Ns]/ klZrdsf] lIflth k'Ugnueu b'Old6/ lyof] xf]nf .;do slt ePsf] lyof] yfxfePg 38L klg x]l/gF d}n] .elgG5 dg kg'{ / k/fpg' s'g}gf}nf] s'/f xf]Og . gf}nf] s'/f t

Tof ] xf ] h 'g k m/s km/sjftfj/0fdf x's]{sf b'Od'6'x?Ps agfP/ lhGbuLe/ lhpg;sf];\ . dnfO{ dg kg'{ klgk[ys s'/f xf]Og .

e ]6 ePkl5 tLgji f {klxn]b]lvsf] a]lnlj:tf/ nufPF. pgn] k lg lhGbuLsf;'vb'Mvsf s'/f ;'gfOg\ . elgg\…c fheGb f tLgrf/ ji f {klxn]b]lv dg k/fpFy], d ts]6L dfG5] eGg ;lsg, d}n]eg]sf] eP g/fd|f] b[li6sf]0fn]x]Yof] { of] ;dfhn] . ltdLn] lsgklxNo} eg]gf}+ <Ú pgn] 6'?Ss}cfF;' emfl/g\ . …eGg grfx]sf]xf]Og lbn, To:tf] ;do ldn]klg eGg ;lsgF . lxhf ] /cfhdf s] km/s 5 / .Ú bfofFxftsf] xTs]nfn] cfFvf ldRb}elgg \ …;do ultzLn 5,lxhf]h:tf] cfh 5}g ef]ln klggxf]nf . cfheGbf s]lxdlxgfeg]sf] eP xfF;L xfF;L :jLsfy]{Fltd|f] k|:tfjnfO{ . ca ;lSbg. d}n] s;}sf] bjfjdf grfx]/klg of] dg s;}nfO{ ;dlk{tug]{ arg kmfln;s]F . dg tsxf F lyo f ] / , ltdLh:tf ]dfG5]nfO{ 5f]8]/ c?;Fu hf]l8g. afWotf lyof], bjfj lyof]

ltdL lyPgf} .Ú b'j} xftsf gf8Ln]Ps};fy cf F;' k ' l5g\ . d5fFufaf6 v;]h:tf] ePF . pgn]cem} eGb} uOg\ …dnfO{ s;}sf]bjfjdf csf{sf] agfOPsf] 5,ef] ln p;Fu gftf hf] l8Pnfghf]l8Pnf d eGg ;lSbg .d}n] ltd|f] k|:tfj :jLsf/]/ ef]lndnfO{ ha/h:tL p;}sf ]agfOof] eg] ltdL ?G5f} dltdLnfO{ ?jfpg rfxGg . ltdLxfF;]sf] b]Vg rfxG5' . olbs;}nfO{ dg k/fp F5f } eg]

elgxfNg ' k m l/ ;doeflu;S5 . csf]{ h'gL kfOG5kfOGg yfxf 5}g . olb kfOof]eg] dnfO{ b]Vg] ljlQs} eGg',d xfF;Lv';L :jLsfg]{5' . d]/f]c f Fvfsf ] cf F; ' g fssf ]v f ]N;fx' F b } wtL {sf ] ofq f/f]Hb}lyof] .

PSsfOzf } + ztfAbLdfcfP/ klg csf{sf] bjfjdfcfkm\gf] hLjg jjf{b gu/ lbn. cfkm\gf] lhGbuLsf] lg0f{ocfkm}n] ug'{k5{ . pgn] elgg\…d p;Fu ;DaGw hf ]8\g trfxGg, km]l/ clxn] ltdL;Fu;DaGw hf]8]/ ef]ln ltdLnfO{cK7\of/f] kfg{ rfxGg . ltd|f]rf]vf] dfofsf] >fkn] ef]ln d;8sdf eLv dfUb} lx8]sf]b]Vof] eg] Psrf]6L kms]{/ x]g'{d ToxL x'g]5' . /ft s'ga]nfk¥of] yfxf ePg . 38L x]bf{/ftsf] !@ alh;s]5 . pgLd]/f] sfvdf klN6P/ ?Fb}lyOg\. d eg] Pp6f lgZsif{df k'u]F .olb tkfOn] s;}nfO{ dgk/fpg'x'G5eg] elgxfNg';\ ef]lnsf] nflug/fVg';\ ef]ln km]l/Psf] x'g]5 / dlhGbuLsf] clGtd ;f; /x];Ddpgsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltIff ug]{ s;dvfPF .

PSsfOzf } + ztfAbLdfcfP/ klg gf/L h fltx?csf{sf] bjfjdf k/]/ cfkm\gf]hLjg jjf{b ub}{5g\ . tkfOx?To;f] gug'{xf];\ . Pslbgsf]lg0f{on] hLjge/ ?g'k5{ .;S5f}eg] lbn, Tof] bjfj;Fu;+3if{ u/ . cfkm\gf] lhGbuLsf]lg0f{o cfkm} u/ . dWo/ftnfO{y f F tL / fVb } b 'j }s f ] dgPs }7fp Fd f / fv ] / zl//cnucnu u/L 5'6\l6of}+ .Tof] lbgb]lv pgsf] lg0f{osf]k|ltIffdf ljjztfleq Pp6fkm"n km'nfO/x]5' pgsf] gfddf. / Tof] km"n b'j} ldn]/ ;hfpgcf; /fVb} hLjgsf] cGtgeP;Dd pg }n fO { dfo ful//xg] c7f]6 kfn]sf] 5' .

kf5fafª–#, /f]Nkf

sdn ljjz du/

PSsfOzf}+ ztfAbLdf cfP/ klggf/L hfltx? csf{sf] bjfjdf k/]/cfkm\gf] hLjg jjf{b ub}{5g\ . tkfO{x?To;f] gug'{xf];\ . Pslbgsf] lg0f{on]hLjge/ ?g'k5{ .

sfsfs'n dgx?÷Aofs'n tgx?t[lift cf]F7x?÷ljrlnt cfFvfx?;a} ;a} 3'OFrf]aLrsf] c:t Ao:t rf]sdf5ftL yflk/x]sf] ;fFu'/f] sf]7f –sfG5Lsf] k;n . k;n g} sfG5L x'g\ ofsfG5L g} k;n <d]lzg g} sfG5L x'g\ ofsfG5L g} d]lzg <af]s]/ ckl/eflift hLjg8l6/xlG5g\ sfG5Lcfkm\gf] ;'gf}nf] lhhLljiffsf] vf]hLdf . sfG5L gofF sk8f l;nfpFl5g\t/ gofF hLjg agfpg hflGbgg\sfG5L kmf6]sf sk8f l;nfpFl5g\t/ kmf6]sf dg l;nfpg ;lSbgg\sfG5L sfl6Psf 6fnfsf 6'qmf hf]8\l5g\t/ 6'lqmPsf efjgf hf]8\g ;lSbgg\sfG5L c? s;}sf pkxf/df km"na'§f eg{ ;lS5g\t/ cfkm\g} lhGbuLsf a'§fdf /ª eg{ ;lSbgg\lhGbuL lhpg] ;Demf}tfdfljjz sfG5Lc?sf OHht / a}ej km'nfpgtof/ kfl5{g\, gofF gofF km];gsf l8hfOgx?t/ cfkm\g} b'MvL lhGbuLdfbldt ;kgfsf l8hfOg e]6fO/x]sL 5}gg\ . pgsf kfOnf rndnfpF5g\ d]lzgdf ha5ftLleq …kf;fª Nxfd'Ú d':s'/fpF5]/, s'g} l;sf? lrqsf/sf] dxTjsf+Iffem}FpT;flxt sfG5Lsf] dgn]st{Jokysf wfuf]x?;Fur~rn efjgfsf ufF7f]x? s;]/dgsf] lzv/ r9\g] c;kmn oTg ul5{g\pgsf cf}nfx? ;NanfpF5g\ sk8fdfly hacfFvfsf] gfgLd} …km\nf]/]G; gfOl6Ë]nÚ cfO a:5]/, s'g} g;{sf ljBfyL{em}Fhfu?s sfG5Lsf w}o{tfn]3fOt] ljkgfsf pkrf/ ug]{ c;kmn oTg ul5{g\c/fhs l;of]x?n] 3f]r'g\of ckdfgsf wfuf]x?n] a]?g\cyjf, Oiof{sf /+ux?n] 5\ofk'g\of 8fxsf w"gx?n] luHofpg\clsl~rt sfG5Lg}lts d"Nosf]] andfcfw'lgs l8hfOgsf a:qx? l;nfpFl5g\/, ;Gt'li6n] k/]nLsf] ysfg nfpFl5g\ . dL7f] lgb|fsf] k'n x'Fb} sfG5L;kgfsf] :j0f{ ;+;f/df k'lU5g\hxfF, jif]{ofdsf] ;Kt/ª\uL OGb|wg'ifem}FPsLs[t ePsf x'G5g\–vl08t dgx?÷ljeflht ljrf/x?hxfF, ;+/lIft au}Frfsf km"nx?em}F;';lHht ePsf x'G5g\–:vlnt efjgfx?÷k|tfl8t hLjgx?ha sfG5L em:s]/ Ao"FemlG5g\/ Ao"Fem]/ emg} em:slG5g\s'g} b]xJofkf/sL ;'/f ;'Gb/Lem}Flxhf] lgld{t a:qn] sfG5LnfO{ 5f8]/sf]xL wgfWosf OHht ;hfO/x]sf] x'G5sfG5Lsf] lal:dt ofd kms{G5 k"j{at/, pgsf] 9f]sfdf cefjx?n] 3R3Rofpg yfN5g\s'g} la/f]w ;efdf hfg] dfG5]sf n:s/ h:t}ljjztfsf h'n'zn] sfG5Lsf] cfTdf 3]l/G5afWotfsf ;'gfdLn] sfG5Lsf] cfFvf 3]l/G5h;nfO{ zfGt kfg{sfG5L ;vf/} pxL k;n p3fl5{g\ . sfsfs'n dgx?÷Aofs'n tgx?t[lift cf]F7x?÷ljrlnt cfFvfx?;a} ;a} 3'OFrf]aLrsf] c:t Ao:t rf]sdf5ftL yflk/x]sf] ;fFu'/f] sf]7f –sfG5Lsf] k;n .  /f]Nkf -n]lvPsf]M bfr'{nf, ;'b'/klZrd_

Ps 3/, Ps rkL{ /f]Nkfjf;Lsf] ;fg,;/;kmfO{o'Qm lhNnf xfd|f] klxrfg

rkL{ :jf:Yosf nflu, rkL{ ljsf;sf nflurkL{ OHht, k|lti7f, cfTd;Ddfg / >i7fsf nflu

To;}n],

of] cj:yfaf6 d'Qm eO{ :j:y, zfGt, ;d[4 / k|ltli7t hLjglhpg 3/–3/df rkL{ lgdf{0f u/L To;sf] ;b'kof]u u/f}+ .

;g\ @)!% leq /f]NkflhNnfnfO{ v'nf lb;fd'Qm

lhNnf 3f]if0ff u/f}+ .

/d]z ;'j]bL -;j–l8lehg k|d'v_

Pjd\ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{;j–l8lehg sfof{no /f]Nkf

sfG5Lsf] k;n

lIflth du/

t:jL/÷dlxnfsf s'/f@)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/

j]/f]huf/L M j]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f b}lgs s}of}+ o'jfx? vf8L d'n's hfg] ub{5g\ . of] qmda9\bf] dfqfdf 5 . g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf] s'g} ;Defjgf gePkl5 ljb]lzg' afWotf xf] ./f]Nkfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no cufl8 /fxbfgLsf nflu nfOg a;]sf oL o'jfx?sf]tfFtL x/]s lbg b]Vg ;lsG5 . tl:j/M cd/lht k'gdu/

/f]Nkfsf] ;b/d'sfd /cf;kf;sf uf lj;nfO {sfo{If]q agfpFb} lqmofzLn/x]sf] ;[hgzLn s[lif dlxnf;xsf/L ;+:yfn ] cfkm \gf ];kmntfsf] kfrf} + jif{ kf/ub}{;f]xL cj;/df ;fwf/0f;ef;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

/f]Nkf lhNnfdf @)^^;fndf :y fkgf ePsf ];xsf/L ;+ :y fn ] dlxnf

;zlQms/0fsf ljleGg kf6f]dfsfo{qmdx? ;Grfng ub}{cfPsf] 5 . dWo klZrdfGrnIf]qdf pTs[i6 ePafkt vfB;'/Iffsfo{qmddf k'/:s[t Pjd\;Ddflgt ;d]t eO;s]sf] 5. ev{/}dfq ;xsf/L l8lehgsfof{no bfªaf6 ;DdflgtePsf ] ; + :yfn ] ljleGgef}lts lgdf{0f tyf ;fd'lxssfo{ / ljleGg ljsf;d'nssfo{qmddf ;xef lu x ' F b }cfPsf] 5 .

xfn ;xsf/L ;+:yfn]cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! df#* xhf/ ^ ;o !& ?k}+ofcfDbfgL ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5. ; '?jftdf @% hgfsf ];d"xdf cfj4 x'Fb} xfn %)hgf z]o/ ;b:o, % hgf k'?if;Nnfxsf/ / ^% hgfafnart ;d]t /x]sf] o;;xsf/Lsf ] cfkm \g } ejg,cb'jf k|zf]wgsf nflu s]Gb|;d]t lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] 5 .ds} ljp pTkfbgaf6 ks]6P l/of lgdf {0 f u/ ]sf ] /

e08f/0fsf nflu ejg ;d]tlgdf{0f u/]sf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfn]lhNnfsf ljleGg If ]qdfq }geP/ lhNnf aflx/ ;d]tds}ljp lgof{t ub}{ cfO{/x]sf]5 . \

art tyf C0fsf ]sf/f]af/ ;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] o;;xsf/Ln] ;x'lnot b/df s}+of]+dlxnfo'jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/;d]t agfpg ;kmn ePsf] 5. kfrf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf]

pb \3 f6gsf cj;/dflhNnfdf /x]sf ;xsf/Lx?nfO{;xsf/Lsf] p2]Zo cg';f/sf]sfd ug{ al/i7 s[lif ljsf;clws[t lszf]/ kGtn] cfu|xug'{eof] .

cfO{taf/ ;[hgzLn s[lifdlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] kfFrf}jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] d}galQafn]/ pb\3f6g ub}{ pxf Fn ];xsf/L ;+:yfsf] gLlt lgoddf/x ]/ cu|;/ ePdf gd "g f;xsf/L aGg]df hf]8 lbg'eof]. kGtn] Joj;flos s[lif tkm{nfUg k|l/t ub}{ k|fljlws ;Lk1fg sfof{non] s[ifsx?sf]3/ 3/d} k'¥ofpg] k|ltj4tfAoQm ug'{eof] .

xfn s [ l i f ljsf;sfof {no dfkm{t\ cg'bfgsfljleGg tflnd / sfo{qmdx?k|bfg e}/x]sf] atfpFb} ;~rf/dfWodsf] ;d]t ;xf/f lngs[ifsx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof]. lhNnfsf ljleGg ldl8ofaf6k|;f/0f e}/x]sf ;"rgfx?n]s[ifsx?sf] dgf ]a }1flgstf

a9fpg] ePsfn] To;df nfUgcfu|x ug'{eof] . ;+:yfsf;lrj b]jL u'?ªn] jflif{sk|ltj]bg k|:t't ub}{ ;+:yfsfs'n /sd %@ nfv %^ xhf/& ;o ^% ?k}+of bfloTj /;DklQ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .;+ :y fsf ] g fkm f gf ]S;fgLlx;fj % nfv #$ xhf/ #;o *$ /x]sf] 5 . $@ xhf/& ;o @% z]o/ nfef+; /x]sf]5 pQm /sdaf6 @) k|ltzt

nfef+; ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .cWoIf lx/ f 3n ]sf ]cWoIft fdf ePsf ]sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;xsf/L;+3sf Joj:yfks emUu'kf]v|]nn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]ljsf;sf nflu Pstfsf ]ckl/xfo {t f ePsf ]cf}+Nofpg'eof] .

lhNnfsf ] pTs [ i6dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ePafkt l8lehg sfof {nobfªn] ;d]t\ ;Ddfg u/]sf]s'/fnfO{ hf]8\b} pxfFn] o;/Lg} lhNnfdf gd"gf sfo{ ub}{cl3 a9\g ;'emfj lbg'eof] .pb \3 f6gdf ;fd 'b f losxf]d:6 ]sf cWoIf xl/hËu'?ª, ;+:yfsf ;Nnfxsf/kxnaxfb'/ u'?ª, lbnaxfb'/u'?ª nufotn] af]Ng'eof] .sfo{qmddf u'?ª ;dfh;]jLk'/0f u'?ª, ;Grfns ;ldlt,n]vf ;ldlt, C0f ;ldlt,z]o/ ;b:o, afn ;d"xsfk | ltlg lw nufotsf ];xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

à ;g:6f/ ;dfrf/bftf

dlxnfx?åf/f ;~rflnt;xsf/L ;kmntfsf] kfFrf} jif{df

g]kfn ;/sf/;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo dGqfno

:yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd (LGCDP II)lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no,/f]Nkf

cfly{s tyf k|flalws k|:tfjsf] nflu cfdGq0f ul/Psf] ;"rgf-k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M@)&!.)(.!#_

!= :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd bf];|f] r/0f (LGCDP II) ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] Ps k|d'v sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf sfof{Gjog e}/x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf]d'Vo p2]Zo k|efjsf/L ;fdflhs kl/rfng cjnDag u/L ;'b[9 :yfgLo zf;gsf] dfWodaf6ax'klIfo ;jfnsf] ;Daf]wg / ;fd'bflos ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofO{ ul/aL Go"lgs/0f ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .@= o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfof{Gjog ug{ :yfgLo ;]jfk|bfos(LSP)sf nflucfzokq dfu ul/Psf]df b]xfosf kmd{ tyf ;+:yfx? ;+lIfKt ;'rLdf kg{ ;kmn ePsf] hfgsf/Lu/fOG5 / of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltn] #! lbgsf] !@=)) ah]leq k|:tfj k]z ug'{x'gcfdGq0f ul/Psf] 5 .

!= u|fld0f ljsf; g]kfn, /f]Nkf@= ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;+:yf, /f]Nkf#= hg;/f]sf/ ;]jf s]Gb|, /f]Nkf$= blntdlxnf ;r]tgf s]Gb|, /f]Nkf%= u|fld0f ljsf; tyf r]tgf ;dfh g]kfn, /f]Nkf^= dfgjclwsf/ ;r]tg s]Gb|, /f]Nkf&= hg;]jf s]Gb| g]kfn, /f]Nkf*= ljsf; ;/f]sf/ ;dfh g]kfn, /f]Nkf(= ;g:6f/ o'jf Sna, /f]Nkf

#= ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf OR5's ;]jf k|bfos kmd{ tyf ;+:yfn] lga]bg ;fy @)&@ ;fn c;f/d;fGt;Ddsf] ;+:yf gjLs/0f, cf=a=@)&).&! sf] s/ r'Stf k|df0f kq, d"No clea[l4 s/df btf{ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL ;+nUg /fvL tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq lga]bg lbPdf k|:tfjssf] 9f+rf(RFP) / ug'{kg]{ sfo{;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ laj/0f TOR (Terms of Reference)df pknAw u/fO{g]5 . pQm TOR (Terms of Reference) o; sfof{nosf] ;DalGwt zfvfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5jf o; sfof{nosf] website af6 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;lsg]5 .$= ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf OR5's kmd{ tyf ;+:yfn] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #! cf}+lbgsf] !@M)) ah]leq k|flalws / cfly{s k|:tfj cnucnu vfddf /fvL l;naGbL u/L k|To]svfdsf] aflx/ s'g k|sf/sf] -k|flalws jf cfly{s_ k|:tfj xf] ;f] :ki6?kn] pNn]v u/L b'a} k|:tfjnfO{csf]{ 5'6\6} vfddf aGbL u/L o; sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . Dofb gf3L cyjf l/t gk'uL k|fKt x'gcfPsf] k|flalws tyf cfly{s k|:tfa pk/ s'g] sf/afxL x'g]5}g .%= btf{ x'g cfPsf k|flalws / cfly{s k|:tfa of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ;"rgf ldltn] #! cf}+lbgsf] @M)) ah] k|:tfabftf jf lghsf] k|ltlgwLsf] /f]xa/df vf]lng] 5 . t/ k|:tfabftf jf lghsf]k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g .^= d"Nof+sgsf nflu k|fljlws k|:tfj dfq vf]lng] 5 . cfly{s k|:tfj k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] glthfsf]cfwf/df dfq vf]lng] 5 . k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] cfwf/df vf]Ng cfjZos g7flgPsf] cfly{s k|:tfj !%lbgleq ;DalGwt ;+:yfnfO{ g} lkmtf{ k7fpg ;lsg]5 .&= k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 lglZrt ah]6 k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g]5 .* ;]jfk|bfossf nflu k]z ul/g] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] dfWod efiff c+u|]hL tyf g]kfnL b'j}dWo] s'g} Ps x'g' kg]{5 .(= d"Nof+sgsf] glthfaf6 ;]jfk|bfossf ?kdf 5gf}6 ePsf kmd{ jf ;+:yfn] !% lbgleq ;Demf}tful/;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L ;Demf}tf ePsf ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfnfO{ ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{ljlw @)&!Afdf]lhd ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 .!)= of] ;"rgfdf 5'6 x'g uPsf cGo ;t{x? / ljlwx? TOR df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .!!= ;a} k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf] glthfjf/] o; sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6L jf ;fj{hlgs;"rgf k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 . o; 5gf}6 k|lqmof sf/0f b]vfO{ jf gb]vfO{ s'g} klg ;do /2ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;df gk/]sf cGo s'/fx? ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g @)^#, ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL@)^$ / k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ x'g]5 .

kmd

{ jf

;+:y

fsf]

gfd

yk hfgsf/Lsf nfluMlhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, /f]Nkfcfly{s k|zf;g, ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvf

hfgsf/Lsf nfluMdf]afOn g+=M

(*$&*^*)*%, kmf]g g+=)*^–$$)@*( , km\ofS;M

)*^–$$)!!$

tkl;n

e}+;Lkfng, t/sf/L v]tL,yafªlt/ u|fp08 PKkn,h8La'6L nufotsf] ;Defjgf/ o:t} If]qut ?kdf s[liftyf kz'kfng ug]{xf] eg] /fd|f];Defjgf 5 .cGtdf s] eGgrfxg'x'G5 <

o'jf tyf ;fgfJoj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifn]

b]zdf /x]sf a]/f]huf/o'jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ agfO{b]zd} :yflkt u/fpg rfx]sf]5 . o; sf]ifsf] pRrd"Nof+sg ub}{ sf]ifsf] gLltlgod / lalwk|lqmof cg'?k;xsf/L ;+:yf, a}+slalQox?n] shf{ nufgL ug]{/ a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?n] o;nfO{

clwstd ;b'kof]u u/]/:j/f]huf/ u/] of] sf]if b]zsf]cfly{s ljsf;sf]cfwf/lznf x'g] b]lvG5 .To;}n] shf{sf] ;b'kof]u ug'{h?/L 5 . ;fy} d]/f] egfO{/fVg'ePsf]df tkfO{ /klqsfnfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfbJoQm ub5'{ .

o'jf:j/f]huf/ ====

;fdflhs s'l/tLsf lj?4 Psh'6 xf]cf}+ .

hfF8sf] 3\ofDkf]leq Pp6f d';f] v;]5,d';f]M arfpm, arfpm sf]xL 5 <la/fnf]M Dofpm Dofpm ====d';f]M la/f]nf] bfO{ dnfO{ arfpm, dnfO{ of] hfF8sf] 3\ofDkf]af6 lgsfng == d hfF8df 8'a]/ dg{ rfxGg ===. a? dnfO{ aflx/ lgsfn]/ vfpm. of] d]/f] afrf eof] ltdL;Fu . lKnh x]Nk,la/fnf]n] a8f] d"l:snn] d';f]nfO{ hfF8sf] 3\ofDkf]af6 lgsfn]5 .lgl:sg] ljlQs} d';f] v'?? b'nf]leq l5/]5 .la/fnf]M -l/;fpFb}_ ;fn] d';f cl3 afrf u/]sf] xf]Og, aflx/ cfOh dtFnfO{ gvfOsg sxfF 5f]8\5' / .d';f]M -b'nf]leqaf6_ cf] la/fnf] bfO{, cl3 hfF8 vfPsf] a]nfdf s] s]elgof] s] s] ca ltdL cfkm\gf] af6f] nfu] x'G5 dfOG8 gu/ n .

ljljw @)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/

/fKtL va/

à Kof/ cln vfFg6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf

gx'Fbf rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] tLgdlxgfdf ! xhf/ % ;o ;jf/L;fwg sf/jfxLdf k/]sf 5g\ .lhNNff 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{noKo"7fgsf] tYofª\s cg';f/;fpgdf $ ;o %), ebf}df $ ;o%) / c;f]hdf ^ ;o ;jf/L;fwg sf/jfxLdf k/]sf x'g\ .;fpgdf @ ;o $& df]6/;fO{sn,$$ a;, $^ 6«s, && lhk / #^j6f 6«ofS6/ sf/jfxLdf k/]sf]sfof{nosf 6««flkms k|x/L lbksyfkfn] hfgsf/L lbP . yfkfn] eg],…/fhZj :j?k ! nfv $ xhf/ &;o ?k}ofF ;+sng ePsf] 5.Ú To:t} lhNnfdf lta| ultsf

k|To]s JolQmnfO{ dfgj k|f0fLsf]?kdf ckl/xfo{ yflgPsf] k|s[lt k|bQclwsf/nfO{ dfgjclwsf/sf ?kdflnOG5 . cfhsf] ljZjn] kl/efliftu/]sf] dfgjclwsf/sf ljifox?dfd'ntM gful/s tyf /fhg }ltsclwsf/, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[ltsclwsf/ / ;fd'lxs clwsf/ x'g\ .

cfw'lgs ;dfhsf] s]Gb|ljGb'dfgj ePsf]n] h'g;'s} kl/l:yltdfklg JolQmsf] cl:tTjsf] ;Ddfg /dfgjk|lt dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ ug'{ g}d fgj clwsf/sf ] cfw f/e "tcfjwf/0ff xf] . o;}n] ;a} j}rfl/s,/ fhg} lts Pjd \ ;f + :s[ lts;Ldfx?sf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm eO{ dfgj;'vsf] lglDt vf]hL ul/Psf] ljz]ifcfGbf]ng xf] eGg'df s'g} cTo'lQmgxf]nf .

%%^) jif{sf] dfgj Oltxf;df!$ xhf/ % ;o #! hlt n8fO{

nl8P5 . h;n] dfgj ;dfhdfk'¥ofPsf] ljgfz tyf k |yd tyflålto ljZj o'4n] % s/f]8eGbfa9L JolQmsf ] xTof x' Fbf dfgjhfltsf ] cGt/;+:s/0fdf r f ]6k'¥ofPsf] 5 o;}n] sfg'gL zf;gåf/fdfgj clwsf/ ;+/lIft x'g'k5{ .dfgjsf] dfg ;Ddfg / cljl5Ggclwsf/sf] dfGotfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{:jtGq Go fo / zf l Gt g }dfgjclwsf/sf cfwf/lznf x'g\eGg] tYonfO{ cfw'lgs ljZjn]dfg]sf] 5 .

; +o 'Q m / f i6 «; +3 :yfkgfePkZrft ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] kxndfdfgjclwsf/sf ] ;+/If0fsf nfluljleGg 3f]if0ffkq, dxf;lGw cg'af]w/ k |:t fjx? k f l/t u/ Ldfgjclwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ Pp6fcfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fOPsf]b]lvG5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df g]kfndf g]kfndfgjclwsf/ ;+u7g s'g} /fhgLltsbn;Fu c;Da4 / nfe lg/k ]If/xg]u/L hgtfsf ;du| tyf PsLs[t?kdf dfgjclwsf/ Pjd\ df}lnsclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gdf hf]8lbg] ;Dk "0 f { /fhaGbLx?sf ] tyfcGt/;+:s/0fsf aGbLx?sf] ljgf;t{d' lQm / oftgf Pjd\ d[To'b08sf]pGd'ngsf nflu ;+3if{/t x' Fb} ;a}k|sf/sf s'?k dfgljo ckdfghgsJojxf/sf] k|lt/f]w ug]{ 5l/tf], ;'nePjd\ lgZkIf Gofosf ] dfu ug] {nf]stGq Pjd\ sfg'gsf] zf;gsf]k|flKt / ;+:If0fsf nflu sfo{ ug]{,;+o 'Qm /fi6 «;+3sf dfgjclwsf/;DaGw L ;Dem f } t f, k | :tfj ,dxf;lGwx?nfO{ dfGotf lbO{ g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos bjfj lbgdfgljo d"Nok|lt ;Da]bgzLn kIfnfO{hf]8 lbg] cflb p2]Zo af]s]sf] of];+:yfsf ] :yfkgf s7f ]/ k~rfotLJoj:yfsfn @)$% df3 @% ut]sflbg ePsf] xf] . xfn o;sf zfvftyf pkzfvf u/L g]kfnsf w]/} lhNnftyf gu/x?df u7g ePsf] 5 .

ljutdf ePsf ] dfcf ]j fb Lhgo'4sf ] lznlznfdf 36 ]sf ]lx +;f Tds tyf k | lt lx +;f Tdsultlj lwn ] g ] k fnsf ] ev {/sf ]k|hftflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ vnaNofPsf]lyof] . h'g s'/f] dfgj clwsf/sf]

nflu 7"nf] r"gf}tLsf] ?kdf pkl:ytePsf] lyof] . Psftkm{ ;/sf/n]dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ gfpFdfdfgjclwsf/k|lt k|ltj4 Ps ;Eotyf ;';+:s[t /fHonfO{ g;'xfpg]bdgfTds gLlt ckgfPsf] lyof] eg]csf] {tkm{ dfcf]jfbLaf6 km/s dt/ fVg ]x?nfO { / fHosf ljljw;fwgx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] lx+;f ef}ltscft+s tyf cfly {s cft+ssf ]lgzfgf ag]sf lyP . o:tf ljljwvfn] lqmofsnfkn] k 'gM:yflktk|hftGqsf] k|fyldstf tyf uGtAoklg cf]em]ndf k/]sf] lyof] . o:tf]kl/l:yltdf lbSs ePsf hgtfn]cfzf ug]{ 7fpF g} dfgjclwsf/; +:y fx? / k | ]; x ' G Yo f ] .dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?n] klgcfkm\gf] ana'6fn] EofPsf] 7fpFdf;lqmo eO{ sfd uy]{ .

ljutem} + cfh klg hgtfn]:jtGq gful/s ;dfh tyfdfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?nfO{nf]stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ ultzLn,;j{;'ne, Gofolk|o agfpg] a}slNksdfWodsf] ?kdf x]/]sf 5g\ .

o; }n ] dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?n] x/]s lsl;dsf;+ls0f{tfaf6 d'Qm eP/ :jtGq /lgZkI f 5jL , ljZj;lgotf ,;+u7gfTds Ifdtf / Jofkstf tyfj}rfl/s kl/kSjtfdf a[ l4 ub}{d fgjclwsf/sf ] ljZjJo fk L3f]if0ffnfO{ lj;+ulto'Qm cj:yfaf6dfgjclwsf/o'Qm pHofnf] ;dfh/ ;Eotfsf] ofqfsf] nflu cfjZostof/L ;lxt dfgj clwsf/sf ]cfGbf]ngdf ;l/s ePdf xfd|f] g]kfnL;dfh cem ; 'Gb/ zf lGtn ]uf}/jflGjt x'GYof] ls <

sf/0f hf]lvd al9/x]sf]a]nf;jf/L ;fwgsf] lta| ultnfO{lgoGq0f ug{ ult dfkg oGq…/f8/ugÚ sf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf]5 . lta| ultn] ;–;fgf b'3{6gfe}/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;Defljt 7"nfb'3{6gf x'gaf6 hf]ufpg /f8/ugcfjZos ag]sf] 5 . 

…;Defljt b'3{6gflgoGq0fsf nflu …/f8/ugÚcfjZos 5 .Ú lhNnf 6«flkmssfof{no b]lj:yfgsf lgldQk|d'v z]/axfb'/ yfkfn] eg],…lhNnfdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ultlgoGq0f ug{ 6fO{dsf8{ nfu' ul/b}F5 .Ú cfjZos hgzlQmcefjsf sf/0f k|efjsf/L ;]jflbg g;lsPsf] yfkfsf] egfO{ 5 .

à z]v/ zdf{

ljutem}+ cfh klghgtfn] :jtGqgful/s ;dfh tyfdfgj clwsf/jfbL;+:yfx?nfO{nf]stflGqsJoj:yfnfO{ ultzLn,;j{;'ne, Gofolk|oagfpg] a}slNksdfWodsf] ?kdfx]/]sf 5g\ .

6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf ePg

-;;_ / f ] N k f . u '?ª;d'bfosf] 7"nf] kj{ Nxf];f/sf] cj;/kf/L ;|i6f rf}tf/Lsf] @( cf}+ z[ª\vnflnafªsf] u'?ªufpFdf ;DkGg ul/Psf]5 . u '?ªufp F l :yt bxrf } /dfcfof ] lht d]nfdf /rgf ;'gfpglhNnfsf ;flxTosf/x? ToxfF k'u]sflyP .

lhNnfsf ;/sf/L ty fu}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|d'vx?;lxt/f]Nkf If]q g+= ! sf ;efifb\ s[i0faxfb'/dx/fnufot d]nfdf ;xefuLx?dfem/f]Nkfsf ;|i6fx?n] cfkm\gf /rgf;'gfPsf lyP . sljtf, uhn,

d'Qmsdfkm{t\ s';L{sf] v]n 5f8 ]/;dod} ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ ;efifb\nfO{;'emfj lbP .

nf]s cfnf]s, 8L=aL= 6'x'/f],uf}/Lls/0f 8fFuL, k'/0f If]qL, cf]d kG5L,czf]s jnL, uug /f]sfo b}n]vL,dfgl;+x ljs, nf]s]Gb| ;]g, sdnfljw'du/, sdn ljjz du/nufotn]cfcfkm\gf /rgf jfrg u/]sf lyP ./fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\ lhNnf zfvf,/f]Nkfsf] cfof]hgfdf x/]s dlxgfsf]!% ut] ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] o;z[ª\vnfsf] ;+of]hg nlnt ;flxTokl/ifb\, /f]Nkfn] u/]sf] xf] .

lnafª–^, /f]Nkfk|f]= lj/]Gb| >]i7,(*$&*%)$)$

xfd|f ;]jfx?MsDKo'6/ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? ljqmL,8]:s6k sDKo'6/, Nofk6k ljqmL tyf dd{t,lk|G6/, kmf]6f]skL ljqmL tyf dd{t,lk|G6/ 6f]g/ l;kmlnª,g]6jls{ª ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? ul/G5 .

cgnfOg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf nflu

cd/lht k'gdu/ . dlxnf:jod\;]ljsfx?nfO{ ;zQm agfpg/ cfdf ;'/Iff sfo {qmdnfO{ ykk|efjsf/L agfpg /f ]Nkfsf ] Psuf lj;df :jod; ] ljsfx?nfO {df]jfOn ljt/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 .

/f]Nkfsf] blIf0fL If]qdf /x]sf]g 'jfufpF uflj;sf dlxnf :jod;]ljsfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg;ldltn] df]jfOn ljt/0f ug]{ hgfPsf]5 . /]l8of] hnhnfåf/f cfof]lht:jf:Yo ;]jf ;DaGwL ;fj{hlgsax;df ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf]xf] . ufpF3/df cem} :jf:Yorf}sLdf;'Ts]/L u/fpg]sf] ;+Vof Go"g /x]sfn]

:jf:Yorf}sL;Dd ;a}sf] ;dod} kx'Frk'¥ofpg] p2]Zo ;lxt of] sfo{ yfNgnfluPsf] :jf:Yorf}sL Joj:yfkg;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0faxfb'/ 8fFuLn]atfP . pgsf cg';f/ ;ldltsf]lgoldt a }7s a;L cfdf lzz ':jf:Yosf nflu r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdcleofgs} ?kdf nlug]5 . r]tgfcefjs} sf/0f ljleGg ;d:ofcfPsf] / To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nfluklg r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf] cfjZosk/]sf] 8fFuLsf] egfO{ 5 .

t/ :yfgLon] :jf:Yorf}sLdf s]s] ;'ljwf 5 eGg] s'/fdf ;d]t cfkm"x?cglj1 /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .

-;;_ /f]Nkf . /fª\;L ufpFljsf; ;ldltsf] cf=j=@)&@÷&#sf] P3f/f}+ ufpF kl/ifb\ cfO{taf/;DkGg  ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddfuflj;sf $ j6f /fhgLlts bnn]Jofg/ vf]n]/ pb\3f6g u/]sf]atfOPsf] 5 .

kl/ifb\df k'+hLut s'n ah]6@% nfv %& xhf/ rfn'ut $nfv %# xhf/ / cf+lzs ah]6 %)xhf/ lalgof]lht ul/Psf] 5 .k'hLut @! nfv $) xhf/ xhf/,nlIft ju{df ( nfv #@ * ?k}of@) cfly{s ;dflhds ef}ltsk"jf{wf/ ljsf;df & nfv ^@xhf/ ^!!, k|j{4gfTds sfo{qmddf # nfv % xhf/ $$ ?k}of, s[lifjg tyf jftf/0fdf @ nfv &)

xhf/, lhlj; sG6]Gh]G;L !% xhf/& ;o *), uflj; sG6]Gh]G;L *#xhf/ % ;o @* ?k}of, @ j6femf]n'+u] k'n / pkfksf] Doflrªkm08df # nfv !) xhf/, rfn'utpkef]u vr{ @ nfv (( xhf/,a}7s eQf !* xhf/, k|f]T;fxg eQf@ nfv !) xhf/, dn]k vr{ !@xhf/, ;~rf/df ^ xhf/, klqsf *xhf/, sfof{no ;~rfng %* xhf/% ;o &) ?k}of, lj1fkg vr{ !)xhf/, kl/ifb\ vr{ %, a}7s vr{!) xhf/, rfn' cg'bfg cfly{s;xfotf ( xhf/, ;]jf vr{ e|d0fvr{ $% xhf/ xhf/ ljlgof]lhtu/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf /fhgLltsbn tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf];xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . jQmfx?n]

jh]6nfO{ ;xL tl/sfaf6 kl/rfngug'{kg] {df hf]8 lbPsf lyP .sfo{qmddf uflj; ;lrjbofaxfb'/ a'9fdu/sf] cWoIftf/x]sf] lyof] .

To;}u/L /f]Nkfsf] /fª\sf]6uflj;sf] ;ftf}+ ufpF kl/ifb\ kf}if @!ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . uflj;;lrj Pjd cWoIf nId0f s];Lsf]cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdn]laleGg lzif{sdf ah]6 lalgof]hgu/]sf] 5 . lhlj; x'Fb}uflj;;Ddsf nflu cfPsf]ah]6nfO{ nlIft lgb]{lzsf cg';f/g}lalgof]hg ul/Psf] atfO{Psf] 5 .sfo{qmddf :yfgLo /fhgLlts bnsf;fy} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf]pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

km]; 6s÷ljljw@)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/

qm= ;+= b]z sDkgLsf] gfd sfdbf/sf] kb dfu ;+Vof sfd ug]{ ;do dfl;s tna vfgf a:g

!= dn]l;of On]S6«f]lgS; sDkgL hg/n js{/ !%) !! 3= !$)^ RM 5}g 5

@= Æ 6s r]Gb} kmf];{ ;]So'l/6L uf8{ (! !@ 3= !*)) RM 5}g 5

#= Æ PgP;s] ;'k/dfs]{6 hg/n js{/ !)% !! 3= !$)) RM 5}g 5

$= Æ /]i6'/]06 af/ j]6/ %) !! 3= !$)) RM 5 5

%= Æ Ujfn]s sG6«S;g x]Nk/ %) !! 3= !$)) RM 5}g 5

^= Æ kmlg{r/ x]Nk/ %) !! 3= !$)) RM 5}g 5

&= ;fpbL cn c/a n]a/ !%) !) 3= !$)) SR 5}g 5

*= Æ o"lg6 6«fG;kmd{/ x]Nk/ %) !) 3= !!)) SR 5 5

(= stf/ OG8f] c/a d]zg !%) * 3= !@)) QR 5}g 5

a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ;'j0f{ cj;/o; 6«i6 g]kfn cf]e/l;h k|f=ln= zfvf sfof{no bfªdf ljleGg b]zsf sDkgLx?af6g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] dfu eO{ cfPsf]n] ;SsnL /fxbfgL ;lxt ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .

k'gZrM xfdLsxfF sfk]{G6/, d]zg, On]S6«Ll;og, knDa/, j]N8/, O:6Ln lkGr/sf] klgdfu eO{ cfPsfn] OR5's JolQmn] ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .;Dks{M 6«i6 g]kfn cf]e/l;h k|f=ln= ljlkrf]s, s6x/af]6 3f]/fxL bfªl;wf ;Dks{M ;dL/ If]qL -(*$!&&##@@_ /f]Nkfsf nflu s'lj/ v8\sf -(*)^!($(@@_;'lnrf}/sf nflu uDeL/ a'9f -(*%&*@@!^^_

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;Gr} x 'g'x 'G5 <afFr]s} 5' .ljb]z hfg'ePsf] xf]Og, ot} kf] b]lvg'x'G5 t <xh'/, uPsf] lyPF t/ kmls{xfn]F .lsg l56\6} kms]{sf] t <sDkgL 6'6]/ kms]{sf] lg . gx'g]nfO{ t sxL+ uPgL gx'g]/}5 .p;f]eP s] 5 casf] Knfg <ufpF kms]{sf] ! dlxgfdfq ePsf] 5, tTsfn To:tf]Knfg s]xL 5}g .d+l;/ t uof ] Sof/], hf8f] ;do klg hfnfh:tf]5 ljx] s}n] ug]{ lg <xf==xf== cem} nug h'¥of 5}g, d klg vf]lhd} 5' . t/c? d+l;/ klg hfg] x'g\ ls eGg] 8/ 5 .clxn];Dd slt; Fusf] k|]dk|:tfj v]/ uof] <w]/}nfO{ k|:tfj} /flvPg clg s;/L v]/ hfcf];\ .Pp6L;Fu ;'?b]lv clxn];Dd rln/f5, st} v]/hfG5 lseGg] 8/ kf] nfU5 . cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 k|]dLsf] e"ldsf /fd|};Fulgjf{x ul//f5' . s]xL ;d:ofx? klg 5g\ .s]6Lx?n] k|:tfj u/] ls u/]gg\ <Psb'Ohgfn] u/]sf lyP, t/ jf:tf ul/Pg .rf/kf Frj6f aRrf ePsf] dlxnfn] d]/f] >Ldfg oxLxf] eg]/ tkfOnfO{ l;sfPkl5 s] ug'{x'GYof ] <xf==xf== s] ug'{ lg . d t a]xf]; x'Gy]F . ;f]w]s} 7fpFdfcf]5\ofg} gnfO{ dHhfn] ;'Ty]F . xf==xf==tkfOsf] ;flxTo l;h{gfsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <;fdfGo g} egf}+ . h]g6]g rn]s} 5 . @)^( ;fndfsljtf ;+u|x lgsfn]F, To;kl5 c? b'Oj6f ;fd'lxsuhns[lt cfpg] tof/Ldf 5g\ . To;nuQ} d'Qms ;+u|xlgsfNg] ls eGg] of]hgfdf 5' .s:tf] cj:yfdf ;flxTo l;h{gf ug'{x 'G5 <h'g s'/fn] cfkm"nfO{ 5'G5 clg dg kufN5 Tolta]nfcln w]/} n]V5' . slxn]sfFxL /f]dflG6s d'8df klg l;h{gfx'g] u5{g\ .hLjg s] xf] h:tf] nfU5 <hLjg Pp6f ;'v b'Mvsf] ;femf rf}tf/L xf] h:tf] nfU5 /;+3if{sf] vfgL klg xf] . ;+3if{ljgfsf] hLjg c;Dej 5 .;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf cGof}ntf 5, tkfO{ k|wfgdGqLjf ;efd'v ePsf] eP of] cGof}ntfnfO{ lrg{ s]ug'{x'GYof ] <Pp6f JolQmn] u/]/ x'Fb}g clxn] h] eO/x]sf] 5 ToxLx'GYof] xf]nf . t/ ;xdlt u/ eg]/ bnx?nfO{ Pp6fsf]7fdf nu]/ tfNrf nufOlbGy] xf==xf==gfRg slQsf] cfp F5 <xf==xf== clncln gflrG5 . klxn] t gflrGYof] cfhef]lnx8\8L s8f eP5 v'lDrGg . t/ dg k5{ .cfkm"n] rfx]/ klg ug{ g;s]sf] sfd s] 5 <cfdfafpsf] OR5f k'/f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . cfkm\gf]OR5f t emg\ stf xf] stf .

!= jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] slDtdf klg #% k|ltzt /sd ljkGg -dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt_ sf nflu nlIftsfo{qmddf kl/rfng ug]{ .@= jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] slDtdf @% k|ltzt /sd jg ljsf;df vr{ ug'{kg]{ .#= ;ldltdf cfDbfgLsf] slDtdf %) k|ltzt dlxgfsf] clgjfo{ Joj:yf .$= cWoIf / ;lrj dWo] Pshgf dlxnf x'g'kg]{ .%= ;d"xsf] cWoIf jf ;lrj / sf]iffWoIf ;lxt @ hgfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 a}+s vftf ;+rfng x'g'kg]{ .To;dWo] Ps dlxnf clgjfo{ x'g'kg]{ .^= ?= @%,))) eGbf sd cfDbfgL x'g] pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;d"xn] tf]s]sf] JolQm jf ;ldltaf6 u/] k'Ug] .&= u/]sf sfdsf] slDtdf jif{sf] ! k6s ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ / pQm sfdubf{ / lg0f{o k|lqmofdfljkGg, dlxnf, blntnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{ .*= n]vfk/LIfs ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f;efaf6 tf]lsg'kg]{ .(= ;fwf/0f;efaf6 :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ dfq pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .!)= ;ldltsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] dflg cfly{s clgoldttf ug]{ kbflwsf/L pk/ sfjf{xL ul/g]5 .!!= ofb /fVg'xf];\, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ljwfg cyjf jg sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / ;Daf]wg, kl/dfh{gu/]jfkt ;d"xn] s'g}klg z'Ns ltg'{kb}{g, olb sf]xL s;}n] To;f] u/]sf] kfOPdf l;w} jg clws[t;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg;lsg]5 .

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?n] hfGg}kg]{ s'/fx?M

;g:6f/ ;fKtflxs/f]Nkf

lhNnf jg clws[tlhNnf jg sfof{no /f]Nkf

hglxtsfnflu

xfd|f ;]jfx?M kmf]6f]u|fkmL, kf;kf]6{ kmf]6f], kmf/d eg]{ kmf]6f], gful/stf kmf]6f],kl/rokq kmf]6f], kmf]6f] k|m]ldª tyf n]ldg]zg, kmf]6f] lk|G6, MRP kmf/d eg] {, ljleGglsl;dsf :6]zg/L ;fdfu|Lx?, ljleGg lukm\6x?, k|df0fkq l8hfOg÷/ª\uLg tyf ;fbflk|G6, k|df0fkq k|m]ldª÷n]ldg]zg, kl/rokq l8hfOg÷lk|G6÷n]ldg]zg, Jofhl8hfOg÷lk|G6÷sel/ª, ;fOa/ ;]jf, 6fOlkª / lk|lG6ª, lstfa afOlG8ª, :kfO/nafOlG8ª, :Soflgª / lk|lG6ª, g]6 ;]jf -Od]n, OG6/g]6_, kmf]6f ]skL

ljz]if cfsif{0fM ldlg sn/ Nofj

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lnafª–^, 6'Fl8v]n glhs} /f]Nkf kmf]g km\ofS; )*)–$$)@$#,Email: shova.ram@gmail.com

k|f]= zf]ef/fd 8f FuL(*$&(%*(@@

ljleGg ;]jf Pp6} 5fgfd"lg, ;]jf ug]{ df}sf lbg'xf];\ .

;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd ;lxt kj{dgfPsf u '?ª ;d 'bfon ];/ f ]s f/j fnf lgsfosf ]Wofgcfsif{0f ;d]t u/fpg]k|of; u/]sf 5g\ .

lhNnfsf] hgk| ltlglwPjd \ ;ef;b, lhNnfsflg0ff{os txdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{/ fhg} lts bnsf k |d 'v,;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3; + :yf , kqsf/x?sf ];xeflutfdf cf } krf l/ssfo{qmd ub}{ cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf]pTyfgsf nflu Wofgfsif{0f;d ]t u/fP . sfo{qmddf;xef lutf hgfp Fb } o;;d'bfosf ] pTyfgsf nflu;a}n] cfcfkm\gf] If]q / txaf6;xof ]u ug ] { k | ltj4tf;xeflux?n] u/] .

lhNnfsf O {s fO {sld6Lsf k|ltlglw / lhNnfkl/ifb\sf k|ltlglwx?n] ljleGg% a'Fb] dfu ;lxt 1fkg kqs[i0faxfb'/ dx/f ;fd' k]z u/]. Nxf];f/sf] cj;/df kl/ifb\s}lgdGq0ffdf /f]Nkf cfpg' ePsfk"j{ pk–k|wfg tyf u[xdGqLPjd\ ! g+= lgjf{rg If]qsf;ef;b\ s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fnfO{kl/ifbn] 1fkg–kq a'emfpFb}u'?ª ufpFdf df]6/af6f] lgdf{0f,ufpFleq k}bn ofqLsf nfluaf6f] ;f]lnª ug]{, Eo" 6fj/lgdf {0 f, u'Daf lgdf {0f tyfvfg]kfgLsf nflu kxn ug{cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . 1fkg–kq a'em\b} dx/fn] Eo" 6fj/ /u'Daf lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf cufl8al9;s]sfn] o; } cfly {sjif { leq sfd y fngL x 'g ]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

pxfFn] cGo dfux?nfO{klg qmdzM k|lqmofdf cufl8a9fpg] cfZjf;g lbg'eof] .;ef;b\ dx/fn] Nxf];f/ kj{g ]kfnLsf ] ;f F:s[lts gLlwePsf ] eGb } o;kj {sf ]cj;/df ;a}df z'esfdgf;d]t JoQm ug'{eof] . ;a} wd{;+:s[ltnfO{ km"Ng] kmNg] cj;/klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfn]dfq lbg] eGb} dx/fn] olxk lxrfgsf ] ; +:y futarfj6sf nflu cfkm"x? ;+3if{ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn]sltko bnn] Tof] s'/f :jLsf/ug { g;s ]sf ] cf/ f ] knufpg'eof] .

d'n'ssf ;a} ;d'bfon]cfkm\gf]kgdf /dfpg kfpg'kg]{dfdx/fsf] hf]8 lyof] . pxfFn]u'?ª ;d'bfosf] lqmofzLntftyf ;fdflhs sfo {x?dfb ]lvPsf ] cu|;/tfn ] cfkm "xlif{t ePsf] atfpg'eof] .sfo{qmddf lalzi6 cf;gaf6af]Nb} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln 'saxfb ' / I f ] q Ln ] ;a }

;d'bfosf] ;fDk|bflostf x'g'kg]{atfpg'eof] . To:t} ljsf;clwsf/L bL3{axfb'/ kf]v|]nn]z'esfdgf JoQm ub}{ ;d'bfosf]pTyfgsf nflu lhlj; /f]Nkfn];d]t ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] /cfufdL lbgdf klg k"0f{?kdf;xof]u ug]{ k|ltj4tf AoQmug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf td' Kx]Nx' F ;+3sf s]Gb | Lo ;b:oOGb|axfb '/ td', 7pjf td',uf]kfn td', >Lk|;fb td' nufotkf]v/faf6 ;+:sf/, ;+:s[ltsf]pTy fgsf n f lu /f ] N k fcfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

To:t} g ]k fn L sf +u | ];/f]Nkfsf ;efklt s[i0faxfb'/3tL{, Pdfn] /f]Nkfsf cWoIfxl/k|;fb 3tL{ / Pdfcf]jfbL/f]Nkfsf ;lrj k"0f{ s];Ln] klgz 'esfdgf AoQm ub} { td ';d 'bfosf ] lq mo f lzntfdfcfkm "x?sf ] ;w} ;fy /xg]atfpg 'eo f ] . sfo {qmddfu } /;/sf/L ; + :yf dxf; +3/f]Nkfsf cWoIf laPg cfrfo{,pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 /f]NkfsfcWoIf lszf]/ cfrfo{, g]kfnkqsf/ dxf;+3 /f]Nkfsf ;lrjO { Zj/L lhPd nufotn ]z'esfdgf dgtJo lbg'eof] .sfo {q mddf b ]jLbQ u0fsflgldQ, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nok |d 'v, cg ';Gw fg k |d 'v,lhNnfsf ljleGg ;/sf/Lsfo f {nosf k |d 'v Pjd \

k | lt lg lwx?, u } / ;/sf/ Lsfof{nosf k|ltlglw, kqsf/nufotsf] cfltYotf /x]sf]lyof] . Nxf];f/sf] cj;/dftd' ;d'bfosf aof]a[4 *#jifL{o sfzL/fd td' / *# jifL{oZo fdsnL td ' :o f ]n fO {bf ];Nnfx cf ]9fP/ ;Ddfgul/Psf] lyof] .

o;}u/L Nxf];f/ kj{s}cj;/df u?ª /fli6«o kl/ifb\/ f ] Nkfn ] u'?ª ;d 'bfosf ]clwsf/ / xf]d:6] k|a4{gsfnflu kqsfl/tf If]qaf6 dxTjk"0f{of]ubfg lbPsf] eGb} gful/sb}lgssf lx/faxfb'/ 3tL{du/ //]l8of] hnhnf tyf ;g:6f/;fKtflxssf ;x;Dkfbs b]jLu'?ªnfO{ ;Ddfg kqn] ;Ddfgu/]sf] 5 .

o;}u/L @)&) ;fnsf]P;Pn;Ldf pTs[i6 glthfNofpg] td' 5fqf j8frf}/sLzflGtlk|of td':of] / u'?ªufplgjf;L ljzfn td'nfO{ gub/ k|z+;fkqn] ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5. o:t} elnan, bf}8, rsn]6bf}8, efn]5f]kfO{ nufot cGoljljw v]ns'b;Fu} k};/Lgfr,kGr ]a fh f ;d "xnfO{ ;d]t;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 .

sfo {q mdsf k |d 'vcltly Pjd\ lalzi6 cltlynufot cGo cltlyx?af6k'/:sf/ Pjd\ k|df0fkq ljt/0ful/Psf] lyof] .

-;;_ /f]Nkf . lnafª6'l8v]nl:yt Jofkfl/sejgdf Jofkf/ ub}{ cfPsf @bh{g a9L Jofkfl/x?n] & a'Fb]dfukq lhlj;sf] sfof{no/f]Nkfdf k]z ub}{ Wofgs{if0fu/fPsf 5g\ . ;f]daf/Jofkf/Lx?n] @)&! ;fnsflt{s @^ ut] ;fj{hlgsu/]sf] clknsf] s'g} k|ltlqmofgcfPsf] / sfof{noaf6cflwsfl/s s'g} hfgsf/L klggcfPsf] eGb} k'g Wofgsif{0fu/fpg] p2]Zon] dfukq;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ .

Jofkf/Ls ejgdf z'Nslt/]/ Aofkf/ul/ a:g]Jofkf/Lx?sf] ;6/x?df 6]G8/cfXjfg ug]{ t/ tNnf] tnf /dflyNnf] tnfdf 6]G8/ cfXjfggug]{ sfo{ ablgotk"0f{ ePsf]eGb} ;a} sf]7fx? 6]G8/k|lqmofdf Nofpg cfu|x u/]sf5g\ . Pp6f 5'6\6} kfgLwf/f,sd{rf/Lx?n] k|of]u ub}{cfO{/x]sf] b'O{j6f 6jfO{n]6Jofkf/Lx?n] klg k|of]u ug{kfpg'kg]{ dfu /fv]sf 5g\ .6'l8v]n j/k/ /flvPsf3'lDtx? cg'dlt ljgf/flvPsf] eP x6fpg tyfcg'dltdf ePdf ef8f c;'Ngdfu ul/Psf] 5 .

lqmoflzntfsf] === dfukq k]z

…;g:6f/ o'jf SnjÚ /f]Nkfsf nflu cWoIf k"0f{ s];Låf/f k|sflzt …;g:6f/ /fli6«o ;fKtflxsÚ;Nnfxsf/ M df};d /f]sfdu/, v]d a'9fdu/, uf}/Lls/0f 8f FuL, sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ M clwjQmf xf]daxfb'/ yfkf, ;Dkfbs M r]tnfn sj/

sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M gjLg nf]rgdu/, ;x;Dkfbs M b]jL u'?ª, ;'lnrf}/ k|ltlglw M df]xg lu/Lsfof{no M lnafª–^, /f]Nkf, kmf]g g+= (*$&*&&^&@, O{–d]n M sunstarweekly@gmail.com, d'b|0f M lxdfnog ckm;]6 k|]; lnafª–^, /f]Nkf

à laB'tLo xfp; jfOl/ªsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? cfjZostf cg';f/ yf]s tyf km'6s/ ;'ky d"Nodf kfOg'sf ;fy} bIf k|fljlwsåf/fxfp; jfOl/ª klg ul/G5 .à /fO{; s's/, cfO{/g, lds;/, km\ofg nufotsf ljB'tLo pks/0fx?sf] h8fg tyf dd{t ul/G5 .à ljB'tLo ld6/sf] nflu lgMz'Ns kmf/d el/G5 .à Ps jif{sf] Uof/]G6Lsf ;fy km/skm/s jf6sf l;PkmPn aNax? ljz]if 5'6df pknAw u/fO{G5 .à bIf cg'ejL k|lzIfsaf6 # dlxg] xfp; jfOl/ª ;DaGwL k|lzIf0fsf] ;d]t\ Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .

alnof], e/kbf]{ / ljZj;lgotfsf] nflu Psk6s xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .

ljB'tLo ;fdfg rflxPsf] xf] < xfdL u5f}{+ tkfOFsf] rfxgf k"/f

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;g:6f/ On]lS6«sN;nf]stflGqs rf]s lnafª /f]Nkf

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tfhf df;' vfO{l/NofS; ug]{] xf]Og <

Ps gh/ otf klg x} <

@)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf//f]=lh=k|zf=sf= btf{ g+= )^–)^(÷&)clGtdk[i7

cfpg'xf];\ xfdL tkfO{s} ;]jfdf ;dlk{t 5f}+ .

xfdLsxfF g]kfn 6]lnsdåf/f :jLs[t k|fKt gd:t], :sfO{, Pgl;onsf l;dsf8{ tyf l/rfh{ sf8{x? 6]lnsds}d"Nodf lalqmljt/0f ul/G5 . ;fy} ;fbf tyf /+uLg kmf]6f]skL, lk|G6, n]ldg]zg, Pdcf/kL kf;kf]6{sf kmf/d pknAw,dlN6sn/af6 n]6/ Kof8 t'?Gt} tof/ ul/G5 . u|fkmLS; l8hfO{gåf/f agfO{Psf] nf]uf]sf lrqx? gfO{ng 5fk,;]Nkm5fk, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf lgj]bg tyf kmf/d, s[lif tyf kz'kfng ;d"xsf kmf/dtyf ljwfgx?, clkml;onkmfO{n, kmf]6f]k|]md, :6]zg/L ;fdfu|Lx? ;"ky d"Nodf kfOG5 .

lnafª–^, /f]Nkf

ca gof F kl/j]zsf ;fydf g]kfn 6]lnsdåf/f l8n/ :jLs[t

k|f]= nfnaxfb'/ ;'gf/df]afO{n (*$$()))$@,

(&$*%^(%^( g]kfn 6]lnsdtyf lhlj; hfg] af6f]

xfdLsxf F n]l8h, h]G; P08 aRrfsf nflu cfjZos cfw'lgskm];g]an, k"/fgf tyf gof F h'g;'s} k|sf/sf sk8fx? u|fxssf]

/f]hfO{cg';f/ eg]s} ;dodf tof/ ul/G5 . l56f] 5l/tf] tl/sfn]:k]zn l;nfO{ rflxPdf xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .

u|fxssf] /f]hfO{ xfd|f] k|ltj4tf,km];g]an l;nfO{;Fu} cfof] ;'gufef

;'gufef 6]nl/ª P08 ;l6ª ;"l6ª ;]G6/;fTtfn]vf]nf lnafª /f]Nkf

k|f]= e/t kl/of/ df]afO{n (*^*^^)()!

df3 ! ut]b]lv & ut];Dd sf]6ufpF /f]Nkfsf] df3] ;+qmflGt ko{6g, s[lif tyf v]ns'b dxf]T;j @)&! sf] cj;/df s[lif,ko{6g, hn;|f]t, hl8a'6L, vlgh k|j{4g ug{sf nflu s[lif tyf v]ns'b dxf]T;j @)&! -dfl8rf}/ dxf]T;j_ cfof]hgful/Psf] 5 . pQm dxf]T;jdf ;xeflu eOlbg'x'gsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, kqsf/,v]nf8L, emfFsL ;d"x nufot ;a}nfO{ pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}F .dxf]T;jsf] p2]ZoM– !_ o'jfx?sf] v]ns'b, JolQmTj ljsf; ug'{ . @_ ls;fgsf s[lifhGo pTkfbgsf] k|bz{g u/L pTkfbgdfk|a4{g tyf k|]l/t ug'{ . #_ cfGtl/s tyf afXo ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t ug{ k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / o'4 ko{6gsf] k|rf/–k|;f/ tyf k|a4{g ug'{ . $_ k/Dk/fut s[lif pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f u/L Joj;flos agfpg' . %_ 3/]n' tyf ;fgfpBf]uaf6 pTkflbt ;fdfu|Lsf] k|rf/, k|a4{g tyf ahf/Ls/0f ug'{ . ^_ xf ]d:6]sf] k|rf/k|;f/ tyf k|a4{g ug'{ . &_ :yfgLoefiff, ;+:s[lt, e]ife'iffsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f / k|a4{g ug'{ . *_ cfly{s ultljlw a9fP/ cfdgful/ssf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg' .*_ dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug'{ . (_ ljzif]1 8fS6/x?sf] pkl:yltdf :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng u/L cfd gful/ssf] :jf:Yodf;'wf/ Nofpg' . !)_ ;fdflhs ?9LjfbL ;+:sf/ ;+:s[ltnfO{ lj:yflkt u/L ;Eo ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ .

df3] ;+qmflGt ko{6g, s[lif tyf v]ns'b dxf]T;j–@)&! dfl8rf}/, /f]Nkf

v]nsf lgodx?M != ;Dk"0f{ l6dn] @)&! k'; #) ut] ;fFem % jh];Dd btf{ ul/;Sg'kg{]5 . @= vfgf tyf cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ;DjlGwtl6dn] g} ug'{kg{]5 . 8«]; clgjfo{ x'g'kg{]5 . #= v]nf8L ;+Vof l6d sf]r ;lxt elnjndf ( hgf /xg]5g\ . $= v]ndf s'g} ljjfb cfPdfcfof]hssf] lg0f{o g} clGtd lg0f{o x'g]5 . %_ v]n df3 ! ut]b]lv g} ;'? x'g ]5 .v]n k|ltof]lutfsf nflu M ;f]daxfb'/ 3tL{du/ ;Dks{ g+= (*$&**(()) k|sfz k'gdu/ M (&$*%@(#!$s[li f k|bz{gLsf nflu M !_ ds} @_ wfg #_ ux'F $_ sf]bf] %_ hf} ^_ cb'jf &_ e6df; *_ l;dL (_ cfn' !)_ lkF8fn' !!_ t?n !@_;'Gtnf !#_ sfutL !$_ df};d !%_ /fof] !^_ tf]/L !&_ sfpnL !*_ aGbf !(_ km;L{ @)_ s]/fnfO{ k|bz{gLdf ;xefuL u/fOg]5 . plrtk'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dxf]T;jsf] k|d'v cfsif{0fx?M !_ dfl8rf}/ dxf]T;jdf ;xeflu xf]cf}F Û x]lnxf]K6/af6 :ju{åf/L, uf}d'vL, sf]7Lw'/L, hnhnf, wf}nflu/L,l;:g]nufotsf lxdz[ª\vnfsf] b[iofjnf]sg u/f}F . df3 @ / # ut]dfq p8fg ePsf]n] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] l;6 ;'/lIft /fVg'xf];\ . l6s6sf] cu|Lda'lsª k'; !% af6 v'nf ul/Psf]5 . l6s6 z'Ns !% ldg]6sf] Kofs]6 &,))) . / #) ldg]6sf] Kofs]h !#,))) dfq . @_ dfl8vf]nfdfklxnf]k6s /f]df~rs ¥ofkml6ª ofqf . l6s6 a'lsª k'; !% af6 v'nf /xg]5 . k|lt l6s6 ?= @)) dfq .l6ss a'lsªsf] nfluM bLk]Gb|s'df/ k'gdu/ (*%&*@)&)), ;'/]Gb| yfkf 3tL{du/ (*%&*@@*%, dfgl;+x las (*%&*@@@&%,vs{axfb'/ k'gdu/ k|sfz (&%*%)#%&&, jL/axfb'/ 3tL{ -xfjf_ (*$$(!^!(@, efgaxfb'/ 3tL{du/ ;Djfb (*$!**&!(!#_ nf]sbf]xf]/L k|ltof]lutf . -df3 @ ut]af6_ $_ dxf]T;jsf] ;ft}lbg /fli6«o :t/sf snfsf/x?sf] k|:t'tL . %_ lhNnfsf /fhgLlts kf6L{ /sd{rf/LaLrsf] d}qLk"0f{ km'6an k|ltof]lutf . -df3 # ut]_ ̂ _ d}qLk"0f{ lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf . -df3 $ ut]_ &_ ;f/+uL, k}+;]?, e"Dof, ;f]/7L, l;+uf?,jg3f/L, emf}/fnufotsf :yfgLo gfFrx? . *_ xf]6n tyf cfsif{s xf]d:6]x? . (_ :yfgLo vfgfsf kl/sf/x?, ld7fO{, kmnkm"n / k]o kbfy{sf:6nx? . !)_ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L lhNnf zfvf /f]Nkf;lxtsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf lgMz'Ns cfFvf lzlj/ . ljzif]1 8fS6/x?af6 lgMz'Ns:jf:Yo kl/If0f . !!_ Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf (Project For Agriculture Commercialization And Trade,PACT) sf] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd .

qm=;+= k|ltof]lutf k|yd k'/:sf/ l4lto k'/:sf/ t[tLo k'/:sf/ ;fGTjgf btf{ z'Ns! df8Lsk v'Nnf

cfdGq0f km"6an%) xhf/, sk,k|df0fkq

#) xhf/ kbs/ k|df0fkq

@) xhf/,k|df0fkq

!) xhf/ @ xhf/

@ v'Nnf cfdGq0fk'?if elnan

@% xhf/ sk,kbs, k|df0fkq

!) xhf/,k|df0fkq

% xhf/ ! xhf/

# v'Nnf cfdGq0fdlxnf elnan

!% xhf/ sk,kbs, k|df0fkq

% xhf/,k|df0fkq

% ;o!) xhf/,k|df0fkq

$ dflj :t/Lo xflh/Lhjfkm k|ltof]lutf

% xhf/ @ xhf/ % ;o# xhf/

k|ltof]lutf z'? ldltM @)&! df3 ! ut]b]lv . pb\3f6g M @)&! ;fn df3 @ ut] . ;doM lbp;f] !@ ah] . :yfgM df8Lrf}/ /f]Nkf

k|d'v cltlyM k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú -cWoIf_ PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_

k|j4 {sM g]kfn ko{6g af ]8{, ldl8of kf6{g/M / ]l8of ] hnhnf (^=)$ d]ufxh{, /f]Nkf ;dfrf/ ;fKtflxs klqsf