super chilled grains
DESCRIPTION
Products such as grains, seeds, oilseeds, nuts, and similar are still alive when stored after harvest. Their vital activity consumes their own mass and oxygen, generating carbon dioxide, water and heat. This can create a multitude of well-known troubles such as stored product weight loss and quality decrease.TRANSCRIPT
Digital Re-print - March | April 2013
Super chilled grains
www.gfmt.co.uk
Grain & Feed Milling Technology is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2013 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1466-3872
225 Rock Industrial Park Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63044 U.S.A.
The color blue, when used in connection with elevator buckets, is a U.S. registered trademark owned by Tapco Inc. © 2011 Tapco Inc.® All rights reserved.
Tel.: +1 314 739 9191 • Fax: +1 314 739 5880 • Email: [email protected] • www.tapcoinc.com
For over 35 years, and in more than 50 countries, Tapco has been solving the
problem of bent & torn steel buckets.
STYLE CC-HD (HEAVY DUTY)Polyethylene Elevator Bucket
Urethane • Nylon
®
Tapco nonmetallic buckets have the ability to absorb impactin the elevator leg and “give” or “yield” to bypass an
obstruction. They then return to their original shape and keepon working for you.
Tapco buckets weigh less than their pressed steel counterparts,lack sharp edges and therefore are far safer and easier to handlewhen fitting an elevator.
With 900,000 buckets in 93 sizes stocked throughoutthe world, Tapco has what you want, when you need it!Tapco also maintains over 15 million elevator bolts
in imperial and metric threads in six styles. Tapcofanged elevator bolts have been specificallydesigned to work with nonmetallic buckets.
Contact Tapco or visit www.tapcoinc.com today.
Replace your steel buckets with Tapco – the bucketswith the memory.
FANGED HEADElevator Bolt
Have You ExperiencedThis In Your Elevator?
ELEVATOR BUCKETS - ELEVATOR BOLTS
Bent_CCHD_A4march2011 2/17/11 10:51 AM Page 1
Products such as grains, seeds, oilseeds, nuts, and similar are still alive when stored after harvest. Their
vital activity consumes their own mass and oxygen, generating carbon dioxide, water and heat. This can create a multitude of well-known troubles such as stored product weight loss and quality decrease.
Insect infestation is a particular problem in poorly stored grains. Insects eat and infect the stored product, which is also reheated due to their vital activity. Insects start their presence from 13ºC, although the real insect infestation occurs from 18ºC with a peak between 30ºC and 40 ºC for most insect species.
Mould presence and subsequently danger-ous toxins, some of them carcinogenic, may enter into the food chain. Unfortunately, not all micro-flora presence is avoided by chilling the grain, since some species can survive below zero degrees centigrade. However, for the most part, micro-flora growth stays under control since most micro-flora species develop at temperatures between 20ºC and 40ºC.
In addition, water condensation inside silos and warehouses, can make grains stick to the silo/warehouse wall and rot.
In the case of grains with a high oil or fat content, their quality decreases quickly due to the fat oxidation. Heat speeds up this unwanted process.
Some products change colour under inadequate storage conditions. For example rice changes colour from white to yellowish, and later to orange. The colour change is a clear indication of product damage during storing, and its price drops a lot.
The evidenceGraph 1 shows different effects of storing
a product (in this case the graph is suitable for wheat and corn) under different condi-
tions of temperature and water content. From the graph it is evident that a high product temperature or moisture, or both, will damage the grain irreversibly.
Table 1 shows the weight loss that occur during any grain storage depending on dif-ferent grain conditions. In just three months, the weight loss may be the 3 percent of all storage. Quality loss occurs also although is not accounted in the table.
Solving storage issuesTraditional methods to try and solve
these issues include natural aeration. Under cold weather, ambient aeration is an excel-lent practice. It must however be expertly used since the different ambient air condi-tions between day and nights may create uncontrolled dryings or re-wettings of the stored product.
Under hot or hot and humid weather conditions, aeration is not applicable since the air does not have the right conditions to be blown into the stored product. If air is blown into the product under such conditions, there is a high risk of product reheating and product rewetting that will damage it soon.
Super chilled grains
Table 1: Weight loss of grain during its storage
Case:Product: corn
Amount: 1.000 MTMoisture: 15%
Storage time: 3 months
Grain temp ºC
Weight loss, MT
Chilled grain 10 ºC 0.5
Temperate grain 20 ºC 6
Non-chilled grain 30 ºC 9
Non-chilled grain 40 ºC 30
by Joan Rius, managing director Conserfrio, Spain
Graph 1: Adequate conditions for grain storage
Graph 2: Silo chilling sketch
Graph 3: Sketch of grain chilling in a warehouse
Grain&feed millinG technoloGy36 | march - april 2013
FEATURE
225 Rock Industrial Park Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63044 U.S.A.
The color blue, when used in connection with elevator buckets, is a U.S. registered trademark owned by Tapco Inc. © 2011 Tapco Inc.® All rights reserved.
Tel.: +1 314 739 9191 • Fax: +1 314 739 5880 • Email: [email protected] • www.tapcoinc.com
For over 35 years, and in more than 50 countries, Tapco has been solving the
problem of bent & torn steel buckets.
STYLE CC-HD (HEAVY DUTY)Polyethylene Elevator Bucket
Urethane • Nylon
®
Tapco nonmetallic buckets have the ability to absorb impactin the elevator leg and “give” or “yield” to bypass an
obstruction. They then return to their original shape and keepon working for you.
Tapco buckets weigh less than their pressed steel counterparts,lack sharp edges and therefore are far safer and easier to handlewhen fitting an elevator.
With 900,000 buckets in 93 sizes stocked throughoutthe world, Tapco has what you want, when you need it!Tapco also maintains over 15 million elevator bolts
in imperial and metric threads in six styles. Tapcofanged elevator bolts have been specificallydesigned to work with nonmetallic buckets.
Contact Tapco or visit www.tapcoinc.com today.
Replace your steel buckets with Tapco – the bucketswith the memory.
FANGED HEADElevator Bolt
Have You ExperiencedThis In Your Elevator?
ELEVATOR BUCKETS - ELEVATOR BOLTS
Bent_CCHD_A4march2011 2/17/11 10:51 AM Page 1
To reduce insect infestation, a common practice is the use of fumigation. The chemi-cal products used have to expertly and care-fully managed, for safety reasons. And do not decrease grain temperature.
The Conserfrio® system The Conserfrio® system can be used
independently of ambient weather con-ditions. Even under rain or fog there’s no risk of rewetting the grain. Our system is based on the making of con-stant conditions under which the grain storage is easy, natural, safe and profit earning.
Practices like turning the grain to cool it have weak success and waste lots of energy, also breaking some percentage of grains.
There are many direct savings and ben-efits related to a correct chilled conservation. The most important are:
• Avoiding fumigation means cost savings • Less weight loss, in other words higher
product output at the end of storage time
• Higher product quality means a higher selling price
• Higher head grains after the milling process. This point is especially important in the rice industry
• Energy savings in the drying process. It is possible and safe to store product with a higher moisture content if grain temperature is low. A drying-cooling combination achieves relevant energy savings.
All of these benefits give a very quick payback of the capital investment in the chillers, typically achieved in one or two years.
Our system is suitable to be used in silos (made of metal or concrete, flat bottom or conical bottom) and warehouses, not need-ing additional civil works. The cooling units need only electrical energy.
The chiller replaces the fan. The chilled, dry air is introduced into the silo through existing ducts.
In warehouses, the chilled air may be introduced through ducts placed under or over floor. In both cases a ducting system must be previously installed.
ConclusionThe system
has demon-strated to be the most natural and cost-effec-tive to preserve grains, seeds and perishable granulates dur-ing storage. A low storing tem-perature not only reduces the product vital metabolic activ-ity but also most of the troubles of a storing without control.
Typical users of chilled aera-tion are from small farms with as little as 100 ton storage up to large plants with storing capacities of around 100,000, 500,000 or even 1,000,000 mt.
Rice mills, flour mills, feed mills, malting plants, oilseed crushing plants
and grain storage facilities can all benefit of our technology.
Consergra is pioneer in the applica-tion of chilled aeration in many products. Throughout the years, we have gained lots of experience in the bulk preserva-tion of products such as paddy rice in all its varieties and lengths, cargo rice, milled rice, maize, wheat, barley, sunflower seeds, cotton seeds, beans, soybeans and green coffee beans to name but a few.
In benefit of the human and animal health and of the environment as well, grains and seeds must be responsibly treated as food.
More inforMation:Website: www.consergra.com
A low temperature is key point for a good storage
Refrigeration of a hopper silo
Grain chilling in a concrete silo
Warehouse grain chilling
Grain chilling in a flat-bottom metal silo
Grain&feed millinG technoloGy march - april 2013 | 37
FEATURE
www.gfmt.co.uk
LINKS• Seethefullissue• VisittheGFMTwebsite
• ContacttheGFMTTeam
• SubscribetoGFMT
A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891INCORPORATING PORTS, DISTRIBUTION AND FORMULATION
In this issue:
• Measures for increasing the energy efficiency of UFA feed mills in Switzerland
• Importance of trace minerals for nutrient stability in feed
• Managing mill maintenance - Maintenance options and challenges
• Super chilled grains
Mar
ch -
April
201
3
• Fine grinding and BS3 Xylanase improve productivity in weaners
• Additives for flour standardisation Part I: Enzymes
first published in 1891
ThisdigitalRe-printispartoftheMarch|April2013editionofGrain&FeedMillingTechnologymagazine.Contentfromthemagazineisavailabletoviewfree-of-charge,bothasafullonlinemagazineonourwebsite,andasanarchiveofindividualfeaturesonthedocstocwebsite.Pleaseclickheretoviewourotherpublicationsonwww.docstoc.com.
Topurchaseapapercopyofthemagazine,ortosubscribetothepaperedi-tionpleasecontactourCirculationandSubscriptionsManageronthelinkadove.
INFORMATIONFORADVERTISERS-CLICKHERE
Article reprintsAll Grain & Feed Milling Tecchnology feature articles can be re-printed as a 4 or 8 page booklets (these have been used as point of sale materials, promotional materials for shows and exhibitions etc).
If you are interested in getting this article re-printed please contact the GFMT team for more informa-tion on - Tel: +44 1242 267707 - Email: [email protected] or visit www.gfmt.co.uk/reprints