superb meeting apr 06 m w poole uk accelerator activity astec role and national programme...
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SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
UK Accelerator Activity
ASTeC Role and National Programme Perspectives
Mike PooleASTeC Director
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Role of AST in CCLRC
• Core Business for CCLRC
• DL and RAL created for particle physics: NINA NIMROD
• 40+ years expertise in electron, proton and ion accelerators
• Design, build and operate Large User Facilities• latterly photon and neutron sources: SRS ISIS HELIOS
• Develop next generation solutions• DIAMOND ESS ERLP/4GLS ( ILC, NF, ……..)
• Underpinning R&D programmes
• Interdisciplinary skills plus operational scale
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
CCLRC AST Review - 2001
• Major skill bases remained in ISIS and SR Departments
• Particle physics accelerator expertise (almost) lost
• Accelerator Science and Technology Centre (ASTeC) created in 2001, initially 20 staff - now ~50 staff - accelerator specialists only - £7M pa programme by 2005
• Expansion stimulated by SR02 awards to CCLRC + PPARC
• Major development activities continue in ISIS Department, partly supported by ASTeC (~£1M pa)
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
ASTeC Strategic Objectives• Establish and consolidate UK core accelerator skills base
– leadership and advice to stakeholders
• Ensure international competitiveness – (people + programmes)
• Develop future LSF – (advice, design, prototype, construction, commission)
• Pursue underpinning technology – (inc. experiments)
• Encourage significant collaborations – (HEIs + international)
• Promote AST inside and outside CCLRC
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Key Elements
• Underpinning design studies on future user facilities
• Frontier beam dynamics simulations
• New technology demonstrations
• Advanced beam test facilities
• Major networking with HEIs and overseas laboratories
• Knowledge transfer
• Recruitment/retention
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
ASTeC Structure• Five Groups:
– Accelerator Physics (Susan Smith) (16)
– Intense Beams (Chris Prior) (7)
– RF and Diagnostics (Peter McIntosh) (15)
– Magnetics and Radiation Sources(Jim Clarke) (7)
– Vacuum Science (Joe Herbert) (6)
• Restrict to AST specialisms - CCLRC engineering etc
• New style of funded Technology Centre within CCLRC
• Income received also from DIAMOND, SRS, 4GLS, EU…
and PPARC
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Themes for 21st Century
• Energy frontier (or efficiency)
• Extreme power proton drivers
• Ultra-high brightness electron drivers
Solution (often) = New technology
eg SRF
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Principal ASTeC Sponsored Programmes
• Light sources - 4GLS, FELs, ERLP
• Linear collider - ILC, CLIC
• Neutron source - generic next generation (MW), FETS
• Neutrino factory - MICE, design concepts, proton driver, FFAG
• DIAMOND design/procurement role (CDR/TDR; now greatly reduced)
• SRS support/development (hands-on role and training until 2008)
• Blue Skies (laser-plasma projects)
• Underpinning technology (eg undulators, NEG pumps, RF systems etc)
NB Sundry smaller scale projects/collaborations include KATRIN
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Joint CCLRC/PPARC Programme
• Funded from SR02 allocations
• Dedicated to LC and NF (+ Accelerator Institutes)
• Responsive mode grants awarded to LC and NF Collaborations (CCLRC + 15 HEIs)
– Birmingham Cambridge Dundee Durham Lancaster Liverpool Manchester Oxford QMUL RHUL UCL– Glasgow IC Liverpool Oxford Sheffield Warwick
• Funded April 04-March 07:
– LC-ABD = £9.1M (PPARC) + £1.5M (CCLRC)
– UK-NF = £2.0M (PPARC)
NB Additional £9M on Accelerator Institutes to 2012 (<£2M this period)
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
PPARC Award to CCLRC (2004-2007)
• Total funds £4.7M (75% LC, 25% NF)
• Staff support £3.2M (ie ~50 sy)
• ASTeC gets £2.4M to cover its staff
• This covers both LC and NF activities
NB ASTeC adds £3M to this Joint Programme (inc MICE)
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
LC-ABD National Collaboration
• Linear Collider studies now organised in UK largely through LC-ABD Collaboration with HEIs (2004-2007)
• Strategic decision to concentrate on Beam Delivery System
• Major funding initiatives (~ £11M over 3 years)
• ASTeC takes lead role in Beam Dynamics and in Magnet and RF Technologies. New Beam Dump topic now initiated.
• Further major ASTeC role in Beam Diagnostics
NB Also participate in EUROTeV programme - leverage used (and extra topics)
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
• Configuration for 500 GeV machine • Expandability to 1 TeV
ILC Baseline Configuration (2006)
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
LC Beam Dynamics at ASTeC
• ILC Baseline BDS – Mainly 2 mrad crossing studies
– Final Focus optimisation design with local chromaticity correction
– Compensation of higher order aberrations
– Extraction line design
– Collimation region design and simulations
– Ground motion modelling for the linear collider
• Necessary beam dynamics codes for these studies have been implemented.
These are PPARC funded Work Packages - HEI collaborations
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
LC Technology at ASTeC
• Polarised positron source (SCM)
• Crab RF system (SRF)
• Collimation solutions
• Diagnostics (nm + fs)
• Multi-MW beam dump (just initiated)
These are PPARC and CCLRC funded Work Packages - HEI collaborations
NB ASTeC also funds support for SLAC ESA station master
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Other LC-ABD Activities
• Laser wire
• Longitudinal bunch structure
• Polarisation analysis
• Laser alignment surveyor and Stabilisation
• Intra--bunch fast feedback
• Spectrometry
Led by HEIs
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Muon
Storage
Ring
High current H– sourceProton
DriverTarget Capture
Co
olin
g
Muon Acceleration
‘near’ detector (1000–3000km)
‘far’ detector (5000–8000km)
‘local’ detector
Schematic Neutrino Factory
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
NF Accelerator Challenges
• 5-10 MW proton beam generation
• Pion target survival
• Muon capture (and cooling ?)
• Muon acceleration and storage
Conceptual studies have UK funding
Probable EU FP7 Design Study bid (2007-2010)
UK could host ?
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
ASTeC Neutrino Factory Studies
• PPARC funded programme with HEIs
• ASTeC conceptual studies of proton driver options (including high intensity synchrotrons) and muon accelerators
• High power target studies
• Pre-FP7 Scoping Study (joint CCLRC/PPARC initiative)
• Direct financing of MICE Phase 1 (and RF activities for Phase 2)
• International collaborations, including FFAG development
These are PPARC and CCLRC funded Work Packages - HEI collaborations
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
MICE ProjectMuon Ionisation Cooling Experiment
Under construction at RAL
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
ASTeC Expenditure Overview 2005/6
EXPENDITURE BY PROGRAMME 05/06
EU AND REPAYMENT WORK13%
PPARC/CCLRC LC-ABD PROGRAMME
26%
PPARC/CCLRC UK-NF PROGRAMME
14%
HIGH POWER PROTON ACCELERATORS
15%
HIGH BRIGHTNESS ELECTRON
ACCELERATORS7%
UNDERPINNING RESEARCH
11%
OTHER PROFESSIONAL
ACTIVITIES14%
PPARC/CCLRC LC-ABDPROGRAMME
PPARC/CCLRC UK-NF PROGRAMME
HIGH POWER PROTONACCELERATORS
HIGH BRIGHTNESS ELECTRONACCELERATORS
UNDERPINNING RESEARCH
OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
EU AND REPAYMENT WORK
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
800 MeV protons, 200 µA, 160 kW on tungsten target~2×1016 neutrons/second (mean) from spallation
ISIS Neutron Source
At RAL site
H– ion source (17 kV)
665 kV H– RFQ
70 MeV H– linac
800 MeV proton synchrotron
World record
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Intense Neutron Source• ISIS is present world record holder (160kW+)
• ISIS upgrade to 1 MW studied and feasible
• CCLRC major contribution to ESS Design Studies (multi-MW)
• Front End Test Stand (FETS) develops intense LE solutions– ion source LEBT (75 keV) RFQ MEBT (3 MeV) diagnostics
(Linac ?)
• Proton driver synergy with Neutrino Factory
• Combined ISIS/ASTeC activity
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Daresbury SRS Concept
Storage RingBooster
Linac
Beamlines
80 keV
12 MeV 600
MeV
World’s first dedicated x-ray source
2 GeV
Synchrotron becomes a storage ring
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
SRS Layout
UK National Light Source operated since 1980 - to be replaced by DIAMOND
300 mA
Daily fills
Pioneering magnetic insertion devices
Closes down Dec 2008 !!!
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
The Nobel Prize: F1 ATPase structure
• Sir John Walker won a share of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for solving the structure of the F1 ATPase enzyme using the SRS
• Developed an important new technique; opens the way for new insights into metabolic and degenerative disease
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Alternative Compact Light Source
Designed at DaresburySold by Oxford Instruments to IBM in 1990 - lithographyOperated successfully for 10 years
700 MeV
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
The DIAMOND Project
Transfer line
Transfer line
STORAGE RING
3 GeV 24 cells
Instrument
BOOSTER 3 GeV
LINAC100 MeV
Circumference = 560 m
5 m and 8 m straights
300 mA
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
First beam in the booster Dec. 21st 2005
DIAMOND Commissioning Milestone
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Next Generation Light Source
• Strong UK communities exploiting existing advanced storage ring and ‘table top’ laser facilities (SRS, ESRF, CLF)
• DIAMOND will serve the x-ray community from 2007 (XFEL ?)
• Low energy (< 1 keV) requires a separately optimised source
• Users have identified the need to supplement transverse brightness by compression longitudinally - fs pulses
• Many scientific applications need multiple sources– eg pump-probe
SYNERGIES: ULTRA HIGH BRIGHTNESS ELECTRON BEAMS
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Storage Ring Limitations
•Equilibrium beam dimensions set by radiation emission
•Beam lifetime limits bunch density (1011 turns)
•Demanding UHV environment
•Undulators restricted by cell structure and apertures
•Most issues worse at low energies (eg < 1 GeV)
FUNDAMENTAL 3GLS LIMITATIONS
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Linac Based Light Source
•Storage ring (1011 turns) fundamental limitations ()
•Linacs can deliver very high quality electron beams
•Temporal pulse pattern flexibility
•High average flux requires Energy Recovery Linac (ERL)
•Superconducting RF technology can be exploited
•High average brightness gun is essential development
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
New UK Light Source
• Strong UK communities exploit existing storage ring and ‘table top’ laser facilities (SRS, ESRF, CLF)
• DIAMOND serves x-ray community from 2007
• Low energy (< 1 keV) requires separately optimised source
• Users need to supplement high transverse brightness by compression longitudinally - fs pulses
• Many scientific applications need multiple sources– eg pump-probe
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
ERL Prototype (ERLP) ProjectPartnership: DL (ASTeC + SRS)
RAL (CLF)
HEIs (Manchester/Liverpool/Strathclyde)
Jefferson Lab
Stanford
Rossendorf
Principal challenges:
• High brightness and intensity gun
• High current superconducting linac
• Beam transport optics (bunch compression, CSR, wakes)
• Diagnostics
and:• Lack of experience
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
ERLP Progress
• Design challenges overcome - engineering solutions produced
• Construction well advanced
• Commissioning all systems late 2006
• Experimental exploitation planning - 2007 onwards
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
590 MeV Linac
600 MeV
Dump (1 kW)
XUV FEL
Spent Beam
Undulator Photon Beams to
Experiments
HHG Seed Laser
160 MeV
XUV FEL Gun
BunchCompressor
3rd HarmonicCavity
IR FEL
THz Source
Photon diagnostics &
Filtering
High Average Current Branch
VUV-FEL
Spontaneous Sources
750 MeV
200 MeV
Bending magnet Source
High Current Gun 10 MeV Dump (~1MW)
750 to 950 MeV
TimingSignal
IR FEL Gun
XUV Injector Linac
50 MeVIR Booster Linac
15 to 50 MeV
Dump (50 kW)
BunchCompressor
XUV Booster Linac
Outward Arc
Insertion DeviceBeamlines
Optical Delay0 to few ns
10 MeV
Photon Beams to Experiments
IR for CombinedSource Experiments
Optical Delay
Return Arc
Distributed Bunch Compression
1000pC
80pC
Pulse Pattern in Linac
8 0 p C
Pulse Pattern in Spontaneous Branch
Pulse Pattern in XUV FEL Branch
1 kHz
80pC , 6 .25M H zPulse Pattern in IR FEL
Branch
IR
XUV FEL Branch8 0 p C
Pulse Pattern in Photon Beams
1 kHz
Pulse Pattern in Photon Beams
4GLS Multi-Source Concept
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
4GLS Project Status
• Conceptual Design Report (CDR) - April 2006
• Technical Design Report - Early 2007
• Possible bid - Late 2007
• Possible construction - 2008-2012
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
ERLP as an Accelerator Test Facility ?
Chirped beam compression~100 fs
FEL included
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
20 to 400 keV
Operated at MURA in
1956
Bohr
Chandrasekhar
FFAGs have Ancient History
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Orbit excursion ~0.9m
+ k
r
rBB
00
where k=7.5
Magnets are large, complex & expensive
Scaling and Non-scaling FFAG
Pioneered in Japan - Scaling Type
Bz(r)
r
Bz(r)
r
Non-scaling
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
• Electron model - baseline design done
• Selected lattice: - 10 to 20 MeV 42 cells, doublet lattice -
37cm cell length ~16m circumference - RF alternate cells 1.3GHz
• Specification of hardware started
•Possible location - Daresbury
EMMA
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
0.50.40.30.20.10.0
x [m]
10 MeV 12 MeV 14 MeV 16 MeV 18 MeV 20 MeV
52.00
51.98
51.96
51.94
51.92
51.90
51.88
51.86
201816141210kinetic energy [MeV]
674 cells 16 turns
EMMA Simulations
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Other Underpinning R&D Collaborations
• Laser based accelerator systems (with CLF and HEIs)
• Novel magnet systems (with EID and HEIs)
• Vacuum science research collaborations (inc MMU contract)
• Advanced RF technology (with HEIs)
ca £500k pa staff costs (70% ASTeC)
NB This excludes generic R&D elements of funded project programmes
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
The Accelerator Institutes• Formal ASTeC policy is to collaborate with both CI and JAI
• Search for synergies with broad range of ASTeC programmes
• ASTeC will fund 2 joint appointments (or equivalent) in each Institute
• ASTeC is equal partner in CI, participates fully in management and policy issues and will share building at DL in April 06 - CCLRC on CI Board.
• Many CI staff already housed with ASTeC on DL site
• Negotiations underway with JAI on joint programmes and appointments
• ASTeC is represented on JAI Executive Committee
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
VISION
• UK to play major role in future international PP Facilities
• Participation via skill base and ‘in kind’ delivery
• AST investment for international competitiveness
• Maintain flexibility
• Crucial CCLRC role:– core skills
– interdisciplinary integration
– mega-technology
– project management
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
CCLRC Investment Priorities
• Sustainable skill base
• Funding of prototypes
• Integrated SRF design/construction/testing facility
• Build and operate e-FFAG Model (on ERLP)
• Construct e and p Accelerator Test Facilities (DL + RAL)
• Ramp up R&D funding prior to Capital Facility
NB All of these involve HEI collaboration and cross-Council interests
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
SRF Technology Initiative ?
• Maturity and applicability of superconducting RF systems• including ILC - potential major UK industrial role ?
• Demanding superconducting RF infrastructure
• Integrated design, build and test (HP) - nowhere in Europe !
• Collaboration • ASTeC/HEIs/Industry/Faraday Partnership/NWDA
• Exploit Daresbury infrastructure
• Unsuccessful bids to PPARC etc (£10M ?)
SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole
Conclusions
• AST in UK has recovered its international status
• Investment has established strong CCLRC + HEI base
• Career attraction needs reinforcement
• Programme should be broadened
• Evolution to prototyping will be expensive!
• CCLRC/PPARC close policy cooperation is crucial