superbeams with spl at cern
DESCRIPTION
Superbeams with SPL at CERN. 1. Introduction 2. SPL principle and characteristics 3. On-going R&D 4. Staging 5. Summary and Conclusion. SPL = Superconducting Proton Linac A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based on a high-energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 1 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Superbeams with SPL Superbeams with SPL at CERNat CERN
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
2. SPL principle and characteristics2. SPL principle and characteristics
3. On-going R&D3. On-going R&D
4. Staging4. Staging
5. Summary and Conclusion5. Summary and Conclusion
SPL = Superconducting Proton Linac
A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based on a high-energy Superconducting Linear Acceleratoron a high-energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 2 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
From Neutrino Factory to From Neutrino Factory to Neutrino SuperbeamNeutrino Superbeam
CERN baselinescenario for aneutrino Factory
from decay collected, cooled,accelerated andcirculated in a decay ring
Optimal baseline2000-3000 km
20 m
Decay tunnel
Far detector
Near detector
superbeam
Neutrino Superbeamfrom SPL
from decay, energy 250 MeV
Optimal baselinefor far detector130 km
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 3 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Other Applications of the Other Applications of the Proton DriverProton Driver
Approved physics experimentsApproved physics experiments CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): increased flux (~ 2) Anti-proton Decelerator: increased flux Neutrons Time Of Flight (TOF) experiments: increased flux ISOLDE: increased flux, higher duty factor, multiple energies... LHC: faster filling time, increased operational margin...
Future potential usersFuture potential users “Conventional” neutrino beam from the SPL “super-beam” Second generation ISOLDE facility (“EURISOL” -like) LHC performance upgrade beyond ultimate…
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 4 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The TeamThe Team
Neutrino Factory Working Group (http://nfwg.home.cern.ch/nfwg/nufactwg/nufactwg.html)
Proton Driver Rings Working Group(http://hos.home.cern.ch/hos/NufactWG/Pdrwg.htm)
Superconducting Proton Linac Working Group(http://cern.web.cern.ch/CERN/Divisions/PS/SPL_SG/)
Target Study Team
Work going on since 1999…
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 5 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The SPL Working GroupThe SPL Working Group
Conceptual Design of the SPL, a High Power Superconducting Proton Linac at CERNEd. M. Vretenar, CERN 2000-012
REFERENCE :
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 6 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The Superconducting Proton The Superconducting Proton Linac: Main PrinciplesLinac: Main Principles
In line with modern High Power Proton Accelerator projects (SNS, JKJ,…)
Re-use of the LEP RF equipment (SC cavities, cryostats, klystrons, waveguides, circulators, etc.)
The LEP klystron
Storage of the LEP cavities in the ISR tunnel
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 7 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
H-
RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 0.52 0.7 0.8 dump
Source Low Energy section DTL Superconducting section
45 keV 3 MeV 120 MeV 2.2 GeV
40MeV 237MeV
11.5 m 55 m 584 m
PS / Isolde
Stretching andcollimation line
Accumulator Ring
Debunching
383MeV
665 m
DTL CCDTLchopping
H- source, 25 mA14% duty cycle
Fast chopper
(2 ns transition time)
Cell Coupled Drift Tube Linac
new SC cavities: =0.52,0.7,0.85-cell 0.8 cavities replacing 4-cell 1 cavities in the LEP cryostatRF system:
• freq.: 352 MHz• amplifiers: tetrodes and LEP klystrons
The Superconducting Proton The Superconducting Proton Linac: Design (1)Linac: Design (1)
2.2 GeV energy:• direct injection into PS• threshold for production
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 8 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The SPL: Design (2)The SPL: Design (2)
Input Output No. of Peak RF No. of No. of No. of Lengthenergy energy cavities power klystrons tetrodes Quads(MeV) (MeV) (MW) (m)
Source, LEBT - 0.045 - - - - - 2
RFQ 0.045 3 1 0.5 1 - - 2.4Chopper line 3 3 7 0.6 - 5 12 9.1
DTL 7 120 79 13.6 17 - 160 55 120 236 42 1.5 - 42 28 101 236 383 32 1.9 - 32 16 80 383 1111 52 9.5 13 - 26 166 1111 2235 76 14.6 19 - 19 237Debunching 2235 2235 4 - 1 - 2 13
Total 293 42.2 51 79 263 665.5
Section
54 cryostats, 32 directly from LEP,the others reconstructed
51 LEP-type klystrons (44 used in LEP)
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 9 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
SPL Beam SpecificationsSPL Beam Specifications
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 10 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
T= 2.2 GeVIDC = 13 mA (during the pulse)IBunch= 22 mA3.85 108 protons/bunchlb(total) = 44 ps*H,V=0.6 m r.m.s
(140 + 6 empty)per turn
845 turns( 5 140 845 bunches per pulse)
no beam
2.8 ms
20 ms
140 bunches
20 ms
3.2 s
Charge exchangeinjection
845 turns
PROTON ACCUMULATORTREV = 3.316 s
(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)
1 ns rms(on target)
22.7 ns
TARGET
H+140 bunches1.62 1012 protons/bunchlb(rms) = 1 ns (on target)
Fast ejection
KICKER20 ms
3.3 slb(total) = 0.5 ns
DRIFT SPACE+
DEBUNCHER
H-
11.4 ns
22.7 ns
5bunches
Fast injection(1 turn)
BUNCH COMPRESSORTREV = 3.316 s
(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)
BUNCHROTATIONRF (h=146)
Fast ejection
RF (h=146)
3 emptybuckets
17.2 ms
The Accumulator – The Accumulator – Compressor SchemeCompressor Scheme
Two Rings in the ISR Tunnel
Accumulator:3.3 s burst of 144 bunches at44 MHz
Compressor:Bunch length reduced to 3 ns
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 11 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Parameter Value Unit Mean beam power 4 MW Kinetic energy 2.2 GeV Repetiton rate 50 Hz Pulse duration 3.3 s Number of bunches 140 Pulse intensity 2.27 1014 p/pulse Bunch spacing (Bunch frequency)
22.7 (44)
ns (MHz)
Bunch length () 1 ns
Relative momentum spread () 510-3
Norm. horizontal emittance () 50 m.rad
Characteristics of the beam Characteristics of the beam sent to the targetsent to the target
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 12 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Layout on the CERN site Layout on the CERN site
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 13 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Cross sectionCross section
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 14 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
SPL R&D TopicsSPL R&D Topics
1. Minimise beam loss to avoid activation of the machine (loss<1 W/m)Beam Dynamics studies, optimise layout and beam optics
2. Chopper structure to create a time distribution in the beam that minimises losses in the accumulator
Travelling wave deflector with rise time <2 ns3. Efficient room-temperature section (W<120 MeV)
CCDTL concept4. Development of SC cavities for <1
Sputtering techniques5. Pulsing of LEP klystrons
Built for CW, operated at 50 Hz, 14% duty6. Pulsing of SC cavities and effects of vibrations on beam quality
Low power (feedback), high power (phase and amplitudemodulators) and active (piezos) compensation techniques
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 15 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
H-
RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 0.52 0.7 0.8 dump
Source Low Energy section DTL Superconducting section
45 keV 3 MeV 120 MeV 2.2 GeV
40MeV 237MeV
11.5 m 55 m 584 m
PS / Isolde
Stretching andcollimation line
Accumulator Ring
Debunching
383MeV
665 m
DTL CCDTLchopping
Collaboration on RFQs with CEA-IN2P3 (IPHI)
and INFN Legnaro
352 MHz test place prepared (planned tests of CEA-built DTL structures in 2002)
3 D view of a coupled cavitydrift tube module(CCDTL)
Chopper structure
-Full performance prototype tested-Driver amplifier in development
Scaled model (1 GHz) in test
SPL R&D – Low EnergySPL R&D – Low Energy
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 16 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The =0.7 4-cell prototype
CERN technique of Nb/Cu sputteringfor =0.7, =0.8 cavities (352 MHz): excellent thermal and mechanical stability (very important for pulsed systems) lower material cost, large apertures, released tolerances, 4.5 K operation with Q = 109
Bulk Nb or mixed technique for =0.52 (one 100 kW tetrode per cavity)
0.1
1
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Eacc [MV/m]
Q/1
09
0.8 single cellLEP0.7 4-cells0.8 5-cells
SPL R&D – Low Beta SC SPL R&D – Low Beta SC CavitiesCavities
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 17 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Mod anode driver
RF output power(800 kW max.)
5 ms/div
1 ms/div
LEP power supplies and klystrons are capable to operate in pulsed mode after minor modifications
14/05/2001 - H. Frischholz
SPL R&D – Pulsing of LEP SPL R&D – Pulsing of LEP KlystronsKlystrons
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 18 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Effecton field regulation
Effect onthe beam
unsolved problem ! Needs work (high power ph.&l. modulators, piezos,…)
similar difficulties are likely in the muon accelerators!
SPL R&D – SPL R&D – RF power distribution RF power distribution & field regulation in the SC cavities& field regulation in the SC cavities
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 19 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Test of a 3 MeV HTest of a 3 MeV H-- injector injector In collaboration with CEA-IN2P3 exploiting the IPHI set-up
120 MeV H120 MeV H-- linac in the PS South Hall linac in the PS South Hall Goal: increase beam intensity for CNGS and improve
characteristics of all proton beams (LHC, ISOLDE…) Under study: detailed design report with cost estimate in 2003 Needs new resources (collaborations, manpower, money)
Full SPL Full SPL
StagingStaging
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 20 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
"NEW LINAC" Layout in the PS South Hall - version 5.2.2002
12.0
m
PS Access
RF Workshop
Loading Area
Storage AreaRFQ Test stand352 MHz Test StandLoading
Area
Increased brightness for LHC, 1.8 the flux to CNGS & ISOLDE, … (with upgrades to the PSB, PS & SPS)very cost-effective facility: hall and infrastructure are available in the PS
all the RF is recuperated from LEP shielding is done with LEP dipoles!
To the PSB
H- source
Beam dump
LEIR
PS
The SPL Front-end (120 MeV) in the PS The SPL Front-end (120 MeV) in the PS South Hall (intermediate proton intensity South Hall (intermediate proton intensity
increase)increase)
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 21 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The 120 MeV LinacThe 120 MeV Linac
75 m
(100 m available in PS South Hall)
M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 22 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion
The SPL design is improving, R&D is going onThe SPL design is improving, R&D is going on
Work in progress on most items, based on Work in progress on most items, based on collaborationscollaborations
A staged approach is proposedA staged approach is proposed
Feedback (and support !) is needed from potential Feedback (and support !) is needed from potential usersusers