superior olive anatomy-2013 - uconn health€¦ · mso cells form layers that are tonotopically...

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Page 1: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 2: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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This is the entire ascending auditory pathway with the location of the superior olive circled in yellow.

Page 3: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

The location of the superior olivary nuclei in situ in the brainstem of the cat. MSO=medial superior olive; LSO= lateral superior olive; TB = trapezoid body; MNTB = medial nucleus of the trapezoid body; DMPO = dorsomedial periolivary nucleus.

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Page 4: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Basic information to be learned about each major nucleus in the superior olive. One can approach almost any part of the brain in this manner.

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Page 5: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Neurons (left) and axons (right) in Golgi stain.

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Page 6: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

There are high degrees of specialization in the anatomy of the superior olive. Species like man and mouse are extremely specialized for low frequency and high frequency hearing, respectively, and this influences the size of the nuclei in the superior olive.

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Page 7: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

The first circuit is that of the MSO

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Page 8: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 9: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

MSO cells use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. Note VGLUT2 expression.VGLUT1, VGLUT2, VIAAT are vesicular transporter proteins that load neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles.

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Page 10: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Few MSO cells express both VGLUT1 and 2

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Page 11: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency bias since frequencies above 13 kHz are not represented (in the cat). Spherical bushy cells from the AVCN provide excitatory inputs. Axons tend to run along the length of the laminae.MNTB and VNTB provide inhibitory inputs. 

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Page 12: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 13: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Postulated “delay lines” in MSO used for coding ITD. This interpretation is now controversial and alternative mechanisms are proposed. See Alan Palmer next week. 

MSO neurons respond with excitation when inputs from the two sides converge. This is a peak response.

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Page 14: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Peak responses can be from low frequency tones or the envelope of a high frequency sound.

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Page 15: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 16: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

LSO circuit. Note that LSO projects to both sides of the brain. Inputs come from sphericalbushy cells and from globular bushy cells that communicate via the MNTB

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Page 17: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

LSO has a mix of neurons both glutamatergic and glycinergic.

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Page 18: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

In the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Largest axonal ending in the mammalian brain. 

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Page 19: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 20: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Bushy cells on the ipsilateral side excite the LSO and MNTB cells driven by the globular bushy cell on the contralateral side inhibits the LSO

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Page 21: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Convergence in the LSO produces a reduced response, a trough.

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Page 22: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 23: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 24: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

LSO neurons are driven when the sound is louder in the ipsilateral ear and suppressed when the sound is louder in the contralateral ear. MNTB cells are not ILD sensitive, that means that when they are driven by the contralateral ear, the activity in the ipsilateral ear has no effect.

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Page 25: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 26: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 27: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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Page 28: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

VIAAT predominates in the periolivary nucleus especially in the medial ones.

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Page 29: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Inputs are from one side. Lateral to MSO inputs are from the ipsilateral ventral cochlear nucleus. Medial nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral side, mostly VCN.

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Page 30: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Example of SPON circuitry from Saldana and Berrebi. 

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Page 31: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

Important inputs to some periolivary nuclei come from higher levels of the auditory system especially the midbrain. 

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Page 32: Superior olive anatomy-2013 - UConn Health€¦ · MSO cells form layers that are tonotopically organized. Low frequency dorsal and high frequency ventral. There is a low frequency

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