Use of Digital Data and ICT Systems to Improve Resilience of the Transport System to Future Climate Extremes

Supervised by

Dr Susan Grant-Muller Dr Riccardo Mogre

Rawia EL Rashidy

Outline

Motivation

Project objectives

Current project stage

Definition of resilience

ITS role

Project challenges

Conclusions

Source: Institute of Highway Engineer

Heat waves damaged 80km rural roads, estimated cost £2M (2006)

Additional £0.5M 2008/10 for highway drainage work (2007)

Additional salting cost of £0.5Mpa,carriageway damage £1M to £5M (2009-2010)

Project objectives• To develop a definition for network resilience and identify

its characteristics.• Quantify and develop a reliable indicator framework for

measuring resilience of transport network.• To investigate the role of available and future ITS

technologies in enhancing resilience of transport network under unexpected climate change related event.

• To apply the developed indicator framework to one or more regional case studies to examine the role ITS can play in enhancing the resilience of transport network under unexpected climate change related event.

Current StageDefine network

resilience

Stability Index

ITS ITS role

ModellingTransport,

Land-use, ITS

Resilience Framework

What do we mean by resilience?

.

The amount of interruption that can be mitigated before the need to restructure the system or the ability of the system to deal with unexpected events without losing its characteristics.1-4

The property of the system which gives the ability to recoup with system complication and sustain its functionality under expected or unexpected event. 5

Avoidance Mitigation

Responding stage

Recovery

•Set of policies.•Implementation of new technologies .

•Design.•Demand decreasing.

•Functionality,•Recovery time,•External sources.

•Severity of the event,•Collaboration.

The dynamic ability of the system to avoid, mitigate, respond and recover from disruption and maintain its functionality as in normal

conditions

Resilience Indicator

Total vehicle hours

travelled

Total vehicle miles

travelled

Time delay

Recovery time

Link’s function Event

frequency

Link’s flow/capacity ratio

SI during the eventSI pre-event

SI recovery stage

Resilience Characteristics(6)

Redundancy The ability of the system to offer several ways (path).

Diversity The availability of different modes that cover certain area.

Resourcefulness The capability to detect the problem, set precedence resources and activate sources

Autonomy The independence of each system to operate

Adaptability The ability of the system to readjust its elements, processes or management arrangement to suit changes in serviceable requirement.

Resilience Characteristics

Vulnerability The degree to which the system is “susceptible” or “sensitive” to threats or hazards that can lead to significant effect on road network performance.

Mobility The ability of people and goods to move from origin to destination with acceptable level of transport service

Strength the capability of the system to resist the disruption. It also refers to robustness which evaluates the ability of all elements of the system to bear up to a certain level of disruption without losing its effective performance

Resilience of Transport system

Mansouri et al. 2009Nair et al 2010

Chialastri and Pozzi 2008

Berche et al.2009

ITS

RTIS

DRGS

VSM

VSL

IVS

ACC

ISA

NVS

Travel Time

Safe Road

CO2

Emissions

Journey time reliability

Travel Mode

Route choice

Delay Reduction

Fuel consumption

ITS

Strategies TacticsTools and

Technology

Study

CasesImpact

ATMFour Lane

Variable

Mandatory

AMI; AMS; PTZ

cameras; CCTV;

MIDAS; SACS;

HADECS

cameras; VDL

ATM on M42

between J3a

and J7

Reduced

congestion

Improved journey

time reliability

Increased capacity

Reduced

emissions

Reduced incidents

RWM

Road weather

controlled

variable speed

limits

RWIS; TIC, DMS

Four years

field trial in

Sweden

Decrease of

fatalities and

severity accidents

Information

Dissemination

DMS, HAR,

Internet.

HA website

HAR

Informed traveller

Network

efficiency

Strategies TacticsTools and

Technology

Study

Cases Impact

Motorways access control

TM RMTM at 30

sites

Reliable Journey

time;

Traffic speed;

Traffic flow.

ITM RM, MJTSCRITM at J-33

of the M1

Journey time;

Traffic flow.

Road PricingElectronic toll

collectionM6 Toll Relieve congestion

Crash prevention

Accident

detectionMIDAS M25 (j6-j8)

Safe road

Reliable Journey

time

Modelling

Activity based Model

Travel demand models

land use Model

Macroscopic models

Trip generation

Trip distribution

Model choice

Trip assignment

Microscopic models

Mesoscopicmodels

Project Challenges

Multidisciplinary: combines three different topics: designing indicator framework, ITS and resilience.

Reliable indicator framework and resilience are newly introduced terminologies in the UK transport system.

There is a lack of evaluation of ITS effects on environment, low carbon future and network resilience.

CONCLUSIONS

There is no common resilience definition in transport context.

Main characteristics of resilience were identified.

The revolution in ITS technologies results in progress in RTI monitoring and dissemination.

In addition to proposed clean fuel technologies, low carbon future could be achieved through active traffic management and traffic smoothing techniques.

• Although, many ITS have been already implemented for many years, there is a lack of evaluation of their effect on environment, low carbon future and network resilience. Therefore, more independent investigations of each ITS technology are welcomed to give a fair assessment of the technology effectiveness and drawbacks.

CONCLUSIONS (CONT.)

REFERENCES1. Holling, C. S. (2001),” Understanding the complexity of economic,

ecological, and social systems”, Ecosystems, Vol. 4, pp390-405.2. Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Anderies, J.M., Abel, N.,(2001),” From

Metaphor to Measurement: Resilience of What to What?”, Ecosystems 4, pp.765–781

3. Gunderson, L. H., and C. S. Holling, editors. (2002). “Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems.” Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

4. Hollnage, E., Woods D. D., Leveson, N.,(2006), ”Resilience engineering : concept and Precepts”, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, UK, 393 pages.

5. Peeta, S, Salman, F.S., Gunnec, D., Smith, R.H., Viswanath, K.,(2010),” Pre-disaster investment decisions for strengthening a highway network”, Computers and Operations Research archive, Vol. 37, Issue 10, pp.1708-1719.

REFERENCES (CONT.)

5. Berche, B., Ferber, C.V., Holovatch, T., and Holovatch, Y., (2009), “Resilience of public transport networks against attacks”, The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 71, pp.125–137.

6. Chialastri, A. and Pozzi, S., (2008),”Resilience in the Aviation System”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, Vol. 5219, pp. 86-98.

7. Murray-Tuite, P.M. (2006), “A comparison of transportation network resilience under simulated system optimum and user equilibrium conditions”, Winter Simulation Conference, Proceedings of the 38th conference on winter simulation, Monterey, California, pp 1398 – 1405

Thanks

QuestionsFeedback

Suggestions