supporting information effector enhanced enantioselective hydroformylation · 2019. 11. 8. · s1...
TRANSCRIPT
S1
Supporting Information
Effector enhanced enantioselective hydroformylation
Shao-Tao Baia Alexander M Kluwerb and and Joost N H Reekab
a Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis Van lsquot Hoff Institute for
Molecular Sciences (HIMS) University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH
Amsterdam The Netherlands Email jnhreekuvanl
b InCatT BV Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical CommunicationsThis journal is copy The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019
S2
Table of Contents
General Information S3
Synthesis of DIM-ligands L1-3 S3
The effectors used in this study S12
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction S18
Hydroformylation results S19
S3
General Information
All reactions involving air- or moisture sensitive materials were carried out under nitrogen
atmosphere using standard Schlenk techniques or in Glove-box THF pentane hexane and
toluene were distilled from sodium-benzophenone under nitrogen atmosphere
dichloromethane methanol were distilled from CaH2 under nitrogen atmosphere triethylamine
was distilled from KOH pellets under nitrogen Toluene-d8 CD2Cl2 and NN-
diisopropylethylamine were dried over molecular sieves (3Aring) and degassed by three freeze-
pump-thaw cycles 1H NMR 13C NMR 31P NMR 1H31P NMR experiments were performed
on Bruker AMX 300 MHz Bruker AMX 400 MHz or Bruker AMX 500 MHz 1H NMR
chemical shifts are given in ppm and were calibrated by using the residual solvent as internal
reference (CHCl3 726 ppm CH2Cl2 532 ppm) 13C NMR chemical shifts were reported in ppm
with the solvent peaks used as internal reference (CHCl3 7716 ppm CH2Cl2 5384 ppm) Mass
spectra were collected on an AccuTOF GC v 4g JMS-T100GCV Mass spectrometer (JEOL
Japan) If not stated otherwise syngas referred to a 11 mixture of H2 and CO and the pressure
refers to a sum pressure of both All reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers and
used without further purification unless otherwise noted
Synthesis of DIM-ligands L1-3
Scheme S1 Synthesis of Ligand L11) C2H5CHO CH3CO2H reflux 2 hours 2) C2H5CHO
conc HCl reflux 2 hours 3) 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH RT 4) 4-
(Diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid 4-pyrrolidinopyridine 4-Dimethylaminopyridine NNrsquo-
diisopropylcarbodiimide DCM RT
S4
11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure1 A mixture of 2-
nitrophenylhydrazine moistened with 30 water as received from Sigma Aldrich (60 g 038
mol 10 eq) propionaldehyde (50 mL 070 mol 18 eq) acetic acid (20 mL 003 mol 009
eq) and ethanol (05 L) was refluxed for 2 hours After completion (monitored by TLC) the
volatiles were removed under vacuum The yellow solid residue was carefully suspended in
concentrated aqueous HCl (35-37 06 L) by sonication for 1 hour (in the fume hood) After
adding 100 mL ethanol into the mixture the suspension was carefully () warmed up to 100 oC
while vigorously stirring Propionaldehyde (45 mL 063 mol 17 eq) was added dropwise via
a syringe controlled by an injection pump while the heating was continued for 1 hour After
cooling down the reaction mixture was poured into a beaker containing water (1 L) and CHCl3
(300 mL) The reaction mixture was carefully neutralized with Na2CO3 until pH 7 (careful)
After phase separation the water phase was extracted with CHCl3 (2x800 mL) The combined
organic phase was dried over MgSO4 filtrated and evaporated The oil like black residue was
dissolved in hot 12-dichloroethane (50 mL) and slowly cooled down The solid was filtered
off washed thoroughly with hexane until almost all the black impurities were removed (be
patient) and then with a small amount DCM or cold methanol yielding 50 of the desired
compound L1-1 as orange crystals identical to the literature1
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 962 (s 2H indole-NH) 809 (d J = 81 Hz 2H) 784 (d J =
77 Hz 2H) 718 (t J = 79 Hz 2H) 452 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 240 ndash 249 (m 8H
ArCH3 and CHCH2CH3) 107 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
1-Bis-(4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (ParaDIMPhos (L1))
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure2 11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1) (121 g 308 mmol 10 eq) was suspended in
methanolTHF (11 50 mL) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (039 g) The reaction
S5
mixture was vigorously stirred under 1 bar of H2 atmosphere with a balloon The progress of
the reaction was monitored by TLC and after completion (about 2 hours) the catalyst was
filtered off The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used in the
subsequent reaction without further purification To a solution of the crude diamine (3000 mg
11 mmol 1 eq) 4-(Diphenylphospino)benzoic acid (7660 mg 24 mmol 22 eq) 4-
Dimethylaminopyridine (690 mg 06 mmol 05 eq) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (688 mg 05
mmol 04 eq) in dichloromethane (20 ml) NNrsquo-diisopropylcarbodiimide (14 ml 88 mmol
80 eq) was added slowly while stirring at 0 oC under N2 and the mixture was then stirred
overnight The precipitate was filtered off the solvent was evaporated and the solid residue
was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100 g) with a hexanedichloromethane
(13) mixture to pure dichloromethane as an eluent Then dissolve the product with a minimum
amount of dichloromethane and add pentanehexane slowly until precipitation appears
followed by crystallization under -20 oC overnight After quickly filtration pure compound
was obtained Yield 91 yellow powder Identical to the literature2
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 942 (s 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 2H amide-NH) 762 (d J
= 79 Hz 4H) 743 ndash 726 (m 22H) 722 (t J = 74 Hz 4H) 702 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 694 (d
J = 76 Hz 2H) 448 (t J = 82 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 230 (s 6H aryl-Me) 216 (t J = 76
Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
13C NMR (126 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16594 13632 13443 13437 13427 13422 13378
13364 13210 12978 12920 12915 12804 12771 12766 12238 11930 11615
11406 10820 3688 2794 1260 886
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ -562
S6
Scheme S2 Synthesis of the DIMphosphite L2 and L3 a 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH
b 3-benzyloxybenzoyl chloride TEA DCM RT c 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH d (S)-
binol-PCl or Diphenyl-PCl THF -78 oC to RT
Bis-(3-(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2a)
S7
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 11-Bis-(-3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)propane (10 g 25 mmol) was suspended in
methanoltetrahydrofuran (11 15 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (02
g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously stirred under
1 bar of hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(DCMMethanol 101) and after completion (~2 hours) the catalyst was filtered off
over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used
in the subsequent reaction without further purification
To the solution of the crude diamine (25 mmol) and triethylamine (50 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 ml) a solution of 3-(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride (16 g 65 mmol)
in dichloromethane (10 ml) was slowly added while stirring and the mixture was
allowed to continue stirring overnight After completion (TLC pentane ethyl acetate
21) the solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by chromatography
with pentaneethyl acetate (31) to dichloromethanemethanol (201) as the eluent The
product was then dissolved in a minimum amount of chloromethanemethanol and
followed by the addition of hexane to precipitate the compounds which was filtrated
through filter and washed with hexane to obtain pure compound L2a Identical to the
literature3
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 951 (s 2H indole-NH) 815 (s 2H amide-NH) 740
ndash 731 (m 16H) 724 ndash 714 (m 1H) 703 (t J = 68 Hz 5H) 694 (d J = 74 Hz 2H)
503 ndash 489 (m 4H Bn-CH2) 450 ndash 442 (m 1H CHCH2CH3) 231 (s 6H aryl-CH3)
223 ndash 214 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S2
Table of Contents
General Information S3
Synthesis of DIM-ligands L1-3 S3
The effectors used in this study S12
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction S18
Hydroformylation results S19
S3
General Information
All reactions involving air- or moisture sensitive materials were carried out under nitrogen
atmosphere using standard Schlenk techniques or in Glove-box THF pentane hexane and
toluene were distilled from sodium-benzophenone under nitrogen atmosphere
dichloromethane methanol were distilled from CaH2 under nitrogen atmosphere triethylamine
was distilled from KOH pellets under nitrogen Toluene-d8 CD2Cl2 and NN-
diisopropylethylamine were dried over molecular sieves (3Aring) and degassed by three freeze-
pump-thaw cycles 1H NMR 13C NMR 31P NMR 1H31P NMR experiments were performed
on Bruker AMX 300 MHz Bruker AMX 400 MHz or Bruker AMX 500 MHz 1H NMR
chemical shifts are given in ppm and were calibrated by using the residual solvent as internal
reference (CHCl3 726 ppm CH2Cl2 532 ppm) 13C NMR chemical shifts were reported in ppm
with the solvent peaks used as internal reference (CHCl3 7716 ppm CH2Cl2 5384 ppm) Mass
spectra were collected on an AccuTOF GC v 4g JMS-T100GCV Mass spectrometer (JEOL
Japan) If not stated otherwise syngas referred to a 11 mixture of H2 and CO and the pressure
refers to a sum pressure of both All reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers and
used without further purification unless otherwise noted
Synthesis of DIM-ligands L1-3
Scheme S1 Synthesis of Ligand L11) C2H5CHO CH3CO2H reflux 2 hours 2) C2H5CHO
conc HCl reflux 2 hours 3) 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH RT 4) 4-
(Diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid 4-pyrrolidinopyridine 4-Dimethylaminopyridine NNrsquo-
diisopropylcarbodiimide DCM RT
S4
11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure1 A mixture of 2-
nitrophenylhydrazine moistened with 30 water as received from Sigma Aldrich (60 g 038
mol 10 eq) propionaldehyde (50 mL 070 mol 18 eq) acetic acid (20 mL 003 mol 009
eq) and ethanol (05 L) was refluxed for 2 hours After completion (monitored by TLC) the
volatiles were removed under vacuum The yellow solid residue was carefully suspended in
concentrated aqueous HCl (35-37 06 L) by sonication for 1 hour (in the fume hood) After
adding 100 mL ethanol into the mixture the suspension was carefully () warmed up to 100 oC
while vigorously stirring Propionaldehyde (45 mL 063 mol 17 eq) was added dropwise via
a syringe controlled by an injection pump while the heating was continued for 1 hour After
cooling down the reaction mixture was poured into a beaker containing water (1 L) and CHCl3
(300 mL) The reaction mixture was carefully neutralized with Na2CO3 until pH 7 (careful)
After phase separation the water phase was extracted with CHCl3 (2x800 mL) The combined
organic phase was dried over MgSO4 filtrated and evaporated The oil like black residue was
dissolved in hot 12-dichloroethane (50 mL) and slowly cooled down The solid was filtered
off washed thoroughly with hexane until almost all the black impurities were removed (be
patient) and then with a small amount DCM or cold methanol yielding 50 of the desired
compound L1-1 as orange crystals identical to the literature1
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 962 (s 2H indole-NH) 809 (d J = 81 Hz 2H) 784 (d J =
77 Hz 2H) 718 (t J = 79 Hz 2H) 452 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 240 ndash 249 (m 8H
ArCH3 and CHCH2CH3) 107 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
1-Bis-(4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (ParaDIMPhos (L1))
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure2 11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1) (121 g 308 mmol 10 eq) was suspended in
methanolTHF (11 50 mL) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (039 g) The reaction
S5
mixture was vigorously stirred under 1 bar of H2 atmosphere with a balloon The progress of
the reaction was monitored by TLC and after completion (about 2 hours) the catalyst was
filtered off The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used in the
subsequent reaction without further purification To a solution of the crude diamine (3000 mg
11 mmol 1 eq) 4-(Diphenylphospino)benzoic acid (7660 mg 24 mmol 22 eq) 4-
Dimethylaminopyridine (690 mg 06 mmol 05 eq) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (688 mg 05
mmol 04 eq) in dichloromethane (20 ml) NNrsquo-diisopropylcarbodiimide (14 ml 88 mmol
80 eq) was added slowly while stirring at 0 oC under N2 and the mixture was then stirred
overnight The precipitate was filtered off the solvent was evaporated and the solid residue
was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100 g) with a hexanedichloromethane
(13) mixture to pure dichloromethane as an eluent Then dissolve the product with a minimum
amount of dichloromethane and add pentanehexane slowly until precipitation appears
followed by crystallization under -20 oC overnight After quickly filtration pure compound
was obtained Yield 91 yellow powder Identical to the literature2
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 942 (s 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 2H amide-NH) 762 (d J
= 79 Hz 4H) 743 ndash 726 (m 22H) 722 (t J = 74 Hz 4H) 702 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 694 (d
J = 76 Hz 2H) 448 (t J = 82 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 230 (s 6H aryl-Me) 216 (t J = 76
Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
13C NMR (126 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16594 13632 13443 13437 13427 13422 13378
13364 13210 12978 12920 12915 12804 12771 12766 12238 11930 11615
11406 10820 3688 2794 1260 886
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ -562
S6
Scheme S2 Synthesis of the DIMphosphite L2 and L3 a 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH
b 3-benzyloxybenzoyl chloride TEA DCM RT c 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH d (S)-
binol-PCl or Diphenyl-PCl THF -78 oC to RT
Bis-(3-(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2a)
S7
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 11-Bis-(-3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)propane (10 g 25 mmol) was suspended in
methanoltetrahydrofuran (11 15 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (02
g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously stirred under
1 bar of hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(DCMMethanol 101) and after completion (~2 hours) the catalyst was filtered off
over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used
in the subsequent reaction without further purification
To the solution of the crude diamine (25 mmol) and triethylamine (50 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 ml) a solution of 3-(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride (16 g 65 mmol)
in dichloromethane (10 ml) was slowly added while stirring and the mixture was
allowed to continue stirring overnight After completion (TLC pentane ethyl acetate
21) the solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by chromatography
with pentaneethyl acetate (31) to dichloromethanemethanol (201) as the eluent The
product was then dissolved in a minimum amount of chloromethanemethanol and
followed by the addition of hexane to precipitate the compounds which was filtrated
through filter and washed with hexane to obtain pure compound L2a Identical to the
literature3
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 951 (s 2H indole-NH) 815 (s 2H amide-NH) 740
ndash 731 (m 16H) 724 ndash 714 (m 1H) 703 (t J = 68 Hz 5H) 694 (d J = 74 Hz 2H)
503 ndash 489 (m 4H Bn-CH2) 450 ndash 442 (m 1H CHCH2CH3) 231 (s 6H aryl-CH3)
223 ndash 214 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S3
General Information
All reactions involving air- or moisture sensitive materials were carried out under nitrogen
atmosphere using standard Schlenk techniques or in Glove-box THF pentane hexane and
toluene were distilled from sodium-benzophenone under nitrogen atmosphere
dichloromethane methanol were distilled from CaH2 under nitrogen atmosphere triethylamine
was distilled from KOH pellets under nitrogen Toluene-d8 CD2Cl2 and NN-
diisopropylethylamine were dried over molecular sieves (3Aring) and degassed by three freeze-
pump-thaw cycles 1H NMR 13C NMR 31P NMR 1H31P NMR experiments were performed
on Bruker AMX 300 MHz Bruker AMX 400 MHz or Bruker AMX 500 MHz 1H NMR
chemical shifts are given in ppm and were calibrated by using the residual solvent as internal
reference (CHCl3 726 ppm CH2Cl2 532 ppm) 13C NMR chemical shifts were reported in ppm
with the solvent peaks used as internal reference (CHCl3 7716 ppm CH2Cl2 5384 ppm) Mass
spectra were collected on an AccuTOF GC v 4g JMS-T100GCV Mass spectrometer (JEOL
Japan) If not stated otherwise syngas referred to a 11 mixture of H2 and CO and the pressure
refers to a sum pressure of both All reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers and
used without further purification unless otherwise noted
Synthesis of DIM-ligands L1-3
Scheme S1 Synthesis of Ligand L11) C2H5CHO CH3CO2H reflux 2 hours 2) C2H5CHO
conc HCl reflux 2 hours 3) 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH RT 4) 4-
(Diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid 4-pyrrolidinopyridine 4-Dimethylaminopyridine NNrsquo-
diisopropylcarbodiimide DCM RT
S4
11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure1 A mixture of 2-
nitrophenylhydrazine moistened with 30 water as received from Sigma Aldrich (60 g 038
mol 10 eq) propionaldehyde (50 mL 070 mol 18 eq) acetic acid (20 mL 003 mol 009
eq) and ethanol (05 L) was refluxed for 2 hours After completion (monitored by TLC) the
volatiles were removed under vacuum The yellow solid residue was carefully suspended in
concentrated aqueous HCl (35-37 06 L) by sonication for 1 hour (in the fume hood) After
adding 100 mL ethanol into the mixture the suspension was carefully () warmed up to 100 oC
while vigorously stirring Propionaldehyde (45 mL 063 mol 17 eq) was added dropwise via
a syringe controlled by an injection pump while the heating was continued for 1 hour After
cooling down the reaction mixture was poured into a beaker containing water (1 L) and CHCl3
(300 mL) The reaction mixture was carefully neutralized with Na2CO3 until pH 7 (careful)
After phase separation the water phase was extracted with CHCl3 (2x800 mL) The combined
organic phase was dried over MgSO4 filtrated and evaporated The oil like black residue was
dissolved in hot 12-dichloroethane (50 mL) and slowly cooled down The solid was filtered
off washed thoroughly with hexane until almost all the black impurities were removed (be
patient) and then with a small amount DCM or cold methanol yielding 50 of the desired
compound L1-1 as orange crystals identical to the literature1
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 962 (s 2H indole-NH) 809 (d J = 81 Hz 2H) 784 (d J =
77 Hz 2H) 718 (t J = 79 Hz 2H) 452 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 240 ndash 249 (m 8H
ArCH3 and CHCH2CH3) 107 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
1-Bis-(4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (ParaDIMPhos (L1))
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure2 11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1) (121 g 308 mmol 10 eq) was suspended in
methanolTHF (11 50 mL) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (039 g) The reaction
S5
mixture was vigorously stirred under 1 bar of H2 atmosphere with a balloon The progress of
the reaction was monitored by TLC and after completion (about 2 hours) the catalyst was
filtered off The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used in the
subsequent reaction without further purification To a solution of the crude diamine (3000 mg
11 mmol 1 eq) 4-(Diphenylphospino)benzoic acid (7660 mg 24 mmol 22 eq) 4-
Dimethylaminopyridine (690 mg 06 mmol 05 eq) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (688 mg 05
mmol 04 eq) in dichloromethane (20 ml) NNrsquo-diisopropylcarbodiimide (14 ml 88 mmol
80 eq) was added slowly while stirring at 0 oC under N2 and the mixture was then stirred
overnight The precipitate was filtered off the solvent was evaporated and the solid residue
was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100 g) with a hexanedichloromethane
(13) mixture to pure dichloromethane as an eluent Then dissolve the product with a minimum
amount of dichloromethane and add pentanehexane slowly until precipitation appears
followed by crystallization under -20 oC overnight After quickly filtration pure compound
was obtained Yield 91 yellow powder Identical to the literature2
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 942 (s 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 2H amide-NH) 762 (d J
= 79 Hz 4H) 743 ndash 726 (m 22H) 722 (t J = 74 Hz 4H) 702 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 694 (d
J = 76 Hz 2H) 448 (t J = 82 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 230 (s 6H aryl-Me) 216 (t J = 76
Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
13C NMR (126 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16594 13632 13443 13437 13427 13422 13378
13364 13210 12978 12920 12915 12804 12771 12766 12238 11930 11615
11406 10820 3688 2794 1260 886
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ -562
S6
Scheme S2 Synthesis of the DIMphosphite L2 and L3 a 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH
b 3-benzyloxybenzoyl chloride TEA DCM RT c 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH d (S)-
binol-PCl or Diphenyl-PCl THF -78 oC to RT
Bis-(3-(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2a)
S7
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 11-Bis-(-3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)propane (10 g 25 mmol) was suspended in
methanoltetrahydrofuran (11 15 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (02
g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously stirred under
1 bar of hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(DCMMethanol 101) and after completion (~2 hours) the catalyst was filtered off
over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used
in the subsequent reaction without further purification
To the solution of the crude diamine (25 mmol) and triethylamine (50 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 ml) a solution of 3-(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride (16 g 65 mmol)
in dichloromethane (10 ml) was slowly added while stirring and the mixture was
allowed to continue stirring overnight After completion (TLC pentane ethyl acetate
21) the solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by chromatography
with pentaneethyl acetate (31) to dichloromethanemethanol (201) as the eluent The
product was then dissolved in a minimum amount of chloromethanemethanol and
followed by the addition of hexane to precipitate the compounds which was filtrated
through filter and washed with hexane to obtain pure compound L2a Identical to the
literature3
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 951 (s 2H indole-NH) 815 (s 2H amide-NH) 740
ndash 731 (m 16H) 724 ndash 714 (m 1H) 703 (t J = 68 Hz 5H) 694 (d J = 74 Hz 2H)
503 ndash 489 (m 4H Bn-CH2) 450 ndash 442 (m 1H CHCH2CH3) 231 (s 6H aryl-CH3)
223 ndash 214 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S4
11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure1 A mixture of 2-
nitrophenylhydrazine moistened with 30 water as received from Sigma Aldrich (60 g 038
mol 10 eq) propionaldehyde (50 mL 070 mol 18 eq) acetic acid (20 mL 003 mol 009
eq) and ethanol (05 L) was refluxed for 2 hours After completion (monitored by TLC) the
volatiles were removed under vacuum The yellow solid residue was carefully suspended in
concentrated aqueous HCl (35-37 06 L) by sonication for 1 hour (in the fume hood) After
adding 100 mL ethanol into the mixture the suspension was carefully () warmed up to 100 oC
while vigorously stirring Propionaldehyde (45 mL 063 mol 17 eq) was added dropwise via
a syringe controlled by an injection pump while the heating was continued for 1 hour After
cooling down the reaction mixture was poured into a beaker containing water (1 L) and CHCl3
(300 mL) The reaction mixture was carefully neutralized with Na2CO3 until pH 7 (careful)
After phase separation the water phase was extracted with CHCl3 (2x800 mL) The combined
organic phase was dried over MgSO4 filtrated and evaporated The oil like black residue was
dissolved in hot 12-dichloroethane (50 mL) and slowly cooled down The solid was filtered
off washed thoroughly with hexane until almost all the black impurities were removed (be
patient) and then with a small amount DCM or cold methanol yielding 50 of the desired
compound L1-1 as orange crystals identical to the literature1
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 962 (s 2H indole-NH) 809 (d J = 81 Hz 2H) 784 (d J =
77 Hz 2H) 718 (t J = 79 Hz 2H) 452 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 240 ndash 249 (m 8H
ArCH3 and CHCH2CH3) 107 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
1-Bis-(4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (ParaDIMPhos (L1))
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure2 11-Bis-(3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L1-1) (121 g 308 mmol 10 eq) was suspended in
methanolTHF (11 50 mL) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (039 g) The reaction
S5
mixture was vigorously stirred under 1 bar of H2 atmosphere with a balloon The progress of
the reaction was monitored by TLC and after completion (about 2 hours) the catalyst was
filtered off The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used in the
subsequent reaction without further purification To a solution of the crude diamine (3000 mg
11 mmol 1 eq) 4-(Diphenylphospino)benzoic acid (7660 mg 24 mmol 22 eq) 4-
Dimethylaminopyridine (690 mg 06 mmol 05 eq) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (688 mg 05
mmol 04 eq) in dichloromethane (20 ml) NNrsquo-diisopropylcarbodiimide (14 ml 88 mmol
80 eq) was added slowly while stirring at 0 oC under N2 and the mixture was then stirred
overnight The precipitate was filtered off the solvent was evaporated and the solid residue
was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100 g) with a hexanedichloromethane
(13) mixture to pure dichloromethane as an eluent Then dissolve the product with a minimum
amount of dichloromethane and add pentanehexane slowly until precipitation appears
followed by crystallization under -20 oC overnight After quickly filtration pure compound
was obtained Yield 91 yellow powder Identical to the literature2
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 942 (s 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 2H amide-NH) 762 (d J
= 79 Hz 4H) 743 ndash 726 (m 22H) 722 (t J = 74 Hz 4H) 702 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 694 (d
J = 76 Hz 2H) 448 (t J = 82 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 230 (s 6H aryl-Me) 216 (t J = 76
Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
13C NMR (126 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16594 13632 13443 13437 13427 13422 13378
13364 13210 12978 12920 12915 12804 12771 12766 12238 11930 11615
11406 10820 3688 2794 1260 886
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ -562
S6
Scheme S2 Synthesis of the DIMphosphite L2 and L3 a 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH
b 3-benzyloxybenzoyl chloride TEA DCM RT c 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH d (S)-
binol-PCl or Diphenyl-PCl THF -78 oC to RT
Bis-(3-(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2a)
S7
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 11-Bis-(-3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)propane (10 g 25 mmol) was suspended in
methanoltetrahydrofuran (11 15 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (02
g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously stirred under
1 bar of hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(DCMMethanol 101) and after completion (~2 hours) the catalyst was filtered off
over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used
in the subsequent reaction without further purification
To the solution of the crude diamine (25 mmol) and triethylamine (50 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 ml) a solution of 3-(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride (16 g 65 mmol)
in dichloromethane (10 ml) was slowly added while stirring and the mixture was
allowed to continue stirring overnight After completion (TLC pentane ethyl acetate
21) the solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by chromatography
with pentaneethyl acetate (31) to dichloromethanemethanol (201) as the eluent The
product was then dissolved in a minimum amount of chloromethanemethanol and
followed by the addition of hexane to precipitate the compounds which was filtrated
through filter and washed with hexane to obtain pure compound L2a Identical to the
literature3
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 951 (s 2H indole-NH) 815 (s 2H amide-NH) 740
ndash 731 (m 16H) 724 ndash 714 (m 1H) 703 (t J = 68 Hz 5H) 694 (d J = 74 Hz 2H)
503 ndash 489 (m 4H Bn-CH2) 450 ndash 442 (m 1H CHCH2CH3) 231 (s 6H aryl-CH3)
223 ndash 214 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S5
mixture was vigorously stirred under 1 bar of H2 atmosphere with a balloon The progress of
the reaction was monitored by TLC and after completion (about 2 hours) the catalyst was
filtered off The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used in the
subsequent reaction without further purification To a solution of the crude diamine (3000 mg
11 mmol 1 eq) 4-(Diphenylphospino)benzoic acid (7660 mg 24 mmol 22 eq) 4-
Dimethylaminopyridine (690 mg 06 mmol 05 eq) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (688 mg 05
mmol 04 eq) in dichloromethane (20 ml) NNrsquo-diisopropylcarbodiimide (14 ml 88 mmol
80 eq) was added slowly while stirring at 0 oC under N2 and the mixture was then stirred
overnight The precipitate was filtered off the solvent was evaporated and the solid residue
was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100 g) with a hexanedichloromethane
(13) mixture to pure dichloromethane as an eluent Then dissolve the product with a minimum
amount of dichloromethane and add pentanehexane slowly until precipitation appears
followed by crystallization under -20 oC overnight After quickly filtration pure compound
was obtained Yield 91 yellow powder Identical to the literature2
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 942 (s 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 2H amide-NH) 762 (d J
= 79 Hz 4H) 743 ndash 726 (m 22H) 722 (t J = 74 Hz 4H) 702 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 694 (d
J = 76 Hz 2H) 448 (t J = 82 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 230 (s 6H aryl-Me) 216 (t J = 76
Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
13C NMR (126 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16594 13632 13443 13437 13427 13422 13378
13364 13210 12978 12920 12915 12804 12771 12766 12238 11930 11615
11406 10820 3688 2794 1260 886
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ -562
S6
Scheme S2 Synthesis of the DIMphosphite L2 and L3 a 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH
b 3-benzyloxybenzoyl chloride TEA DCM RT c 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH d (S)-
binol-PCl or Diphenyl-PCl THF -78 oC to RT
Bis-(3-(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2a)
S7
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 11-Bis-(-3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)propane (10 g 25 mmol) was suspended in
methanoltetrahydrofuran (11 15 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (02
g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously stirred under
1 bar of hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(DCMMethanol 101) and after completion (~2 hours) the catalyst was filtered off
over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used
in the subsequent reaction without further purification
To the solution of the crude diamine (25 mmol) and triethylamine (50 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 ml) a solution of 3-(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride (16 g 65 mmol)
in dichloromethane (10 ml) was slowly added while stirring and the mixture was
allowed to continue stirring overnight After completion (TLC pentane ethyl acetate
21) the solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by chromatography
with pentaneethyl acetate (31) to dichloromethanemethanol (201) as the eluent The
product was then dissolved in a minimum amount of chloromethanemethanol and
followed by the addition of hexane to precipitate the compounds which was filtrated
through filter and washed with hexane to obtain pure compound L2a Identical to the
literature3
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 951 (s 2H indole-NH) 815 (s 2H amide-NH) 740
ndash 731 (m 16H) 724 ndash 714 (m 1H) 703 (t J = 68 Hz 5H) 694 (d J = 74 Hz 2H)
503 ndash 489 (m 4H Bn-CH2) 450 ndash 442 (m 1H CHCH2CH3) 231 (s 6H aryl-CH3)
223 ndash 214 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S6
Scheme S2 Synthesis of the DIMphosphite L2 and L3 a 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH
b 3-benzyloxybenzoyl chloride TEA DCM RT c 1 bar H2 PdC THFMeOH d (S)-
binol-PCl or Diphenyl-PCl THF -78 oC to RT
Bis-(3-(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2a)
S7
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 11-Bis-(-3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)propane (10 g 25 mmol) was suspended in
methanoltetrahydrofuran (11 15 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (02
g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously stirred under
1 bar of hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(DCMMethanol 101) and after completion (~2 hours) the catalyst was filtered off
over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used
in the subsequent reaction without further purification
To the solution of the crude diamine (25 mmol) and triethylamine (50 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 ml) a solution of 3-(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride (16 g 65 mmol)
in dichloromethane (10 ml) was slowly added while stirring and the mixture was
allowed to continue stirring overnight After completion (TLC pentane ethyl acetate
21) the solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by chromatography
with pentaneethyl acetate (31) to dichloromethanemethanol (201) as the eluent The
product was then dissolved in a minimum amount of chloromethanemethanol and
followed by the addition of hexane to precipitate the compounds which was filtrated
through filter and washed with hexane to obtain pure compound L2a Identical to the
literature3
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 951 (s 2H indole-NH) 815 (s 2H amide-NH) 740
ndash 731 (m 16H) 724 ndash 714 (m 1H) 703 (t J = 68 Hz 5H) 694 (d J = 74 Hz 2H)
503 ndash 489 (m 4H Bn-CH2) 450 ndash 442 (m 1H CHCH2CH3) 231 (s 6H aryl-CH3)
223 ndash 214 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S7
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 11-Bis-(-3-methyl-7-
nitro-1H-indol-2-yl)propane (10 g 25 mmol) was suspended in
methanoltetrahydrofuran (11 15 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal was added (02
g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously stirred under
1 bar of hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(DCMMethanol 101) and after completion (~2 hours) the catalyst was filtered off
over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the crude diamine was immediately used
in the subsequent reaction without further purification
To the solution of the crude diamine (25 mmol) and triethylamine (50 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 ml) a solution of 3-(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride (16 g 65 mmol)
in dichloromethane (10 ml) was slowly added while stirring and the mixture was
allowed to continue stirring overnight After completion (TLC pentane ethyl acetate
21) the solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by chromatography
with pentaneethyl acetate (31) to dichloromethanemethanol (201) as the eluent The
product was then dissolved in a minimum amount of chloromethanemethanol and
followed by the addition of hexane to precipitate the compounds which was filtrated
through filter and washed with hexane to obtain pure compound L2a Identical to the
literature3
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 951 (s 2H indole-NH) 815 (s 2H amide-NH) 740
ndash 731 (m 16H) 724 ndash 714 (m 1H) 703 (t J = 68 Hz 5H) 694 (d J = 74 Hz 2H)
503 ndash 489 (m 4H Bn-CH2) 450 ndash 442 (m 1H CHCH2CH3) 231 (s 6H aryl-CH3)
223 ndash 214 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S8
1-Bis-(3-(hydroxyl)benzoamide of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-
propane (L2b)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure3 Bis-(3-
(benzyloxy)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2a)
(123 g 16 mmol) was suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 10 palladium on charcoal
was added (03 g) The reaction mixture was flushed with hydrogen and then vigorously
stirred under 1 bar hydrogen with a balloon The progress of the reaction was monitored
by TLC (DCMMethanol 101) and after overnight reaction the catalyst was filtered
off over Celite The solvent was evaporated and the pure product was obtained by
crystallization with dichloromethane and hexane Identical to the literature3
1H NMR (500 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 743 ndash 732 (m 6H) 730 ndash 721 (m 4H) 700 (q
J = 80 Hz 4H) 453 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 235 ndash 217 (m 8H aryl-CH3 amp
CHCH2CH3) 099 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
48-Di-tert-butyl-6-chloro-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepine
(Diphenyl-PCl)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with 33-di-tert-
butyl-55-dimethoxy-[11-biphenyl]-22-diol (1 eq 1878 mg 052 mmol) followed
by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was
added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 078 mmol)
and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol) was added dropwise After stirring under
-78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and
stirred for another 45 min After completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were
evaporated under vacuum and further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The
product was formed quantitatively and used directly
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S9
(Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-
yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 1500 mg 026 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times
Then 5 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78
oC Diphenyl-PCl (20 eq 052 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 uL 156 mmol)
in THF was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction mixture
was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 45 min After
completion (monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and
further co-evaporated with dry toluene three times The reaction mixture was evaporated
and to the solid residue THF (5 ml) was added The suspension was filtered through a
plug of celite which was subsequently washed with THF (10 ml) The combined organic
fractions were concentrated hexane (10 ml) was added followed by evaporation of all
volatiles to dryness The product was formed quantitatively without further purification
1H NMR (500 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 982 (s 2H indole-NH) 834 (s 2H amide-NH) 760
ndash 750 (m 2H) 735 (dd J = 65 23 Hz 2H) 725 ndash 722 (m 3H) 719 ndash 715 (m 3H)
707 ndash 695 (m 8H) 675 ndash 673 (m 4H) 449 (t J = 80 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 379 ndash
378 (m 12H) 232 (s 6H indole-Me) 223 (p J = 76 Hz 2H CHCH2CH3) 187 ndash
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S10
177 (m 2H) 147 (d J = 20 Hz 6H OMe) 144 (s 18H) 142 (s 18H) 100 (t J =
76 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
31P NMR (202 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 13934
13C NMR (101 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 16523 15650 15264 (d J = 62 Hz) 14306 (m)
14145 (d J = 59 Hz) 13838 13658 (d J = 342 Hz) 13402 (m) 13215 13038
12937 12843 (d J = 271 Hz) 12564 12388 (d J = 79 Hz) 12338 12239 11976
(d J = 76 Hz) 11920 11614 11529 11485 11414 11336 10800 5599 4618
3574 3124 (m) 3085 2599 1265 890
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C79H86N4O12P2 [M]+ 13445717 found 13445774
(S)-11rsquo-Binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphorochloridate (S)-binol-PCl
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with (S)-binol (1
eq 187 g 52 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Dried
and degassed THF (20 ml) was then added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
PCl3 (15 eq 691 uL 78 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 221 mL 156 mmol) was
added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 30 min the reaction mixture was slowly
warmed up to room temperature and stirred for another 60 min After completion
(monitored by 31P NMR) the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum and further co-
evaporated with dry toluene three times The product was formed quantitatively as white
solid and used directly without further purification
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S11
(Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
A flamed dried Schlenk flask with a Teflon stirring bar was charged with bis-(3-
(hydroxyl)benzoamide) of 11-bis-(-7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane L2b (1
eq 115 g 20 mmol) followed by co-evaporation with dry toluene three times Then
25 ml dried and degassed THF was added into the flask To this solution under -78 oC
(S)-binol-PCl (20 eq 140 g 40 mmol) and triethylamine (30 eq 084 mL 60 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise After stirring under -78 oC for 15 min the reaction
mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and stirred for overnight The
reaction mixture was evaporated and to the solid residue THF (40 ml) was added The
suspension was filtered through a plug of celite which was subsequently washed with
THF (40 ml) The combined organic fractions were concentrated hexane (30 ml) was
added followed by evaporation of all volatiles to dryness yielding 258g (95) of
L3middotTHFmiddotC6H14 NOTE Ligand L3 is sensitive to moisture and thus should be stored in
inert conditions at low temperatures preferably
1H NMR (400 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 950 (m 2H indole-NH) 821 (s 1H amide-NH) 816
(s 1H amide-NH) 807 ndash 781 (m 8H) 762 ndash 714 (m 26H) 699 (t J = 77 Hz 1H)
694 ndash 677 (m 3H) 449 (d J = 79 Hz 1H CHCH2CH3) 233 (s 3H aryl-Me) 232
(s 3H aryl-Me) 226 ndash 206 (m 2H CHCH2CH3) 100 (t J = 73 Hz 3H CHCH2CH3)
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S12
31P NMR (162 MHz CD2Cl2) δ 14408 14397
13C NMR (100MHz CD2Cl2) δ = 16524 (m) 15229 (m) 14784 (d J = 46 Hz)
14722 (m) 13674 13638 (d J = 80 Hz) 13319 13287 13236 13224 13174 (m)
13111 13050 (m) 12885 (d J = 81 Hz) 12827 (d J = 30 Hz) 12721 12708 (d J
= 30 Hz) 12690 (d J = 65 Hz) 12573 (d J = 171 Hz) 12455 (m) 12405 (d J =
81 Hz) 12375 (d J = 85 Hz) 12346 (d J = 111 Hz) 12321 (m) 12217 12197
11992 (m) 11973 (d J = 75 Hz) 11930 (d J = 40 Hz) 11815 11641 11410 (d J
= 160 Hz) 10825 (d J = 44 Hz) 3686 2599 1261 889
HR MS (FD+(eiFi)+) calcd for C75H54N4O8P2 [M]+ 120034169 found 120033967
The effectors used in this study
Scheme S3 Effectors purchased from commercial source
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S13
Scheme S4 Effectors prepared except 27 purchased from commercial sources
L-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 200 mg 170 mmol) was dissolved in 025 M NaHCO3 solution
(80 mL) followed by adding the isothiocyanate (1 eq 022 mL 17 mmol) The mixture
was heated at 80 oC for 3 hours and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC
(petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the reaction mixture was cooling
down and acidified to pH 2 with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) The products were extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x100 mL) The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 The pure
product was obtained as white powder with 50 yield after crystallization Identical to
the literature4
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S14
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 750 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 738 (d J = 86 Hz 1H
thiourea-NH) 484 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 208 (m 1H Hb) 142 (s 9H tert-
butyl-Me) 088 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
D-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (1S) was prepared following the same
procedures for 1R
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1255 (s 1H COOH) 749 (s 1H thiourea-NH)
737 (d J = 86 Hz 1H thiourea-NH) 483 (dd J = 86 46 Hz 1H Ha) 209 ndash 205
(m 1H Hb) 141 (s 9H tert-butyl) 088 -086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
13C NMR (126 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 18182 17342 6030 5227 3057 2889 1887
1812
HRMS (FD+(eiFi)) calcd for C10H20N2O2S1 [M]+ 2321245 found 2321201
L-N-formyl-Valine (24)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (03 g 25 mmol) formic acid (952 g 113 mmol) and acetic acid
anhydride (1 g 98 mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and the reaction was
stirred for 4 hours at room temperature Afterwards all the volatiles were removed under
vacuum and the crude product was purified by recrystallization to give while power
identical to literature4
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S15
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 841 (s 1H formyl-H) 798
(d J = 8 Hz 1H amide-NH) 411 (dd J = 8 Hz J = 6 Hz 1H Ha) 202 (m 1H Hb)
087 (dd J = 1 Hz J = 7 Hz 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure5 A round bottom flask
equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with distilled water and NaHCO3
The resulting reaction mixtures was cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (300 mg 256 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred until
homogeneous The flask was equipped with an addition funnel The corresponding
trimethylacetyl chloride which was prepared from the corresponding pivalic acid in
14-dioxane (4 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir
at room temperature overnight Next the reaction was extracted with Et2O (2x20 mL)
to remove the impurities The aqueous layer was again cooled to 0 oC in an ice bath and
1M HCl was added until pH 3 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 mL)
The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and
concentrated under vacuum to give the product as white powder Identical to the
literature5
1H NMR (400 MHz CDCl3) δ 970 (s 1H COOH) 624 (d J = 85 Hz 1H amide-
NH) 456 (dd J = 85 47 Hz 1H Ha) 223 (m 1H Hb) 122 (s 9H tert-butyl-Me)
106 ndash 093 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S16
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (26a)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (10 g 762 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (100 mL) and the
isocyanate was added The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was
monitored by TLC (petroleum etherethyl acetate 11) After completion the solvents
were removed under vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in DCM (80 mL)
washed with 1M HCl (3x80 mL) dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as
white powder with 96 yield Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 604 (d J = 88 Hz 1H urea-NH) 594 (s 1H urea-
NH) 403 (dd J = 88 53 Hz 1H Ha) 362 (s 3H OMe) 209 ndash 183 (m 1H Hb)
120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 083 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 To a solution of L-
(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine methyl ester (1 eq 074 g 322 mmol) in
methanolTHFwater (111 30 mL) mixture was added LiOHH2O (1 eq 135 mg 322
mmol) After overnight stirring at room temperature the resulting reaction mixtures was
partially concentrated under vacuum followed by the addition of water (20 mL) The
mixture was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 4 and then the product was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3x30 mL) The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL)
dried over MgSO4 The pure product was obtained as white powder with 80 yield
Identical to the literature4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) δ 1241 (s 1H COOH) 591 (s 1H urea-NH) 587
(d J = 91 Hz 1H urea-NH) 399 (dd J = 89 48 Hz 1H Ha) 199 ndash 188 (m 1H
Hb) 120 (s 9H tert-butyl) 085 - 081 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S17
L-(Adamantylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (28)
The compound was prepared as follow based on reported procedure4 L-Valine methyl ester
hydrochloride (1 eq 05 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 025 M NaHCO3(aq)
solution (50 ml) and methanol (50 ml) adamantyl isothiocyanate (083 g 43 mmol)
was added and the reaction was heated at 80degC for 3 hours After cooling down the
methanol was removed under vacuum and the reaction was acidified with 1 M HCl to
reach pH = 2 The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml) The combined
organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under vacuum
The crude product was dissolved in a small amount of hot DCM precipitated with
hexane and filtered off providing 04510 g (34) of pure product Identical to the
literature 4
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1256 (bs 1H COOH) 740 (d J= 8 Hz 1H thiourea-
NH) 736 (s 1H thiourea-NH) 477 (dd J= 3 Hz J= 8Hz 1H Ha) 215 (m 6H) 208
(m 1H Hb) 202 (m 3H) 161 (m 6H) 086 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
L-(n-butylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (29) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1034 (bs 1H COOH) 415 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha)
367 (m 2H) 208 (m 1H Hb) 152 (m 2H) 127 (m 2H) 094 - 081 (m 6H
isopropyl-Me) 088 (t J= 7 Hz 3H)
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S18
L-(phenylthiocarbamoyl)-N-valine (30) was prepared following the same procedures
for 28
1H NMR (400 MHz DMSO-d6) 1059 (bs 1H COOH) 748 (dd J = 7 Hz J = 7 Hz
2H) 743 (d J = 7 Hz 1H) 723 (d J = 7 Hz 2H) 433 (d J= 3 Hz 1H Ha) 219 (m
1H Hb) 104 - 091 (m 6H isopropyl-Me)
General procedures for the hydroformylation reaction
General procedures A stock solution for the hydroformylation experiments was
prepared by charging a flame-dried Schlenk flask with Rh(acac)(CO)2 ligand effectors
and NN-diisopropylethylamine (if stated) internal standard (135-trimethoxylbenzene)
and dried and degassed toluene with standard Schlenk technique or in the Glove-Box
The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then the 15 mL reaction vials (pre-dried in
oven overnight) equipped with mini Teflon stir bars were charged with proper amount
of substrates followed by the addition of a proper amount of catalyst stock solution in
the Glove-Box The vials were placed in a stainless steel autoclave (250 mL) charged
with an insert suitable for 15 reaction vials for conducting parallel reactions The
autoclave was closed properly and then purged three times with 30 of bar syngas
followed by pressurized at 40 bar of syngas The reaction mixtures were stirred at the
appropriate temperature for the required reaction time Thereafter the pressure was
released and the yield regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were determined by 1H
NMR analysis and GC or HPLC analysis For NMR analysis usually 100 uL reaction
mixture were diluted with a proper amount of CDCl3 For GC analysis usually 50 uL
reaction mixture was dilute to 1 mL with dichloromethane and injected to GC for
measurements with beta DEX 225 column For HPLC analysis usually 30 uL reaction
mixture was evaporated under vacuum and re-dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and n-
heptane and then injected to HPLC for measurements
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S19
For vinyl acetate vinyl benzoate and vinyl pivalate the enantiomeric ratio was
analyzed by Chiral GC (Supelcorsquos Beta Dex 225)
Hydroformylation of vinyl acetate Initial temperature = 100 oC for 10 min then 4
oCmin to 140 oC then 40 oCmin to 200 oC Retention time tR(R) = 4022 min and tR
(S)= 5277 min6
Hydroformylation of vinyl benzoate Initial temperature= 135 oC for 22 min then 20
oCmin to 220 oC Retention time tR(R) = 14687 min and tR(S) = 15340 min67
Hydroformylation of vinyl pivalate Initial temperature= 77 oC for 22 min then 40
oCmin to 220 oC for 5 min Retention time tR(R)= 11561 min and tR(S)= 1201 min 6
For N-vinyl phthalimide the enantiomeric ratio was analyzed by HPLC (Chiralcel OJ-
H 3 iPrOHn-heptane 08 mLmin λ=220 nm) Retention time tR(major) = 303 min
tR(minor) = 323 min8
Hydroformylation results
Table S1 Evaluation of the effector in succeed groups in the hydroformylation of vinyl
acetatea
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S20
entry Effector Conv ee bl
1 2 R1R2 = OMe H 72 17(R) gt99
2 3 R1R2 = HBoc 88 43(R) gt99
3 4 R1R2 = HAc 97 60(R) gt99
4 5 R1R2 = HCbz 93 58(R) gt99
5 6 R1R2 = HFmoc 96 57(R) gt99
6 7 R1R2 = HBoc 89 50(R) gt99
7 8 R1R2 = HFmoc 75 41(R) gt99
8 9 R1R2 = MeFmoc 76 54(R) gt99
9 10 R1R2 = H3-
indolyacetyl 55 26(R) gt99
10 11 R1R2 = HCbz 89 49(R) gt99
11 12 R1R2 = HAc 94 62(R) gt99
12 13 R1R2 = HBoc 95 51(R) gt99
13 14 R1R2 = MeBoc 77 30(R) gt99
14 15 R = Boc 92 49(R) gt99
15 16 R = Fmoc 99 49(R) gt99
16 17 R = Cbz 93 54(R) gt99
17 18 R = Boc 95 40(R) gt99
18 19 R = Fmoc 95 51(R) gt99
19 20 R = Ac 87 47(R) gt99
20 21 R = Boc 80 29(R) gt99
21 22 R = H 99 23(R) gt99
22 23 R = Fmoc 99 53(R) gt99
aConditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M vinyl acetate 10 mol effector 8
mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours Conversion and
regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by GC analysis
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S21
Table S2 Evaluation of mixtures of effectors of subgroups in the hydroformylation of
vinyl acetate a
entry Sub Effectors Conv ee bl
1 vinylacetate G1(2-6) 80 45(R) gt99
2 vinylacetate G2(7-12) 80 42(R) gt99
3 vinylacetate G3(13-17) 95 51(R) gt99
4 vinylacetate G4(18-23) 95 52(R) gt99
5 vinylacetate G5(31-35) 99 55(R) gt99
6 vinylacetate G6(36-40) 63 34(R) gt99
7 vinylacetate G7(41-44) 75 24(R) gt99
8 vinylacetate G8(45-49) 79 35(R) gt99
9 vinylacetate no 100 1 27
Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M Vinylacetate 2 mol of per
effector 10 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was
determined by GC analysis
Scheme S5 Application of various modified effectors in [Rh][L3] catalyzed asymmetric
hydroformylation Conditions 05 Cat [Rh(acac)(CO)2]L = 113 02 M substrate 10 mol
effector 8 mol DIPEA 1 ml toluene as the solvent 40 bar syngas 40 oC 96 hours
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S22
Conversion and regioselectivity were determined by 1H NMR analysis ee was determined by
GC and HPLC analysis b Performed at room temperature with 120 hours of reaction time
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S23
Spectra
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S2 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S24
Figure S3 13P NMR spectrum of (Bis-3-((48-Di-tert-butyl-210-
dimethoxydibenzo[df][132]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxyl)benzoamide of 11-bis-(7-amino-3-
methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L2)
Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S25
Figure S5 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl
phosphito)benzoamide) of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S26
Figure S7 31P NMR spectrum of (Bis-(3-((S)-11rsquo-binaphthyl-22-diyl phosphito)benzoamide)
of 11-Bis-(7-amino-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-propane (L3)
Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of L-N-trimethylacetyl-Valine (25)
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S27
Figure S9 1H NMR spectrum of L-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-N-valine (26)
Figure S10 1H NMR spectrum of effector 1S
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S28
Figure S11 1H-1H COSY NMR spectrum of effector 1S
Figure S12 13C NMR spectrum of effector 1S
References
1 P Dydio D Lichosyt T Zieliński and J Jurczak Chem Eur J 2012 18
13686ndash13701
2 P Dydio R J Detz and J N H Reek J Am Chem Soc 2013 135 10817ndash
10828
3 P Dydio R J Detz B de Bruin and J N H H Reek J Am Chem Soc
2014 136 8418ndash8429
4 P Dydio C Rubay T Gadzikwa M Lutz and J N H Reek J Am Chem
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029
S29
Soc 2011 133 17176ndash17179
5 K M Engle D H Wang and J Q Yu J Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14137ndash
14151
6 X Zhang B Cao Y Yan S Yu B Ji and X Zhang Chem Eur J 2010
16 871ndash877
7 K C Miles M L Abrams C R Landis and S S Stahl Org Lett 2016 18
3590ndash3593
8 R I McDonald G W Wong R P Neupane S S Stahl and C R Landis J
Am Chem Soc 2010 132 14027ndash14029