- S1 -

Supporting Information

High performance asymmetrical push-pull small molecules end-capped cyanophenyl with

narrow band gap for solution-processed solar cells

Hang Gao,a Yanqin Li,a Lihui Wang, a Changyan Ji, a Yue Wang, b Wenjing Tian, b Xichuan Yang, a and Lunxiang Yin*a

Received (in XXX, XXX) Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX, Accepted Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XXDOI: 10.1039/b000000x

a School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. Fax: 86-411-84986040; Tel: 86-411-84986040; E-mail: lxyin@dlut.edu.cnb State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Table of Contents1. Measurement, Characterization and Calculation S2

2. Synthesis S2-S5

3. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra S6-S8

4. PV device fabrication and hole mobility measurement S9

5. UV-vis absorption spectra of TPATDPP and TPATDPPCN in CHCl3

and the molar extinction coefficient S9

6. IPCE spectra S9

7. XRD patterns S10

8. AFM images S10

9. References S10

Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014

- S2 -

1. Measurement, Characterization and Calculation1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE II 400 MHz spectrometer using CDCl3 as the solvent and TMS as

the internal standard. The high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were collected using a MALDI Micro MX

spectrometer. DFT calculations were accomplished by Gaussian 09 software at the Becke’s three-parameter

gradient-corrected functional (B3LYP) with a polarized 6-31G(d) basis1. UV-vis spectral data were recorded on an

Agilent Cary 5000 spectrophotometer at room temperature in chloroform solution and in thin film. Cyclic

voltammetry (CV) was carried out on a CHI 610D electrochemical workstation from CH Instruments, Inc. The

redox properties of two molecules were measured in Bu4NBF4/dichloromethane solutions under a nitrogen

atmosphere. The glass-carbon electrode served as the working electrode, and an Ag/Ag+ electrode (Ag in 0.1 M

AgNO3 solution of MeCN) and platinum wire were chosen as the reference electrode and the count electrode,

respectively. A ferrocene–ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+) couple was used as the internal standard. The electrochemical

HOMOcv, LUMOcv and band gaps (Egcv) of the two materials were calculated from onset oxidation potentials and

onset reduction potentials of CV curves according to the following equations1, where the unit of potential is

relative to Ag/Ag+, and E = 0.05 eV. ferrocene2/1

HOMO/LUMOcv = - (EOx/Red - E + 4.8) eVferrocene2/1

Egcv = HOMOcv - LUMOcv

The current density-voltage (J-V) curves were recorded using a computer-controlled Keithley 2400 Source

Measure Unit under AM 1.5 G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW cm-2, whereas the J-V curves of hole-only

devices with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/SMDs:PC61BM/Au were measured with Keithley 2400 Source

Measure Unit in the dark. The series resistance (RS) and shunt resistance (RSh) of devices were obtained from the

slope of J-V curves at Voc and Jsc, respectively. The monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion

efficiency (IPCE) spectra were carried out using a SM-25 photoelectric conversion analyzer system. Atomic force

microscopy (AFM) images of blend films based on SMDs:PC61BM (1:2, w/w) were recorded on Nanoscope IIIa

Dimension 3100. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) data of the two materials were collected on D/MAX-2400 X-

ray Diffractometer.

2. Synthesis

2.1 Reagent and Materials

All reagents were obtained commercially and used as received unless specified. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and

toluene were distilled over Na/benzophenone under nitrogen prior to use. All reactions and manipulations were

carried out under nitrogen atmosphere with a standard Schlenk technique.

- S3 -

2.2 Synthetic procedures

N NISCHCl3, AcOH

N I

Si

I Br

Pd(PPh3)4, CuI

toluene, i-Pr2NHN Br

CuI, TEA, THF

Pd(PPh3)2Cl2

SCN

H3CO OCH3

O

ONa, FeCl3

t-armyl alcohol

S

HN

NH

S

O

O

R-Br, K2CO3

DMF

SN

NS

O

O

R

R

NBSCHCl3

SN

NS

O

O

R

R

Br

S-3 80% S-4 81% 3 65%

N BO

O

Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3 (aq)

toluene, EtOH

BNCOH

OHS

N

NS

O

O

R

R4 94%

CNNBSCHCl3

SN

NS

O

O

R

R5 98%

CN

Br

R = n-C8H17

B BO

O O

O

Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, PPh3

AcOK, toluene

N

S-1 91% S-2 85%

1 93% 2 80%

3

5+2

TPATDPP

TPATDPPCN

Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3 (aq)

toluene, EtOH

(i)

K2CO3, CH3OH, THF(ii)

89%

92%

Scheme S1 Synthetic route for TPATDPP and TPATDPPCN.

4-Iodo-N,N-diphenylaniline (S-1)1d, 1e, 2 Triphenylamine (4.90 g, 20 mmol) and NIS (4.50 g, 20 mmol) were

dissolved in 60 mL CHCl3 and 60 mL glacial AcOH, then the mixture was stirred at room temperature without

light for 12 h. The mixture was washed with water and aqueous Na2S2O3, respectively. After the combined organic

layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the organic solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford

colorless oily liquid. The crude product was washed with little petroleum ether to give a white powder S-1 (6.75 g,

91%). M.p.: 102-104 °C; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 7.50 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H),

7.08-7.02 (m, 6H), 6.82 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H).

4-Ethynyl-N, N-diphenylaniline (S-2)1d, 1e, 2

(i) A mixture of compound S-1 (3.71 g, 10 mmol), trimethylsilylacetylene (1.55 mL, 1.08 g, 11 mmol),

Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (176 mg, 0.25 mmol), CuI (96 mg, 0.5 mmol), 40 mL triethylamine and 40 mL THF was refluxed at

70 °C under N2 atmosphere overnight. After being cooled to the room temperature, the mixture was poured into

300 mL water and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 40 mL) and

the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The organic solvent was evaporated under

reduced pressure to provide a yellow oily liquid.

(ii) The above product was dissolved in 40 mL THF and 40 mL methanol, then K2CO3 (3.04 g, 22 mmol) was

added to the solution. Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After filtration, the organic solvent

was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by silica column chromatography eluting

with petroleum ether/CH2Cl2 (30:1, v:v) to provide a white solid S-2 (2.29 g, 85%). M.p.: 102-103 °C. 1H-NMR

(400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 7.33 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 4H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.4

Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (s, 1H).

N-{4-[2-(4-Bromophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl}-diphenylamine (1)1d, 1e, 2 A mixture of compound S-2 (0.54 g, 2.0

- S4 -

mmol), 4-bromoiodobenzene (0.59 g, 2.1 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (116 mg, 0.1 mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.1 mmol), 5 mL

diisopropylamine and 16 mL toluene was stirred at room temperature under N2 atmosphere overnight. Then the

reaction mixture was poured into 100 mL water and aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 30 mL). The

combined organic phase was washed with aqueous NH4Cl, brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The organic

solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by silica column chromatography

eluting with petroleum ether/CH2Cl2 (10:1, v:v) to provide a white powder 1 (789 mg, 93%). M.p.: 159-160 C.

1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 7.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.29 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H),

7.12 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H).

N-{4-{2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl}ethynylphenyl}-diphenylamine (2)1d, 1e A

mixture of compound 1 (0.85 g, 2.0 mmol), bis(pinacolato) -diborane (0.56 g, 2.2 mmol), Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (70 mg, 0.1

mmol), PPh3 (53 mg, 0.2 mmol) and KOAc (0.78 g, 8.0 mmol) in 20 mL toluene was refluxed at 110 °C under N2

atmosphere for 24 h. After being cooled to the room temperature, the mixture was poured into 100 mL water and

the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 20 mL) and the combined

organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. After the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure,

the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatograph eluting with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (20:1,

v:v) to provide a white solid 2 (0.75 g, 80%). M.p.: 160-163 C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 7.77 (d, J =

8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H),

7.06 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (s, 12H).

3,6-Dithiophen-2-yl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (S-3)1c, 1e, 3

A mixture of sodium (2.20 g, 96 mmol), FeCl3 (0.1 g) and 48 mL dry tert-amyl alcohol was stirring at 120 °C

under N2 atmosphere until the sodium disappeared completely. Then 2-carbonitrile thiophene (5.28 g, 48 mmol)

was added to the mixture solution. A solution of succinic acid dimethyl ester (2.80 g, 19.2 mmol) in 20 mL dry

tert-amyl alcohol was added dropwise. After stirring at 120 °C for 24 h, 20 mL AcOH was added and kept stirring

for another 1 hour. After cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was filtered, then washed with hot water and

hot methanol to afford a red solid compound S-3 (4.61 g, 80 %).

3,6-Dithien-2-yl-2,5-dioctylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (S-4)1c, 1e A mixture of compound S-3 (1.5 g, 5

mmol), K2CO3 (2.07 g, 15 mmol) and 50 mL anhydrous DMF was stirring at 60 °C under N2 for 1 hour. Then 1-

bromooctane (2.9 g, 15 mmol) was added to the mixture solution and kept stirring for 18 h. After cooling to room

temperature, the mixture was poured into 500 mL water. The suspension was obtained by suction filtration. The

crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatograph eluting with CH2Cl2 to afford a purple-brown solid

S-4 (2.13 g, 81%). M.p.: 139-143 °C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 8.47 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (d, J =

4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 4H), 1.75-1.67 (m, 4H), 1.44-1.20 (m, 20H), 0.88-0.84 (m, 6H).

3-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (3)1c Compound

S-4 (0.53 g, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 40 mL CHCl3 and a solution of NBS (0.19 g, 1.05 mmol) in 30 mL CHCl3

was added dropwise to the solution. Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was

removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatograph eluting

with petroleum ether/CHCl3 (1:2, v:v) to afford a purple solid 3 (391 mg, 65%). M.p.: 152-154 °C. 1H NMR (400

MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 8.94 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.67 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (t, J = 4.4

Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.08-3.97 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.27 (m, 20H), 0.89-0.86 (m, 6H).

4-{5-[2,5-dioctyl-3,6-dioxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-1-yl]thiophen-2-

yl}benzonitrile (4) A mixture of compound 3 (0.60 g, 1 mmol), p-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (0.15 mg, 1 mmol),

Pd(PPh3)4 (58 mg, 0.05 mmol), Na2CO3 (1.06 g, 10 mmol), 20 mL toluene, 5 mL H2O and 2.5 mL EtOH was

stirred at 110 °C under N2 atmosphere for 12 h. After being cooled to the room temperature, the solution was

poured into 200 mL water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over

- S5 -

anhydrous Na2SO4. The organic solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified

by silica gel column eluting with petroleum ether/CH2Cl2 (2:1, v:v) to afford a red solid 4 (0.59 g, 94%). M.p.:

185-187 °C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 8.97 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.90 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J =

8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H),

4.12-4.06 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.18 (m, 20H), 0.87-0.83 (m, 6H).

4-{5-[4-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-1-

yl]thiophen-2-yl}benzonitrile (5) Compound 4 (0.63 g, 1 mmol) was dissolved in 40 mL CHCl3 and a solution of

NBS (0.18 g, 1 mmol) in 30 mL CHCl3 was added dropwise to the solution. Then the mixture was stirred at room

temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by

silica gel column chromatograph eluting with CH2Cl2 to provide a dark red solid 5 (0.69 g, 98%). M.p.: 205-207

°C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ 8.92 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.69 (m, 4H), 7.55

(d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.01(t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.77-1.68 (m, 4H),

1.44-1.27 (m, 20H), 0.88-0.84 (m, 6H).

3-(5-(4-((4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-6-(thiophen-2-

yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (TPATDPP) A mixture of compound 2 (0.21 g, 0.45 mmol), compound 3

(0.24 g, 0.4 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (46 mg, 0.04 mmol), Na2CO3 (0.42 g, 4.0 mmol), 10 mL toluene, 2 mL H2O and 1

mL EtOH was stirred at 110 °C under N2 atmosphere for 12 h. After being cooled to the room temperature, the

solution was poured into 100 mL water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic layers were

dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was

purified by silica gel column chromatograph eluting with petroleum ether/CH2Cl2 (1:1, v:v) to provide a dark red

solid TPATDPP (0.31 g, 89%). Mp.: 214-216 °C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 8.98 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H),

8.94 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (m, 3H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H),

7.31-7.26 (m, 5H), 7.13 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 4H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.4Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.12-4.05 (m, 4H),

1.78-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.27 (m, 20H), 0.89-0.85 (m, 6H). 13C-NMR (400MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 161.35, 161.22,

149.06, 148.16, 147.13, 139.63, 136.75, 135.25, 132.60, 132.36, 132.08, 130.59, 129.85, 129.43, 129.15, 129.08,

128.61, 125.87, 125.08, 124.88, 124.12, 123.67, 122.14, 115.66, 107.97, 107.89, 91.88, 88.43, 42.29, 31.80, 29.99,

29.22, 26.92, 22.64, 14.11. MALDI-TOF HRMS: 868.3917 [M+H+] (calcd for C56H58N3O2S2: 868.3970).

4-(5-{4-[5-(4-{[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]ethynyl}phenyl)thiophen-2-yl]-2,5-dioctyl-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-

tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-1-yl}thiophen-2-yl)benzonitrile (TPATDPPCN) A mixture of compound 2

(0.21 g, 0.45 mmol), compound 5 (0.28 g, 0.4 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (46 mg, 0.04 mmol), Na2CO3 (0.42 g, 4.0 mmol),

10 mL distilled toluene, 2 mL H2O and 1 mL EtOH was stirred at 110 °C under N2 atmosphere for 12 h. After

being cooled to the room temperature, the solution was poured into 100 mL water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 ×

20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the organic solvent was removed

under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatograph eluting with

petroleum ether/CH2Cl2 (1:2, v:v) to provide a dark red solid TPATDPPCN (356 mg, 92%). M.P.: 237-239 °C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 9.02 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.92 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H),

7.69 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.55-7.53 (m, 3H), 7.49 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.37 (m, 4H),

7.31-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.02-7.00 (m, 2H), 4.11-4.10 (m, 4H), 1.79-1.74 (m, 4H),

1.46-1.28 (m, 20H), 0.88-0.85 (m, 6H). 13C-NMR (400MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ161.37, 161.08, 149.65, 148.25,

147.15, 146.31, 140.24, 138.32, 137.35, 137.25, 136.09, 132.90, 132.63, 132.26, 132.12, 130.95, 129.45, 129.22,

128.95, 126.36, 125.91, 125.13, 124.97, 124.37, 123.72, 122.13, 118.49, 115.62, 111.82, 109.00, 108.11, 92.07,

88.39, 42.34, 31.81, 30.06, 30.02, 29.21, 26.94, 22.63, 14.08. MALDI-TOF HRMS: 968.4143 [M+] (calcd for

C63H60N4O2S2: 968.4158).

- S6 -

3. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra

ppm 1.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0

7.47

7.45

7.36

7.34

7.29

7.27

7.25

7.12

7.10

7.08

7.06

7.04

7.01

6.99

2.034.064.163.962.002.00

ppm 7.007.107.207.307.407.50

7.47

7.45

7.36

7.34

7.29

7.27

7.25

7.12

7.10

7.08

7.06

7.04

7.01

6.99

2.03

4.06

4.16

3.96

2.00

2.00

N Br

Fig. S1 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 1.

ppm 2.03.04.05.06.07.08.0

7.78

7.76

7.51

7.49

7.38

7.36

7.29

7.27

7.25

7.12

7.10

7.08

7.06

7.04

7.01

6.99

1.35

1.00

1.031.07

2.081.071.01

2.02

6.03

ppm 6.907.007.107.207.307.407.507.607.707.80

7.78

7.76

7.51

7.49

7.38

7.36

7.29

7.27

7.25

7.12

7.10

7.08

7.06

7.04

7.01

6.99

1.00

1.03

1.07

2.08

1.07

1.01

2.02

N BO

O

Fig. S2 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 2.

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

8.94

8.93

8.68

8.66

7.66

7.65

7.30

7.28

7.27

7.26

7.24

7.23

4.08

4.06

4.04

4.01

3.99

3.97

1.75

1.73

1.72

1.70

1.56

1.43

1.41

1.39

1.38

1.31

1.27

0.89

0.88

0.87

0.86

1.001.03

1.02

3.34

4.35

4.42

20.88

5.88

SN

NS

O

O

n-C8H17

n-C8H17

Br

Fig. S3 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 3.

- S7 -

ppm 1.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

8.97

8.96

8.91

8.90

7.79

7.76

7.72

7.70

7.68

7.66

7.57

7.56

7.31

7.30

7.29

7.26

4.12

4.10

4.08

4.06

1.77

1.75

1.74

1.45

1.43

1.36

1.36

1.34

1.33

1.32

1.31

1.29

1.27

1.26

1.18

0.87

0.86

0.86

2.133.931.06

1.19

4.22

4.08

2.14

20.80

6.05

ppm 7.207.307.407.507.607.707.80

7.79

7.76

7.72

7.70

7.68

7.66

7.57

7.56

7.31

7.30

7.29

7.26

2.13

1.06

1.19

2.111.14

CDCl3

CDCl3

NCS N

N S

n-C8H17

n-C8H17

O

O

Fig. S4 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 4.

ppm (t1) 1.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0

8.92

8.91

8.72

8.71

7.77

7.75

7.71

7.69

7.55

7.54

7.27

7.24

7.23

5.30

4.10

4.08

4.06

4.01

3.99

3.97

1.77

1.76

1.74

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.44

1.42

1.40

1.35

1.33

1.31

1.30

1.27

0.88

0.86

0.85

1.01

1.03

2.082.06

2.002.03

4.31

4.17

6.01

16.64

1.05

0.95

CH2Cl2

ppm (t1) 7.207.307.407.507.607.707.80

7.77

7.75

7.71

7.69

7.55

7.54

7.27

7.24

7.23

1.03

2.08

2.06

0.95

CH2Cl2

BrS N

N S CN

O

O

n-C8H17

n-C8H17

Fig. S5 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 5.

ppm 1.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

8.98

8.97

8.94

8.93

7.65

7.63

7.62

7.54

7.52

7.49

7.48

7.40

7.38

7.31

7.29

7.27

7.26

7.14

7.13

7.11

7.09

7.07

7.06

7.03

7.00

4.12

4.10

4.09

4.09

4.07

4.05

1.78

1.76

1.76

1.75

1.74

1.45

1.43

1.42

1.36

1.35

1.33

1.32

1.31

1.29

1.27

1.27

0.88

0.87

0.87

0.86

0.85

2.00

2.921.970.941.975.064.172.112.00

4.11

4.06

4.09

6.23

16.39

ppm 7.007.107.207.307.407.507.60

7.65

7.63

7.62

7.54

7.52

7.49

7.48

7.40

7.38

7.31

7.29

7.27

7.26

7.14

7.13

7.11

7.09

7.07

7.06

7.03

7.00

2.92

1.97

0.94

1.97

5.06

4.17

2.11

2.00

N SN

NS

n-C8H17

n-C8H17

O

O

Fig. S6 1H-NMR spectrum of TPATDPP.

- S8 -

ppm 102030405060708090100110120130140150160

161.

3616

1.22

149.

0614

8.16

147.

13

139.

6313

6.76

135.

2513

2.61

132.

3713

2.09

130.

5912

9.86

129.

4412

9.15

129.

0912

8.62

125.

8712

5.09

124.

8812

4.13

123.

6812

2.15

115.

6610

7.97

107.

9091

.88

88.4

3

42.2

9

31.8

029

.99

29.2

226

.92

22.6

5

14.1

2

ppm (t1) 122.5125.0127.5130.0132.5

132.

6113

2.37

132.

0913

0.59

129.

8612

9.44

129.

1512

9.09

128.

62

125.

8712

5.09

124.

8812

4.13

123.

6812

2.15

N SN

NS

n-C8H17

n-C8H17

O

O

Fig. S7 13C-NMR spectrum of TPATDPP.

1.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.0

9.02

9.01

8.92

8.91

7.76

7.74

7.70

7.68

7.65

7.63

7.55

7.55

7.54

7.51

7.49

7.48

7.39

7.37

7.37

7.31

7.29

7.27

7.26

7.14

7.12

7.10

7.08

7.06

7.02

7.01

7.00

4.11

4.10

4.10

1.79

1.78

1.74

1.46

1.45

1.37

1.36

1.36

1.35

1.34

1.33

1.28

1.28

0.88

0.87

0.87

0.85

0.85

2.042.952.153.091.021.974.204.042.072.09

4.15

4.34

2.19

6.13

19.71

6.907.007.107.207.307.407.507.607.70

7.76

7.74

7.70

7.68

7.65

7.63

7.55

7.55

7.54

7.51

7.49

7.48

7.39

7.37

7.37

7.31

7.29

7.27

7.26

7.14

7.12

7.10

7.08

7.06

7.02

7.01

7.00

2.04

2.95

2.15

3.09

1.02

1.97

4.20

4.04

2.07

2.09

NS N

N S CN

O

O

n-C8H17

n-C8H17

Fig. S8 1H-NMR spectrum of TPATDPPCN.

ppm 0102030405060708090100110120130140150160

161.

3816

1.09

149.

6614

8.25

147.

1614

6.31

140.

2413

8.33

137.

3613

7.25

136.

1013

2.90

132.

6313

2.27

132.

12

130.

9512

9.45

129.

2212

8.95

126.

3712

5.92

125.

1412

4.98

124.

3712

3.73

122.

13

118.

4911

5.63

111.

8210

9.01

108.

1292

.08

88.3

9

42.3

5

31.8

130

.07

30.0

229

.21

26.9

422

.64

14.0

9

1.03

0.00

125.0130.0135.0140.0

140.

24

138.

33

137.

3613

7.25

136.

10

132.

9013

2.63

132.

2713

2.12

130.

9512

9.45

129.

2212

8.95

126.

3712

5.92

125.

1412

4.98

124.

37

123.

7312

2.13

N SN

NS

C8H17

C8H17

O

O CN

Fig. S9 13C-NMR spectrum of TPATDPPCN.

- S9 -

4. PV device fabrication and hole mobility (μh) measurement

4.1 PV device fabrication

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) PV devices were fabricated by solution-processed spin-coating with a typical

configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/SMDs:PC61BM (1:2, w/w)/Al. Firstly, the ITO glass was pre-cleaned in water,

acetone, toluene and isopropyl alcohol for 10 min, respectively. Then a thin layer of poly(3,4-

ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS from Baytron P VP AI 4083) was spin-coated

(4000 rpm, 60 s) onto the ITO glass. After being baked at 140 °C for 15 minutes, the substrate was transferred into

a nitrogen-filled glove box. Subsequently, the active layer was spin-coated at 1500 rpm for 60 s with a blend

solution of SMDs and PC61BM (with the weight ratios of 1:2) on top of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS substrate. Finally, a

100 nm aluminium electrode was deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation (ca. 10-4 Pa) through a shadow mask,

yielding six individual devices with 0.05 cm2 nominal area.

4.2 Hole mobility (μh) measurement

In order to investigate the μh of the synthesized SMDs, J-V characteristics of the hole-only devices with a structure

of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/SMDs:PC61BM (1:2, w/w)/Au were fabricated and characterized in the dark. By fitting the J-

V curves in a double logarithmic scale to a space-charge-limited currents (SCLC) model according to the Mott–

Gurney law1d, 1e, 4, the hole mobility can be derived:

J = (9/8) εoεrμhV2/L3

where J is the current density, εo is the permittivity of free space, εr is the relative permittivity and assumed as

approximately 3.0, μh is the hole mobility, V is the effective voltage, and L is the thickness of the active layer.

5. UV-vis absorption spectra of TPATDPP and TPATDPPCN in CHCl3 and the molar extinction coefficient

Fig. S10 UV-vis absorption spectra of TPATDPP and TPATDPPCN in CHCl3 and the molar extinction

coefficient in different wavelength.

6. IPCE spectra

Fig. S11 The IPCE spectra of TPATDPP and TPATDPPCN.

- S10 -

7. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns

Fig. S12 XRD patterns of TPATDPP and TPATDPPCN.

8. AFM images

Fig. S13 AFM images of blended films based on TPATDPP:PC61BM (1:2, w/w) (a) and

TPATDPPCN:PC61BM(1:2, w/w) (b).

9. References

1 (a) S. Zeng, L. Yin, X. Jiang, Y. Li and K. Li, Dyes and Pigments, 2012, 95, 229; (b) S. Zeng, L. Yin, C. Ji, X. Jiang, K. Li, Y. Li and Y. Wang, Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 10627; (c) L. Zhang, S. Zeng, L. Yin, C. Ji,

K. Li, Y. Li and Y. Wang, New J. Chem., 2013, 37, 632; (d) L. Wang, L. Yin, C. Ji, Y. Zhang, H. Gao and Y.

Li, Organic Electronics, 2014, 15, 1138; (e) C. Ji, L. Yin, L. Wang, T. Jia, S. Meng, Y. Sun and Y. Li, J.

Mater. Chem. C, 2014, 2, 4019.

2 J.-K. Fang, D.-L. An, K. Wakamatsu, A. Orita and J. Otera, Tetrahedron Lett., 2010, 51, 917.

3 L. Deng, W. Wu, H. Guo, J. Zhao, S. Ji, X. Zhang, X. Yuan and C. Zhang, J. Org. Chem., 2011, 72, 9294.

4 (a) Z. Li, Q. Dong, Y. Li, B. Xu, M. Deng, J. Pei, J. Zhang, F. Chen, S. Wen, Y. Gao and W. Tian, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 2159; (b) J. A. Mikroyannidis, D. V. Tsagkournos, S. S. Sharma, Y. K. Vijay and G. D.

Sharma, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 4679; (c) G. D. Sharma, J. A. Mikroyannidis, S. S. Sharma and K. R. J.

Thomas, Dyes and Pigments, 2012, 94, 320.