supporting ldcs to advance their national adaptation plans asia regional training workshop

Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans Asia Regional Training Workshop

Marriott Resort and Spa, Pattaya, Thailand, 17-20 February 2014

Session 3Elaboration of Element A of the UNFCCC/LEG

technical guidelines for the NAP processHUANG Wenhang, Director

Division of International Cooperation, Department of Climate Change, National Development and Reform Commission, P.R. China

China’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy

1. Background2. Framework3. Key tasks4. Regional layout5. Supporting measures6. Follow-up actions


Session 3Elaboration of Element A

1. Background• Global:

– Huge impact of climate change on eco-system and socio-economic development; – Increasing attention from the international community on adaptation.

• China:– The world’s largest developing country with a large population, complicated

climatic conditions and a vulnerable ecological system;– Still in the process of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and the fast-

developing modern agriculture;– Faced with huge challenges posed by climate change on food, water, ecosystem,

energy, city management and people's lives and property. – Climate change adaptation is an arduous task for China; even worse, the

community as a whole still shows weak adaptation awareness and ability.– 12th FYP spells out the objective of enhancing the country's ability to adapt to

climate change and formulating a national adaptation strategy.Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans

Asia Regional Training WorkshopSession 3Elaboration of Element A

1. Background• Development of NAS:

– Started under the 11th 5YP Backbone Science Project ‘Key Technique Research on Climate Change Impact and Adaptation’;

– Study on National Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation published in 2011;

– At the COP 19 in Warsaw, His Excellency Xie Zhenhua, Vice Chairman of NDRC, announced China’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NAS) jointly issued by nine ministries and commissions such as NDRC, MOF, MOA.



2. Framework• In this strategy, adaptation objectives, key tasks,

regional layout and safeguarding measures are proposed based on a full assessment of the current and future impact of climate change in China and by aligning with the national guidelines and principles in response to climate change, in an effort to provide guidance for a well-balanced adaptation initiative.



Climate Change Facts in China

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

-1.0

0.0

1.0

Temperature anomaly in 1961-2009( )℃

Temperature trend in 1961-2009（℃ /10a ）

Precipitation trend in 1961-2009（ mm/10a ）

年份 /Year

Data source ： Beijing Climate Center

Year

气温距平∕℃

Precipitation anomaly in 1961-2009 （ mm ）

降水量距平∕mm

Temperature Precipitation

8 0 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 3 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

- 7 5 - 5 0 - 2 5 0 2 5 5 0 7 5 9 0

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

-80

-40

0

40

80

7

1950年-2007年农作物干旱面积（万亩）

05000100001500020000250003000035000400004500050000550006000065000

1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

受灾成灾成灾均值受灾均值

1950年-2007年农作物洪涝面积（万亩）

050001000015000200002500030000350004000045000

1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

受灾成灾成灾均值受灾均值

干旱/Drought

洪涝/Flooding

Agro-meteorological Disaster Loss

Yield changesWith CO2 fertilization (Wheat-A2)

Different water conditions(maize—with CO2 fertilization)

Different scenarios(Rice—irrigation)

无有

灌溉雨养

A2 B2

2. Framework• Current work progress:– Policies and regulations related to climate change

adaptation have been introduced.– Progress has been made in infrastructure construction.– Adaptation efforts in the related fields have moved

forward.– Ecological restoration and protection have been

strengthened.– Monitoring and early warning systems were rolled out.



2. Framework• Deficiencies:– The supportive system is not in place.– Infrastructure cannot meet the adaptation requirements.– Adaptation needs to be improved in sensitive and

vulnerable areas.– Measures for eco-protection should be strengthened.



2. Framework• Guidelines and principles:– Highlighting the priorities– Active adaptation– Reasonable adaptation– Synergy and collaboration– Broad engagement



2. Framework• Major objectives:– Improve the adaptation ability significantly– Fully implement all key tasks– Shape a regional adaptation network



3. Key Tasks• With regards to the impact of climate change on

different sectors and the basics of adaptation work, key adaptation tasks shall be identified and executed, while pilot and demonstration projects will be conducted in selected eligible areas, seeking and spreading effective practices to guide and propel gradual adaptation.



3. Key TasksI) Infrastructure:– Risk management should be redoubled.– The relevant standards should be modified.– Disaster response systems shall be improved.– Urban lifeline systems should be well planned.



Project Proposal:1. Shanghai pilot and demonstration adaptation project for defensive infrastructure against extreme weather conditions2. Guangdong pilot and demonstration adaptation project for urban disaster response system against natural disasters3. Yunnan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for disaster response system against disasters in rural areas4. Hebei pilot and demonstration adaptation project for urban water systems construction

3. Key TasksII) Agriculture:– Measures should be taken to intensify monitoring and early

warning as well as disaster prevention and mitigation.– Adaptability should be improved across the farming sector.– Rational guidance should be given on the development of

livestock and aquaculture breeding.– Efforts should be made to secure agricultural development.



Project Proposal:5. Jilin pilot and demonstration adaptation project for black land protection and treatment in major grain production areas6. Heilongjiang pilot and demonstration adaptation project for benefiting from climate change7. Inner Mongolia pilot and demonstration adaptation project for animal husbandry development in typical steppe

3. Key TasksIII) Water resources:– Protection of water resources and treatment of soil erosion

should be intensified.– Water allocation should be well planned.– Flood and drought management systems should be bettered.



Project Proposal:8. Jiangxi pilot and demonstration adaptation project for water conservation in the Poyang Lake9. Xinjiang pilot and demonstration adaptation project for prevention and control of snowmelt floods

3. Key TasksIV) Coastal zones and associated seas:– Rationally develop marine resources.– Protect and restore coastal ecosystem and vegetation.– Strengthen marine disaster monitoring and early warning.



Project Proposal:10. Hainan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for ecological restoration and marine disaster emergency

3. Key TasksV) Forests and other ecosystem:– Refine forestry planning.– Improve forest management.– Effectively curb forest disasters.– Promote a virtuous cycle of grassland ecosystem.– Intensify ecological protection and governance.



Project Proposal:11. Sichuan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for forest conservation and management12. Ningxia pilot and demonstration adaptation project for ecological migration13. Guangxi pilot and demonstration adaptation project for rocky desertification prevention and control

3. Key TasksVI) Human health:– Epidemic prevention systems shall be bettered.– Monitoring and evaluation as well as public information

services should be provided.– Emergency response systems should be reinforced.



Project Proposal:14. Chongqing pilot and demonstration adaptation project for disease prevention and control system

3. Key TasksVII) Tourism and other industries:– Safeguard industrial safety.– Properly develop and protect tourism resources.– Take the advantages to boost tourism.



4. Regional Layout• According to the land development program specified

in the planning for national main functional areas and in full consideration of the impact of climate change on people's production and living across different geographies, specific adaptation tasks are put forward, with the whole country divided into three kinds of adaptation regions, respectively urbanized region, agricultural region and ecological region.



4. Regional LayoutI) Urbanized region: – Refers to the populous areas featuring high population density

and city clusters of scale.– Can be divided into eastern, central and western areas based

on different climatic and geographic conditions. – Key task for this group is to enhance urbanization while

enabling urban infrastructure’s adaptation, improving people's living conditions and protect people's safety in their lives and in production.



Agricultural region



Area Key task

East •Adjusting urban planning;•Increasing urban greens and water permeable tiles;•Reducing hot island effect and city in-flooding;•Monitoring, early warning and defense against typhoon and salt water intrusion along the coast;•Protecting the lifeline system;•Fostering a water-saving society.

Central •Improving flood control capacity;•Schistosome and other vector-borne disease control;•Water quality monitoring and protection.

West •Water conservation and sustainable development of water resources;•Building an ecological barrier in northwest China for wind-shielding and sandstorm prevention; •Monitoring and early warning for geological disasters in southwest China.

4. Regional LayoutII) Agricultural region: – Refers to the main producing areas of major agricultural

products, where the population density is relatively small and large-scale urban agglomerations have not yet taken shape, along with better conditions for agricultural production.

– Based on different climatic and geographic conditions, divided into the Northeast Plain area, the North China Plain area, the Yangtze River basin area, the Fenhe River-Weihe River alluvial plains, the Hetao area, Xinjiang-Gansu area and South China.

– Key task for areas within this group is to ensure farm produce supply and the people’s wellbeing.



Agricultural region



Area Key task

Northeast China plain

•Northward shift of planting belt; •Early sowing, and shift to varieties with longer growing period;•Wetland and water resources conservation;•Water-saving agriculture.

North China Plain

•The most stringent water resources management to be introduced;•Water-saving agriculture, unconventional water resources exploitation;•Variety adjustment and expanding multiple cropping;•Late wheat sowing for soil moisture preservation and frost prevention; •Late maize harvesting; •Winter crop production in conservation area.

Hetao Plain

•Reforming irrigated farmland, reducing water-intensive crops, and developing water saving irrigation;•Early wheat sowing, early warning for ice flood;•Crop production in conservation area

Agricultural region



Area Key task

Yangtze River Basin

•Upstream soil and water conservation; •Returning lake to farmland in the middle reach;•Downstream dredging and embankment reinforcement; •Summer drought and flood prevention;•Migrant pest control; •Animal shed cooling;•Water protection.

Gansu and Xinjiang

•Integrated river basin-wide water management, water-saving irrigation;•Building dams and reservoirs in mountains;•Monitoring and early warning of meltwater flooding;•Developing featured agricultural products.

South China

•Reasonably expanding tropical and sub-tropical crops and winter vegetables, identifying the north-most border of planting belt;•3-demension and off-season agricultural production in mountains;•Reinforcing prevention of frost and alien species invasion•Early warning for typhoon and mudslide

4. Regional LayoutIII) Ecological security region: – Refers to the typical ecological areas featuring less human

activities, scarce development and great significance for national or regional ecological security.

– According to different climatic and geographic conditions, the group is classified into the northeast forest belts, the northern sand shelterbelts, the Loess Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan ecological zone, southern hilly and mountainous area, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau eco-zone.

– This region is defined to safeguard China’s national ecological security and promote harmony between man and nature.



Ecological security region



Area Key task

Northeast forest belts

•Stepping up monitoring, early warning and prevention of fire, frost, pest and rats;•Restructuring planting scheme, and protecting wetland

Northern sand shelterbe-lts

•Population control, and prevention of excessive farming and mining;•Returning farmland to grassland and forest;•Developing water-saving agriculture;•Sand-storm prevention by engineering and non-engineering measures;•Grassland conservation.

Loess Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan ecological zone

•Water and soil conservation, integrated small basin management;•Monitoring, early warning and prevention of mountain disasters and forest fires;•Rain harvesting for irrigation, and featured agricultural products;•Small-scale water projects in southwest China for greater resistance to spring and summer droughts; •Plateau and wetland protection

Ecological security region



Area Key task

Southern hilly and mountai-nous area

•Monitoring, early warning and integrated prevention of mudslides and geological disasters;•Building public shelters;•Returning farmland to grassland and forest;•Eco-restoration and poverty reduction;•Drought monitoring and early warning in Southwest China;•Construction of impoundment projects to reduce the threat of seasonal floods and droughts.

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau eco-zone

•Assessment of the plateau grassland carrying capacity;•Glacier monitoring;•Protection of vegetation, wetlands and endemic species of the Plateau;•Protection of the natural forests;•Development of highland valley agriculture.

5. Safeguarding Measures• This strategy serves to provide guidance on policies

and institutional arrangements for adaptation to climate change. All local agencies and authorities concerned shall align the existing policies and institutions to the strategy, developing the work mechanisms, funding policy, technical support and international cooperation systems to safeguard adaptation actions.



5. Safeguarding MeasuresI) Improve the institutions:– develop a sound legal system for adaptation;– develop an index system for comprehensive evaluation of

adaptability;– incept management systems together with supervision and

review mechanisms;– mainstream adaptation tasks into development plan;– formulate adaptation programs at all levels;– develop a sound mechanism to co-ordinate adaptation efforts;– establish a multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional expertise

committee.Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans


5. Safeguarding MeasuresII) Build up capacity:– analyze climate change-related risks in key fields;– build and improve climate observation, monitoring, forecast

and early warning systems– enhance the capacity in disaster emergency response and

relief;– apply management information system and technology;– advance science education and public awareness campaigns.



5. Safeguarding MeasuresIII) Redouble fiscal and financial policy support:– play the guiding role of public financial resources;– increase financial support for adaptation capacity building and

major technological innovation;– identify jurisdictions for adaptation to climate change;– exempt the financial expenditure burden on economically

backward regions;– implement and refine tax incentives to encourage the various

market players to get engaged in adaptation;– boost climate financial markets and encourage the

development of climate-related services and products.Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans


5. Safeguarding MeasuresIV) Strengthen technical support:– strengthen the construction of research institutions related to

adaptation to climate change,– improve climate change monitoring, prediction estimates,

impact and risk assessment and development of adaptation technologies;

– actively demonstrate and popularize simple, workable and efficient adaptation technologies;

– create the interdisciplinary, cross-industry, cross-regional collaborative network of adaptation technologies;

– develop the adaptation technology system, guide and toolkit.Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans


5. Safeguarding MeasuresV) Initiate international cooperation:

– actively guide and participate in global and regional cooperation as well as international standards setting;

– carry out typical case studies and work with all parties for multi-channel, multi-level and diversified collaboration;

– provide guide and support for adaptation cooperation between domestic and foreign enterprises and civil organizations;

– actively take part in the financial mechanism within and beyond the UNFCCC and cooperation projects launched by other international organizations;

– foster research and development of key technologies for adaptation through international mechanisms;

– carry out extensive South-South cooperation.



5. Safeguarding MeasuresVI) Organization and implementation:

– the development and reform authorities take charge of the organization and coordination of the strategy implementation, collaborating with the relevant departments of the State Council in the preparation of division of labor according to the strategic plan, with clear responsibilities assigned to each department;

– the relevant departments of the State Council implement the related tasks in accordance with the division of labor, preparing climate change adaptation programs for the corresponding departments and sectors and ensuring strict implementation;

– provincial climate change adaptation programs should be developed according to the principles and tasks identified in the strategy.



6. Follow-up actions



• To expire in 2020, subject to timely adjustments and modifications in accordance with the changing situation and actual needs.

• To serve as a guideline in developing regional and sectoral climate change adaptation strategy, planning and action plan;

• To organise field studies, research and discussions for the prioritised and vulnerable regions and sectors, to carry on further strategic studies, and to lay a solid foundation for revising the existing strategy or for developing new strategies.


Session 3[Session title]

supporting ldcs to advance their national adaptation plans asia regional training workshop

Documents

national adaptation

climate change impact

department of climate

adaptation objectives

national development

national guidelines

huge impact of climate

weak adaptation awareness