Posted 3 April 2006.

www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5769/1893/DC1

Supporting Online Material for

Cenozoic Plant Diversity in the Neotropics Carlos Jaramillo,* Milton J. Rueda, Germán Mora

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jaramilloc@si.edu

Published 31 March 2006, Science 311, 1893 (2006).

DOI: 10.1126/science.1121380

This PDF file includes

Materials and Methods Figs. S1 and S2 Tables S1 to S6 References

1

Supporting Online Material

Supporting Material and Methods

All the analyses, unless noted, were done using R for Statistical Computing (The

R Project for Statistical Computing, www.r-project.org).

Location of Sections

See Table S1 and Figure 1. First Appearance Datums (FAD) from sections based

upon ditch-cutting samples were not considered during the Graphic Correlation analysis,

because they can be affected by caving during drilling, thus artificially increasing the

range of a taxon (S1, S2). However, caving is not expected to produce a systematic bias

affecting the record of FADs in any particular time period. A caving bias on FADs

would tend to flatten out the diversity pattern by overextending ranges. Clearly, this is

not the case here. Last Appearance Datums (LAD) are not affected by caving (S1, S2),

thus LADs from ditch-cutting samples were used in the analysis.

Regional Geology

Colombian geology has been complicated by uplift attributed to the Andean

orogeny that began during the late Cretaceous and that was most active during the

Pliocene (S3). In general, sedimentary rocks comprise 70% of all the rocks in

Colombia. Forty percent of the outcropping sedimentary strata are Cretaceous,

approximately 55% are Cenozoic, while 5% are Paleozoic, Triassic and Jurassic (S4).

The sedimentary rocks can be found in ten tectono-stratigraphic provinces (S4, S5).

Paleozoic sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, Triassic red beds and marine limestones,

and Jurassic tuffs constitute the basement onto which Cretaceous rocks onlapped (S6).

The late Jurassic-Cretaceous sea first inundated the northwestern Andean Basin possibly

2

through a western corridor situated in the area that is now Central Colombia at the

latitude of Bogotá during the Titonian-Berriasian. Subsequently this sea extended into

most of southern and northern Colombia (S7). Cretaceous facies have been interpreted as

representing marine environments of deposition, especially during the Turonian to

Campanian interval (S8, S9). Cenozoic rocks accumulated in alluvial to coastal plain

environments (S4, S5) with the exception of the marine strata of the Atrato Basin and

Lower Magdalena Valley (S10, S11).

Colombia has undergone a complex history of compressional tectonic events that

have produced a mix of superimposed structures (S12). The Eastern Cordillera was

uplifted during the Pliocene-Pleistocene (S3), and is bounded by thrust faults systems on

its eastern and western margins. Eastern faults dip westward (Guaicaramo thrust system)

and western faults dip eastward (Honda-Bituima thrust system), thus structurally creating

a large "pop-up" feature that uplifted the Eastern Cordillera (S13).

Basin geometries during the Paleogene in Colombia are very complex and they do

not seem to fit a single model. Studied sections come from two basins: the Catatumbo

(Regadera, cg3, Rio Loro, t182, t1, o11, ro14 sections) and the Eastern Cordillera-Llanos

foothills Basin (Pinalerita, b15,r1,b3, Sutatuza, c5,n1,g1 sections). The Eastern

Cordillera/Llanos foothills basin has been separated from the Catatumbo basin since the

uplift of the Santander massif (S4, S5, S14). Thus, both basins have been subjected to

different relative sea level, tectonic, and subsidence histories.

Eastern Cordillera/Llanos foothills (craton-derived sediments, passive-like

margin). Geology in the Eastern Cordillera/Llanos foothills is very complex as a result of

the significant horizontal W-E shortening and N-S displacement related to the activity of

the Guaicaramo fault system. All data suggest that the sediment source was mainly the

craton (S15), although tectonic subsidence could be related to the foreland that formed

east of the Central Cordillera at the beginning of the Cenozoic (S16). Stratal geometry of

the Eastern Cordillera/Llanos foothills suggests that the basin acted as a passive margin

3

during the Paleogene: sediments were derived from the craton and subsidence increased

basinward. The sequence stratigraphic model for the region agrees for the most part with

that proposed by Cooper (S16) and Cazier (S17) for the Cusiana area and with that by

Guerrero and Sarmiento (S18). There was a lowstand system tract (LST) and a

transgressive system tract (TST) during the early Paleocene, then a highstand system tract

(HST) during the late Paleocene, followed by a sequence boundary during the early

Eocene. There is no palynological evidence of a major time hiatus involving this

sequence boundary (SB) in the Foothills and Eastern Cordillera (S19, S20). These events

were followed by a LST during the early Eocene, a TST in the middle Eocene, a HST

from the middle Eocene to the late Eocene, a SB, LST, and TST during the late Eocene,

and finally a HST during the early Oligocene to early Miocene. Marine influence in the

entire sequence is minimal.

Catatumbo basin (Santander and craton-derived sediments). Sediments were

derived from the Santander Massif, Merida Arch and the craton, with depositional

systems prograding toward the Maracaibo Gulf (S14, S21). There is a HST during the

late Maastrichtian to late Paleocene, then a SB during the late Paleocene, a TST during

the early Eocene, a HST during the middle Eocene to early Oligocene. Then, a possible

SB at the late Oligocene, and a HST during the late Oligocene and early Miocene.

Paleogene sediments are fully fluvial and there are no evidences of major time hiatuses

(S5, S21, S22).

Pollen and Spores

Pollen and spore morphotypes (Table S2) reflect mostly generic diversity (S23)

with some few types reflecting species and family level, although the natural affinity of

many of the morphotypes in our database is still unknown. However, there is no reason

to expect a systematic bias on the taxonomic representation of the pollen or spores

4

affecting any segment of the diversity pattern. Palynological data have been previously

used to study plant diversity over different time-scales (S24-31).

Composite section

The composite section was constructed using the method of graphic correlation

(S32-34). For a detailed explanation of this technique see Edwards (S32, S33). This

method permits the identification of the oldest and youngest occurrence of a taxon for an

area avoiding the facies control that could potentially misestimate the true extinction and

origination point of a taxon. This method produces hypothesis that can be expressed in

testable forms (S35). Graphic correlation does not make the a priori assumption that first

and last appearance datums in a particular section record true speciation and extinction

events. By combining the information of multiple sections, the method allows the true

stratigraphic range of a taxon to be determined because the whole assemblage is being

compared. This approach also produces a testable biostratigraphic framework. Graphic

correlation has been successfully used by many biostratigraphers, specially by BP-

Amoco petroleum geologists for hydrocarbon exploration during a number of years

(S36). For this study, the biostratigraphic distribution of fifteen sections was analyzed

(Tables S1, S2, and S3), and a composite section was compiled on the basis of lines of

correlation (Table S4) of each section versus a reference section (section g1). All

samples were extrapolated to the reference section, and the stratigraphic position in feet

of each sample was converted to geologic time (Table S5). The range-through method

(S37) was then applied to the composite section, using a function fill.occur (Table S5).

Singletons were excluded.

5

fill.occur=function(sp)

{

occur=which(sp>0) ##array of row numbers where sp>0

fad=occur[1] #row of first number in array

numboccur=length(occur)# how many numbers in the array

lad=occur[numboccur]#row number of the last position in the array

alloccur=rep(0,length(sp))## produces a matrix of zeroes similar in size to original

i=1:length(sp)## all positions in the matrix are now labeled i

alloccur[i>=fad & i

6

location Paleocene/Eocene boundary. The carbon isotope excursion that defines this

boundary has not been found in tropical South America yet. We are in the process of

finding sections suitable for carbon isotope analysis in western Venezuela that can solve

this problem. However, we expect the position of this boundary to be near the extinction

of F. perforatus.

Piecewise analysis

The edge effect was estimated using a piecewise regression. This regression

assumes that there are two different regression functions to the same data (S39) and

attempts a two-segment fit of the data. The breakpoint is the intersection of the two fitted

regression lines. The regression iteratively tries all possible positions of the breakpoint

and chooses the one that produces the lowest residual sum of squares (S40). The model

to fit follows the algorithm described in Duggleby and Ward (S41) for a two-segment

linear regression. y = yT + [(mL + mR)(x - xT) - (mL - mR) x-xT] / 2 y= FAD or LAD, x =

species, xT = breakpoint species, yT = breakpoint FAD or LAD, mL = slope left of

breakpoint, mR = slope right of breakpoint.

The piecewise regression indicates a breakpoint at 68.46331 Ma for the oldest

part of the record, and 18.34511 Ma for the youngest part of the record. The analysis was

then restricted from 65.5 Ma, the beginning of the Cenozoic, to 20Ma, the early Miocene

with enough confidence that the edge effect was not affecting the pattern.

fad.edge

7

step1

8

}

piecewiselad

9

problems due to outliers and non-normal distributions (S42). Pearson’s correlation

coefficient also was calculated and is reported below.

For the correlation we made two assumptions (Figure S2) that rely both on a time-

delay on the floral response and/or inaccuracies in the chronology of the composite

section. These assumptions may be shown to be wrong, but a much better chronology

would be needed to test them. i) We assumed that there is a time lag of one-bin from the

diversity record in relation to the δ18O record during the Paleocene and Eocene warming

ii) We assumed no time lag during the Oligocene and early Miocene cooling, thus the

drop in diversity and temperature at the end of the Eocene and at the end of Oligocene are

assumed to be coetaneous. The isotopic record seems to show that the cooling trend

during the Oligo-Miocene happened much faster than the warming during the Pale-

Eocene. Therefore, we expect a faster contraction of tropical areas and faster response of

floras than during the preceding global warming.

Spearman's rank correlation rho

S = 2006, p-value < 0.02364, rho: -0.5082707

Pearson’s correlation coefficient

Residual standard error: 19.56 on 18 degrees of freedom, Multiple R-Squared: 0.2286, F-

statistic: 5.334 on 1 and 18 DF, p-value: 0.03299

DCA Analysis

Detrended Correspondence Analysis was performed, using the function decorana

from the package VEGAN developed by Oksanen, Kindt, and O’Hara. The DCA was

10

performed on the composite section after range-through assumption, and on samples

restricted to the time interval 65.5 Ma to 20Ma.

Cluster Analysis

An agglomerative cluster analysis, using an Euclidean distance, was performed

using the function agnes from the Package CLUSTER developed by Martin Maechler.

The Cluster was performed on the composite section after range-through assumption, and

on samples restricted to the time interval 65.5 Ma to 20Ma. The agglomerative

coefficient, that measures the amount of clustering structure found, was 0.9787342.

Rates of origination and extinction

Per-capita rates of origination and extinction per million year bins were calculated

following Foote (S43). A five-point running mean was done using the function filter.

chartotalyoungtoold

11

return(reduced)

}

condensed1my=apply(chartotalyoungtoold,2, condensed)# apply the condensed function

to condensed range chart

basicdataFADLAD

12

# Matrix 1) TRUE in the row a species originated, unless it appeared in only one period;

# Matrix 2) TRUE in the row a species' final appearance, unless it appeared in only one

period;

# Matrix 3) TRUE for every period between and including first and last appearances;

# Matrix 4) TRUE only for the periods when one-time species occurred

# The rowsums of these 4 matrices are returned, given the number of species in each

sampling

# period qualifying according to the four criteria.

paleospan=function(AppearanceTable)

{

origin=apply(AppearanceTable,2,originate)

extinct=apply(AppearanceTable,2,extinction)

span=apply(AppearanceTable,2,fullspan)

single=apply(AppearanceTable,2,appearsingly)

S=rowSums(origin)

E=rowSums(extinct)

C=rowSums(span)

O=rowSums(single)

return(data.frame(S=S,E=E,C=C,O=O))

}

# Finding first appearance of a species

originate

13

result=rep(FALSE,length(v))

present=which(v>0)

if(length(present)0)

if(length(present)0)

14

if(length(present)==0) return(result)

ages=1:length(v)

first=present[1]

last=range(present)[2]

result[ages>=first & ages0)

if(length(present)==0) return(result)

ages=1:length(v)

first=present[1]

last=range(present)[2]

if(first==last) result[first]=TRUE

return(result)

}

Cores used for the Holocene palynological benchmark analysis

Six Holocene cores with 262 palynological samples: Piusbi1 (7670-0 yr), Jotardo

(4230-365 yr), P Monica (11000-0 yr), Mozambique (3444-0 yr), Carimagua (1300-0 yr),

15

and Cheneva (7260-0 yr) (S44, S45) were combined to produce a palynological

benchmark for Holocene lowland palynofloras. These cores cover an area that is similar

in extent to the Composite Section. All samples were combined to have a single

composite sample that is comparable to a single data point in the long-term record studied

here. This data handling of Holocene samples reproduces the process used for the long-

term analysis, thus making both diversity results comparable. This analysis yielded 321

pollen and spores morphotypes.

The within-sample diversity of Holocene, Eocene, and early Miocene

palynofloral samples was also analyzed using rarefaction. The number of morphotypes

found at counts of 208 grains was calculated for each time interval, and then the mean

sample diversities were compared using a Welch Two Sample t-test. The results of these

tests are:

HOLOCENE vs EARLY MIOCENE data: diversity by age t = -5.3855, df = 181.234, p-value = 2.221e-07 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 95 percent confidence interval: -7.959740 -3.691099 sample estimates: mean in group miocene mean in group holocene 30.61499 36.44041 HOLOCENE vs EOCENE Welch Two Sample t-test data: diverEocQuat by agesampleEoc t = 3.8932, df = 31.229, p-value = 0.0004867 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 95 percent confidence interval: 3.647351 11.668395 sample estimates: mean in group eocene mean in group holocene 44.09828 36.44041

Code for this comparison is as follow:

RAREFACTION EOCENE 208 pinaeocene

16

BA3eocene

17

attach(ttestQE) t.test(diverEocQuat ~ agesampleEoc)

18

Supporting Figures

Fig. S1. Carbon isotope data (δ13C) vs Stratigraphic position, Rio Loro section. Raw

data and a 10-sample running average (black line) shows that there is a positive isotopic

shift at 1082 meters (Table S6). This shift seems to correspond to the 60 Ma global

positive δ13C shift (S46).

Fig. S2. Assumptions for the first-differencing time-series correlation of diversity on

δ18O. A time lag of one bin during the Paleocene and Eocene warming was assumed, but

no time lag during the Oligocene and early Miocene cooling events.

19

Supporting Tables

Table S1. Geographic Location of the Studied Sections.

Table S2. Dictionary of Pollen and Spores used in the analysis. All singletons

(morphotypes that only present in one sample) are excluded because they were not used

in the analysis. GC=morphological code used in the range charts. Species labeled with

quotation marks (" ") represent unnamed species. Out of 844 morphotypes, 138 are still

unnamed. The publication of all the informal species is an ongoing process that may take

decades. Nonetheless, the use of informal species was consistent throughout all of the

samples studied. The use of informal nomenclature would not alter the pattern shown

here.

Table S3. Biostratigraphic Range Charts files (depths are given in feet from the ground-

surface). These are files in .txt format. Each file contains the species in rows, depths in

columns. Data from sections Gonzales (S22) and Sutatuaza (S47) were taken from the

literature and their taxonomic nomenclature modified to be in agreement with our pollen

and spores dictionary. Section b3A and b3B are from the same geographical point but

different time intervals: b3A is Maastrichtian to Eocene and b3B is Oligocene to

Miocene.

Table S4. Graphic correlation equations. All values are given in feet. All equations are

linear models that compare a section against the reference section (reference section is

g1). Each well has a unique line of correlation (LOC) versus the reference section. This

20

LOC is usually divided in several segments. The end points of each segment of the LOC

are given in pairs. Whereas the number to the left corresponds to a depth in the reference

section, the number to the right corresponds to a depth in the chosen section. The values

of the intercept (b) and the slope (m) are given for each segment of the LOC.

Table S5. ASCII file containing the Composite Section after the range-through method

was applied. Species are in columns, samples in rows. Sample age is indicated in the

first column and it is given in million of years.

Table S6. Stable carbon isotope (δ13C ) stratigraphy for the Rio Loro Section (Fig. S1).

Whereas isotopic values averaging -25.71 ‰ are concentrated in the 900 to 1082 meters

interval, the interval 1125 to 1210 meters shows a more positive value (average -25.13

‰). This difference is statistically significant (t-test, p

−26 −25 −24 −23

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

δ13C values for the Rio Loro Section, Venezuela

δ13C (‰)

Stra

tigra

phic

pos

ition

(in

met

ers)

raw data

10−point moving average

60Ma positiveisotopic shift

Figure S1. Carbon Isotope Data (δ13C) vs Stratigraphic position, Rio Loro section. Raw data and a 10-sample running average (black line) shows that there is a positiveisotopic shift at 1082 meters (Table S6). This shift seems to correspond to the 60 Maglobal positive δ13C shift (S46).

20 30 40 50 60

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

bin

diffe

renc

e in

del

ta O

18

20 30 40 50 60

−40

−20

020

40

bin

diffe

renc

e in

num

ber o

f mor

phot

ypes

those two binswere averaged

Figure S2. Assumptions for the first-differencing time-series correlation of diversity on δ18O. A timelag of one bin during the Paleocene and Eocene warming was assumed, but no time lag during theOligocene and early Miocene cooling events.

Table S1. Geographic location of the studied sections

sección N W type of sectionPiñalerita 4.5 73.1 outcropb15 4.9 72.7 corer1 4.9 72.8 ditch-cuttingb3A and B 5.0 72.8 coreSutatauza 5.1 73.5 outcropc5 5.1 72.7 coren1 5.6 72.3 ditch-cuttingg1 7.0 71.8 core/outcrop/ditchRegadera 7.4 72.4 outcropcg3 8.2 72.7 ditch-cuttingRio Loro 8.4 71.8 outcropt182 8.5 72.7 ditch-cuttingt1 8.6 72.7 corep11 9.0 72.9 corero14 9.1 72.9 ditch-cutting

code GC Morphotype Author35 Acrostichum spp. (S48)37 Adiantium spp. (S48)41 Aequitriradites spp. (S49)46 Aglaoreidia? foveolata (S50)

3497 Albertipollenites? aff. perforatus (S50)78 Anacolosidites spp. (S51)

100 Annonaceae type (S48)4099 Annutriporites "iversenioides" (S52)2355 Annutriporites cf. iversenii (S22)105 Annutriporites iversenii (S22)2356 Annutriporites sp. (S22)109 Anthoceros spp. (S53)111 Apiculatasporites obscurus (S50)112 Apiculatasporites? cingulatus (S50)114 Apiculatisporites spp. (S54)

4165 Aquilapollenites magnus var. "minor" (S52)120 Araliaceoipollenites? sp. 2 (S50)121 Araucariacites australis (S55)122 Araucariacites limbatus (S56)125 Araucariacites sp. 1 (S50)126 Araucariacites sp. 2 (S50)124 Araucariacites spp. (S57)130 Arecipites regio (S50)140 Ariadnaesporites spinosus (S58)139 Ariadnaesporites spp. (S59)146 Baculamonocolpites hammenii (S50)2366 Baculapollenites sp. (S52)2367 Baculatisporites / Osmundacites spp. (S60)2369 Baculatisporites sp (S50)151 Baculatisporites sp. 1 (S50)152 Baculatisporites sp. 2 (S50)2370 Baculatriletes sp. (S52)154 Bacumorphomonocolpites tausae (S61)155 Bacustephanocolpites stereos (S22)3372 Bacutricolporites sp. (S62)2381 Bissacate pollen (S52)2147 Biverrupollis foveolatus RRI (S52)202 Bombac protofoveoreticulatus (S50)2383 Bombacacidites "amplius" (S52)2211 Bombacacidites "echinatus" (S52)196 Bombacacidites "megaporus" (S52)204 Bombacacidites "reticulatus" (S52)

Table S2. Dictionary of Pollen and Spores used in the analysis. All singletons (morphotypes that only present in one sample) are excluded because they were not used in the analysis. GC=morphological code used in the range charts. Species labeled with quotation marks (" ") represent unnamed species. Out of 844 morphotypes, 138 are still unnamed. The publication of all the informal species is an ongoing process that may take decades. Nonetheless, the use of informal species was consistent throughout all of the samples studied. The use of informal nomenclature would not alter the pattern shown here.

2388 Bombacacidites "triplanicus" (S52)4166 Bombacacidites aff. foveoreticulatus (S38)2393 Bombacacidites aff. soleaformis (S38)4167 Bombacacidites aff. sp. 4 J&D (S50)173 Bombacacidites annae (S63)180 Bombacacidites baumfalki (S64)182 Bombacacidites brevis (S38)2399 Bombacacidites brevis "minor" (S52)188 Bombacacidites ciriloensis (S38)190 Bombacacidites echinate type (S52)191 Bombacacidites fossureticulatus (S50)192 Bombacacidites foveoreticulatus (S38)193 Bombacacidites gonzalezii (S50)197 Bombacacidites microreticulatus (S65)198 Bombacacidites minutus (S66)199 Bombacacidites muinaneorum (S67)200 Bombacacidites nacimientoensis (S68)203 Bombacacidites psilatus (S50)208 Bombacacidites rotundus (S69)209 Bombacacidites simplireticulatus (S50)210 Bombacacidites soleaformis (S38)2382 Bombacacidites sp. (S70)212 Bombacacidites sp. 1 (S50)219 Bombacacidites sp. 2 (S50)221 Bombacacidites sp. 4 (S50)222 Bombacacidites sp. 5 (S50)223 Bombacacidites sp. 6 (S27)224 Bombacacidites sp. 7 (S27)230 Bombacacidites zuatensis (S64)2408 Bombacacidites? "colpisombreadus" (S52)235 Brevitricolpites macroexinatus (S50)236 Brevitricolpites microechinatus (S50)2416 Brevitricolpites sp. (S22)237 Brevitricolpites sp. 1 (S50)244 Brevitricolporites "annulatus" (S52)2418 Brevitricolporites sp. (S52)248 Burseraceae type (S48)250 Buttinia andreevi (S71)326 C. dorogensis minor rugulatearis (S72)2422 Caesalpiniaceae undiff. (S73)2212 Camarozonosporites sp. (S59)2430 Camarozonosporites sp. 1 (S50)276 Catostemma type (S48)4169 Caudaspora spinosa (S74)307 Chenopodipollis spp. (S75)312 Chomotriletes minor (S76)319 Cicatricosisporites dorogensis (S77)2445 Cicatricosisporites sp. (S77)4170 Cicatricososporites "grandis" (S52)4327 Cicatricososporites aff. decussatus (S50)331 Cicatricososporites eocenicus (S78)332 Cicatricososporites spp. (S60)2446 Cingulatisporites sp. (S59)2447 Classopollis sp. (S79)2449 Clavainaperturites aff. clavatus (S80)

2264 Clavainaperturites clavatus (S80)344 Clavainaperturites cordatus (S22)345 Clavainaperturites microclavatus (S81)2448 Clavainaperturites sp. (S80)2451 Clavamonocolpites sp (S38)346 Clavamonocolpites sp. 1 (S50)3817 Clavapollenites AP188 (S52)2453 Clavapollenites sp. (S52)3529 Clavastephanocolpites spp. (S80)350 Clavatisporites mutisii (S50)2458 Clavatisporites sp. (S82)2262 Clavatricolpites "finitus" (S52)1622 Clavatricolpites "robustus" (S52)2461 Clavatricolpites crotonoides (S80)352 Clavatricolpites densiclavatus (S50)354 Clavatricolpites gracilis (S22)4346 Clavatricolpites sp. (S66)2465 Clavatricolporites sp. (S63)366 Cocoideae spp. (S48)367 Colombipollis tropicalis (S47)376 Concavisporites sp. 1 (S27)2462 Concavisporites spp. (S48)2463 Concavissimisporites "foveolatus" (S52)378 Concavissimisporites fossulatus (S83)2466 Concavissimisporites sp. (S49)383 Conifer sp. 1 (S27)3586 Corrugatisporites ivoirensis (S84)2470 Corsinipollenites aff. undulatus (S50)399 Corsinipollenites jussiaeensis (S85)2471 Corsinipollenites oculusnoctis (S86)400 Corsinipollenites psilatus (S50)403 Corsinipollenites sp. (S86)401 Corsinipollenites undulatus (S50)405 Crassiectoapertites columbianus (S64)4104 Crassitricolporites? "verrugematus" (S52)423 Cricotriporites elongatoporus (S50)424 Cricotriporites guianensis (S63)425 Cricotriporites macroporus (S50)426 Cricotriporites minutiporus (S50)2478 Cricotriporites sp. (S63)427 Cricotriporites sp. 1 (S27)429 Crotomonocolpites spp. (S52)430 Croton type (S48)2480 Crotostephanocolpites sp. (S52)433 Crototricolpites "gemmatus" (S52)434 Crototricolpites "microdensus" (S52)435 Crototricolpites "reticulatus" (S52)4357 Crototricolpites aff. protoannemariae (S50)436 Crototricolpites annemariae (S63)439 Crototricolpites protoannemariae (S50)2481 Crototricolpites spp. (S63)443 Crusafontites grandiosus (S61)442 Crusafontites megagemmatus (S50)444 Crusafontites spp. (S61)2484 Ctenolophonidites "suigeneris" (S52)

447 Ctenolophonidites cruciatus (S50)448 Ctenolophonidites lisamae (S23)445 Ctenolophonidites sp. (S69)452 Cupaneidites spp. (S87)454 Curvimonocolpites inornatus (S63)456 Cyathea horrida type (S48)460 Cyathidites australis (S57)3823 Cycadopites AP71 (S52)464 Cycadopites sp. 2 (S52)2156 Cyclusphaera doubengeri (S88)491 Cyclusphaera scabrata (S50)487 Cyclusphaera scabrata "minor" (S52)496 Cyperaceae type (S48)499 Dalechampia type (S48)596 Deltoidospora adriennis (S89)2505 Desmidospora spp. (S48)3526 Dictyophyllidites spp. (S90)1142 Distaverrusporites margaritatus (S91)603 Duplotriporites arianii (S47)680 E. trianguliformis var. orbicularis (S50)610 Echidiporites barbeitoensis (S38)3524 Echimonocolpites "pachyexinatus" (S52)4175 Echimonocolpites aff. coni (S47)4174 Echimonocolpites aff. ruedae (S92)613 Echimonocolpites coni (S47)614 Echimonocolpites densus (S22)616 Echimonocolpites grandispiniger (S92)617 Echimonocolpites protofranciscoi (S47)2518 Echimonocolpites sp. (S92)619 Echimonocolpites sp. 1 (S50)620 Echimonocolpites sp. 2 (S27)622 Echimonocolpites sp. 4 (S27)3530 Echimonoletes spp. (S52)624 Echimorphomonocolpites gracilis (S22)625 Echimorphomonocolpites solitarius (S22)626 Echimorphomonocolpites spp. (S22)628 Echinatisporis brevispinosus (S50)2265 Echinatisporis minutus (S93)2519 Echinatisporis sp. (S51)629 Echinatisporis? sp. 3 (S27)630 Echinatisporites sp. 4 (S27)2520 Echiperiporites "densispinosus" (S52)2522 Echiperiporites "psilatus" (S52)633 Echiperiporites akanthos (S80)635 Echiperiporites estelae (S23)2525 Echiperiporites sp. (S80)4109 Echipollenites "pachyexinatus" (S52)2526 Echipollenites "raroforus" (S52)4110 Echipollenites "scabratus" (S52)2530 Echipollenites NI280 (S52)2534 Echipollenites sp. (S52)638 Echipollenites sp. 1 (S27)640 Echipollenites sp. 3 (S27)2537 Echistephanocolpites sp. (S94)2540 Echistephanoporites sp. (S63)

644 Echitetracolpites? sp. 1 (S50)645 Echitetracolpites? tenuiexinatus (S50)646 Echitricolpites communis (S95)2546 Echitricolpites sp. (S96)647 Echitricolpites sp. 1 (S50)2548 Echitricolporites "bombaxinus" (S52)649 Echitricolporites maristellae (S38)2550 Echitricolporites sp. (S96)653 Echitricolporites spinosus (S96)654 Echitriletes "acanthotriletoides" (S52)4111 Echitriletes "ardilae" (S52)4101 Echitriletes "higuerilloides" (S52)2217 Echitriletes "intercolensis" (S52)4112 Echitriletes aff. "intercolensis" (S52)662 Echitriletes muelleri (S95)2558 Echitriletes sp. (S59)2266 Echitriporites "cricotriporatus" (S52)664 Echitriporites "eocenicus" (S52)2218 Echitriporites "pseudotrianguliformis"(S52)3074 Echitriporites "solidus" (S52)667 Echitriporites nuriae (S83)2568 Echitriporites sp. (S97)670 Echitriporites sp. 2 (S50)673 Echitriporites sp. 5 (S27)676 Echitriporites suescae (S98)677 Echitriporites trianguliformis (S97)682 Echitriporites variabilis (S50)4360 Ephedripites aff. renzonii (S99)688 Ephedripites spp. (S100)691 Ephedripites vanegensis (S92)699 Euphorbiaceae type (S48)1 Florschuetzia sp. (S23)

2584 Fossulotriletes "dendroides" (S52)4084 Fossustephanocolpites sp. A (S52)3835 Fossutricolpites AP109 (S52)2589 Foveomonocolpites sp. (S52)724 Foveomonocolpites sp. 2 (S27)3531 Foveomonoletes spp. (S52)727 Foveotricolpites genuinus (S22)729 Foveotricolpites perforatus (S92)2597 Foveotricolpites sp. (S66)731 Foveotricolpites sp. 1 (S50)733 Foveotricolpites sp. 2 (S27)4178 Foveotricolporites aff. rugulatus (S50)737 Foveotricolporites fossulatus (S50)738 Foveotricolporites rugulatus (S50)2601 Foveotricolporites sp. (S66)743 Foveotricolporites sp. 4 (S50)745 Foveotricolporites sp. 6 (S27)751 Foveotricolporites voluminosus (S22)753 Foveotriletes margaritae (S23)755 Foveotriletes ornatus (S95)2604 Foveotriletes sp. (S59)756 Foveotriletes sp. 1 (S50)758 Foveotriletes sp. 3 (S27)

759 Foveotriletes sp. 4 (S27)760 Foveotriletes sp. 5 (S27)3704 Foveotriletes sp. B (S52)762 Foveotriporites hammenii (S22)2606 Foveotriporites sp. (S22)764 Foveotriporites sp. 1 (S50)781 Gabonisporis spp. (S71)783 Gabonisporites vigourouxii (S71)786 Gemmamonocolpites "timidus" (S52)790 Gemmamonocolpites barbatus (S22)792 Gemmamonocolpites dispersus (S47)793 Gemmamonocolpites gemmatus (S92)796 Gemmamonocolpites perfectus (S50)2616 Gemmamonocolpites sp. (S92)2617 Gemmamonoletes sp. (S66)2622 Gemmapollenites sp. (S52)2623 Gemmastephanocolpites sp. (S92)806 Gemmastephanoporites breviculus (S22)808 Gemmastephanoporites polymorphus (S22)2624 Gemmastephanoporites spp. (S22)2169 Gemmatricolpites pulcher (S22)812 Gemmatricolpites sp. 1 (S27)2625 Gemmatricolpites spp. (S97)3573 Gemmatricolporites spp. (S63)2628 Gemmatriletes sp. (S66)2629 Gemmatriporites sp. (S101)3574 Gemmazonocolpites spp. (S102)2292 Gleicheniidites senonicus (S103)832 Granulatisporites spp. (S54)4102 Granulotriletes sp. (S52)836 Grimsdalea polygonalis (S85)263 Hamulatisporis caperatus (S104)848 Heterocolpites palaeocenica (S92)849 Heterocolpites paluster (S22)850 Heterocolpites spp. (S96)852 Hexaporotricolpites spp. (S71)861 Horniella sp. 1 (S50)862 Horniella sp. 2 (S50)863 Horniella sp. 3 (S50)882 Ilexpollenites sp. (S105)3853 Inaperturites AP51 (S52)4009 Inaperturites ARE111 (S52)4120 Inaperturopollenites "magnus" (S52)2642 Inaperturopollenites sp. (S106)908 Ischyosporites problematicus (S50)2244 Jandufouria "minutus" (S52)911 Jandufouria minor (S50)912 Jandufouria seamrogiformis (S50)920 Jandufouria spp. (S23)928 Kirchheimerisporites tenuiradiatus (S50)1006 L. proxapertitoides proxapertitoides (S92)1004 L. proxapertitoides reticuloides (S92)939 Ladakhipollenites rubinii (S50)940 Ladakhipollenites simplex (S50)3778 Ladakhipollenites sp. (S107)

941 Ladakhipollenites sp. 1 (S50)3707 Ladakhipollenites sp. B (S52)3779 Laevigatasporites sp. (S52)952 Laevigatasporites sp. (S108)944 Laevigatasporites sp. 1 (S50)945 Laevigatasporites sp. 2 (S27)3709 Laevigatasporites sp. B (S52)4122 Laevigatosporites "grandis" (S52)949 Laevigatosporites catanejensis (S38)950 Laevigatosporites sp. 1 (S50)954 Laevigatosporites tibuensis (S50)962 Lanagiopollis crassa (S109)970 Leiotriletes guaduensis (S61)986 Leptolepidites spp. (S110)987 Liliacidites spp. (S57)4181 Longapertites aff. sp. 1 (S50)4182 Longapertites aff. vaneendenburgi (S23)996 Longapertites circulatus (S22)997 Longapertites fossuloides (S22)999 Longapertites marginatus (S97)1000 Longapertites microfoveolatus (S111)1001 Longapertites perforatus (S22)1002 Longapertites proxapertitoides (S92)1007 Longapertites sp. (S97)1008 Longapertites sp. 1 (S50)1011 Longapertites vaneendenburgi (S23)1013 Longitrichotomocolpites triangularis (S22)1014 Lonicera type (S48)1017 Loranthaceae tipo (S48)1019 Luminidites colombianensis (S50)3527 Lycopodiacites sp. (S57)1023 Lycopodiumsporites spp. (S110)1024 Lygodiumsporites sp. 1 (S27)2231 M. f. pachyexinatus (long spines) (S52)1092 M. franciscoi pachyexinatus (S92)1028 Magnaperiporites "gemmatus" (S52)1030 Magnaperiporites spinosus (S22)1031 Magnastriatites grandiosus (S112)2176 Magnatriporites abstractus (S22)2683 Magnatriporites sp. (S22)1040 Magnotetradites magnus (S92)1043 Malpighiaceae type (S113)1046 Malvacidites sp. (S114)1051 Malvacipollis spinulosa (S89)2687 Margocolporites sp. (S115)1058 Margocolporites sp. 2 (S27)1059 Margocolporites vanwijhei (S23)2692 Matonisporites sp. (S90)2245 Maurit. franciscoi pachyexin. (small ech.)(S52)1068 Mauritiidites crassibaculatus (S97)1069 Mauritiidites crassiexinus (S116)1070 Mauritiidites franciscoi franciscoi (S97)1090 Mauritiidites franciscoi minutus (S92)3715 Mauritiidites sp. A (S52)2701 Microfoveolatosporis "densus" (S52)

1101 Microfoveolatosporis skottsbergii (S117)3716 Microfoveolatosporis sp. A (S52)3592 Milfordia homeopunctata (S118)1104 Momipites africanus (S69)1105 Momipites sp. 1 (S50)1106 Momipites spp. (S119)4185 Monocolpites obtusispinosus (S98)1112 Monocolpopollenites ovatus (S50)1119 Monocolpopollenites sp. 2 (S27)1120 Monocolpopollenites sp. 3 (S27)1124 Monocolpopollenites sphaeroidites (S84)2178 Monoporites parcus (S47)1131 Monoporopollenites annulatus (S50)1135 Monulcipollenites confossus (S120)3593 Mougeotia laetevirens (S48)1137 Multiporopollenites pauciporatus (S50)1138 Myrtaceidites spp. (S105)2206 Nijssenosporites sp. (S64)1145 Nothofagidites huertasii (S50)1146 Nothofagidites sp. 1 (S50)1175 Osmundacidites minor (S50)1176 Osmundacidites spp. (S110)1208 Paleosantalaceaepites distinctus (S50)1212 Papillamonocolpites splendens (S22)1216 Parsonsidites sp. 6 (S27)2183 Perfomonocolpites spp. (S52)1221 Perfotricolpites digitatus (S22)1381 Perfotricolporites sp. (S52)2771 Perinomonoletes "acicularis" (S52)1223 Perinomonoletes sp. (S121)2774 Periporopollenites spp. (S60)1225 Periretisyncolpites giganteus (S122)1226 Periretisyncolpites magnosagenatus (S122)1227 Periretisyncolpites sp. 1 (S50)1228 Perisyncolporites pokornyi (S23)3576 Perisyncolporites sp. (S23)2182 Perotriletes blanensis (S123)2778 Perotriletes sp. (S57)1247 Planisporites? sp. 1 (S50)1248 Plicapollis arcii (S22)1250 Podocarpidites sp. (S57)1256 Pollen massulae (S48)1259 Pollen sp. A Muller et al. 1987 (S38)1266 Poloretitricolpites absolutus (S50)1268 Polotricolporites concretus (S22)1270 Polotricolporites mocinnii (S22)2795 Polotricolporites sp. (S22)1272 Polotricolporites versabilis (S22)1674 Polyadopollenites "laevigatus" (S52)2661 Polyadopollenites sp. (S79)1278 Polygalaceae type (S48)1286 Polypodiaceaoisporites? sp. 1 (S27)1288 Polypodiaceoisporites potonie (S72)1291 Polypodiaceoisporites sp. (S124)1292 Polypodiaceoisporites? fossulatus (S50)

1294 Polypodiisporites aff. inangahuensis (S125)1295 Polypodiisporites aff. specious (S126)1297 Polypodiisporites echinatus (S50)1298 Polypodiisporites pachyexinatus (S50)2064 Polypodiisporites sp. (S127)1301 Polypodiisporites sp. 3 (S50)1302 Polypodiisporites sp. 4 (S27)2820 Proteacidites aff. triangulatus (S64)1322 Proteacidites dehaani (S23)668 Proteacidites sigalii (S128)1324 Proteacidites spp. (S129)1326 Proteacidites triangulatus (S64)2823 Proxapertites aff. cursus (S69)4186 Proxapertites aff. operculatus (S96)2826 Proxapertites aff. tertiaria (S92)1334 Proxapertites cursus (S69)1336 Proxapertites humbertoides (S47)1337 Proxapertites magnus (S38)1343 Proxapertites minutus (S83)1344 Proxapertites operculatus (S96)1351 Proxapertites proxapertitoides (S22)1352 Proxapertites psilatus (S47)2837 Proxapertites sp. (S96)1359 Proxapertites tertiaria (S92)1361 Proxapertites verrucatus (S47)1367 Pseudostephanocolpites perfectus (S22)1372 Psilabrevitricolpites sp. 1 (S50)1374 Psilabrevitricolporites simpliformis (S93)1378 Psilabrevitricolporites sp. (S93)1376 Psilabrevitricolporites sp. 2 (S50)1379 Psilabrevitricolporites triangularis (S50)4190 Psiladiporites "annulatus" (S52)1383 Psiladiporites redundantis (S22)1384 Psiladiporites sp. 1 (S27)1385 Psiladiporites spp. (S130)3257 Psilamonocolpites "divisus" (S52)1386 Psilamonocolpites "longiverrucosus" (S52)1387 Psilamonocolpites "macrobaculatus" (S52)1388 Psilamonocolpites "operculatus" (S52)1391 Psilamonocolpites grandis (S92)1392 Psilamonocolpites medius (S92)1398 Psilamonocolpites minutus (S92)2208 Psilamonocolpites operculatus (S20)1399 Psilamonocolpites rinconii (S99)2859 Psilamonocolpites sp. (S92)1402 Psilamonocolpites sp. 2 (S27)2233 Psilaperiporites "intensus" (S52)2866 Psilaperiporites "magnooscurus" (S52)2867 Psilaperiporites "normalis" (S52)2868 Psilaperiporites "oscurus" (S52)2276 Psilaperiporites “psilatus” (S52)1413 Psilaperiporites minimus (S95)1415 Psilaperiporites robustus (S95)2876 Psilaperiporites sp. (S95)1429 Psilastephanoc fissilis (S63)

1425 Psilastephanocolpites sp. (S63)1423 Psilastephanocolpites sp. 3 (S27)1427 Psilastephanocolpites verrucosus (S22)2887 Psilastephanocolporites "erodatus" (S52)2889 Psilastephanocolporites "languidus" (S52)2892 Psilastephanocolporites aff. "erodatus"(S52)1428 Psilastephanocolporites brevicolpatus (S50)2257 Psilastephanocolporites matapiorum (S131)2894 Psilastephanocolporites sp. (S63)2897 Psilastephanoporites aff. herngreenii (S67)1434 Psilastephanoporites herngreenii (S67)2899 Psilastephanoporites sp. (S67)1438 Psilastephanoporites sp. 3 (S27)1440 Psilastephanoporites stellatus (S95)2184 Psilasyncolpites sp. (S52)2903 Psilasyncolporites sp. (S52)1443 Psilasyncolporites sp. 1 (S50)1445 Psilasyncolporites? sp. 5 (S27)2910 Psilatricolpites "atectatus" (S52)2911 Psilatricolpites "delicatus" (S52)1447 Psilatricolpites "hispidus" (S52)2907 Psilatricolpites "musicalis" (S52)2915 Psilatricolpites "uribensis" (S52)1455 Psilatricolpites minutus (S22)2929 Psilatricolpites NI280 (S52)1457 Psilatricolpites papilioniformis (S95)2932 Psilatricolpites sp. (S98)2936 Psilatricolporites "angularis" (S52)2940 Psilatricolporites "incisivus" (S52)1465 Psilatricolporites "regularis" (S52)2948 Psilatricolporites "reticularis" (S52)2950 Psilatricolporites "timidus" (S52)2952 Psilatricolporites "ulceratus" (S52)2953 Psilatricolporites aff. "lunarensis" (S52)2955 Psilatricolporites aff. desilvae (S67)2957 Psilatricolporites aff. labiatus (S67)4017 Psilatricolporites ARE103 (S52)2267 Psilatricolporites atalayensis (S67)1468 Psilatricolporites caribbiensis (S38)1472 Psilatricolporites costatus (S83)1476 Psilatricolporites devriesi (S64)1477 Psilatricolporites divisus (S95)2964 Psilatricolporites G21280 (S52)2978 Psilatricolporites labiatus (S67)1484 Psilatricolporites pachydermatus (S64)1486 Psilatricolporites polaroides (S22)2983 Psilatricolporites sp. (S132)3575 Psilatricolporites undulatus (S88)2990 Psilatriletes "crassuliconcavoides" (S52)2247 Psilatriletes < 25 (S52)2248 Psilatriletes > 50 (S52)3889 Psilatriletes AP116 (S52)1506 Psilatriletes martinensis (S47)2246 Psilatriletes sp. 25-50 (S52)3896 Psilatriporites AP69 (S52)

3005 Psilatriporites sp. (S98)1516 Psilatriporites sp. 1 (S27)3721 Psilatriporites sp. A (S52)3722 Psilatriporites sp. B (S52)3724 Psilodiporites sp. A (S52)3012 Pteris sp. (S48)1528 Punctatisporites spp. (S54)1530 Racemonocolpites facilis (S22)1531 Racemonocolpites macrogemmatus (S38)1532 Racemonocolpites racematus (S22)1533 Racemonocolpites romanus (S22)1535 Racemonocolpites sp. 1 (S50)1534 Racemonocolpites spp. (S22)1539 Ranunculacidites operculatus (S50)2269 Retibrevicolpites yavarensis (S67)1545 Retibrevitricolpites retibolus (S63)1546 Retibrevitricolpites sp. (S50)1547 Retibrevitricolpites sp. 2 (S50)1548 Retibrevitricolpites triangulatus (S69)1550 Retibrevitricolpites? sp. 1 (S50)3039 Retibrevitricolporites aff. speciosus (S133)1552 Retibrevitricolporites grandis (S50)3618 Retibrevitricolporites grandis? (S50)3040 Retibrevitricolporites sp. (S134)1555 Retibrevitricolporites sp. 1 (S27)1556 Retibrevitricolporites speciosus (S50)1557 Retibrevitricolporites spp. (S134)1559 Reticrassipollenites sp. 1 (S27)1562 Retidiporites botulus (S63)1563 Retidiporites elongatus (S47)1564 Retidiporites magdalenensis (S92)3043 Retidiporites sp. (S130)1570 Retiheterocolpites tertiarius (S22)1574 Retimonocolpites bernardii (S22)1575 Retimonocolpites claris (S47)1573 Retimonocolpites longapertitoides (S47)1576 Retimonocolpites longicolpatus (S64)1578 Retimonocolpites retifossulatus (S64)3049 Retimonocolpites sp. (S66)1581 Retimonocolpites sp. 1 (S27)1582 Retimonocolpites splendidus (S22)1584 Retimonocolpites tertiarius (S22)3681 Retimonoletes sp. (S66)3054 Retiperiporites spp. (S135)4135 Retipollenites "irregularis" (S52)3915 Retipollenites AP136 (S52)1589 Retipollenites confusus (S22)3059 Retipollenites sp. (S22)1593 Retipollenites sp. 3 (S27)1596 Retistephanocolpites angeli (S63)3064 Retistephanocolpites sp. (S63)1604 Retistephanocolpites sp. 1 (S50)1609 Retistephanocolpites williamsi (S23)3619 Retistephanocolporites aff. festivus (S22)1610 Retistephanocolporites festivus (S22)

1611 Retistephanocolporites fossulatus (S50)3066 Retistephanocolporites sp. (S80)3068 Retistephanoporites aff. angelicus (S22)1614 Retistephanoporites angelicus (S22)3069 Retistephanoporites angelicus var. "minor"(S52)1616 Retistephanoporites crassiannulatus (S64)1619 Retistephanoporites minutiporus (S50)3070 Retistephanoporites sp. (S22)1833 Retisyncolpites "lowei" (S52)4137 Retisyncolpites "simplex" (S52)2904 Retisyncolpites sp. (S52)1623 Retisyncolporites "spinosus" (S52)1624 Retisyncolporites angularis (S22)1625 Retisyncolporites aureus (S22)3077 Retisyncolporites sp. (S22)1628 Retisyncolporites sp. 2 (S50)3730 Retisyncolporites sp. A (S52)3082 Retitrescolpites aff. baculatus (S50)1632 Retitrescolpites baculatus (S50)1633 Retitrescolpites magnus (S50)1636 Retitrescolpites peculiaris (S50)1637 Retitrescolpites saturum (S50)4364 Retitrescolpites sp. (S126)1640 Retitrescolpites? irregularis (S50)4138 Retitricolpites "clavatus" (S52)1647 Retitricolpites "compactus" (S52)2238 Retitricolpites "finitus" (S52)3307 Retitricolpites "gigas" (S52)3093 Retitricolpites "insignus" (S52)1658 Retitricolpites amapaensis (S95)2185 Retitricolpites brevicolpites (S47)1672 Retitricolpites constrictus (S22)3113 Retitricolpites G23200 (S52)1679 Retitricolpites josephinae (S47)1682 Retitricolpites maledictus (S22)1683 Retitricolpites maturus (S22)1685 Retitricolpites microreticulatus (S80)1687 Retitricolpites minutus (S22)1689 Retitricolpites perforatus (S22)1693 Retitricolpites simplex (S22)1695 Retitricolpites simplex var. "minor" (S52)3124 Retitricolpites sp. (S80)3732 Retitricolpites sp. B (S52)1699 Retitricolpites striatus (S22)1703 Retitricolporites "bellus" (S52)3129 Retitricolporites "castellanus" (S52)3131 Retitricolporites "cercoides" (S52)3133 Retitricolporites "colpicostatus" (S52)4140 Retitricolporites "colpiocultus" (S52)1705 Retitricolporites "esponjosus" (S52)3138 Retitricolporites "foveolaris" (S52)3140 Retitricolporites "magnoguianensis" (S52)3141 Retitricolporites "nifunifatis" (S52)1706 Retitricolporites "pachydermus" (S52)2239 Retitricolporites "planopolaris" (S52)

3143 Retitricolporites "semibombax" (S52)3148 Retitricolporites 118 (S52)3153 Retitricolporites aff. craceus (S22)3155 Retitricolporites aff. kaarsii (S67)3157 Retitricolporites aff. oblatus (S131)1716 Retitricolporites amazonensis (S95)1717 Retitricolpites americana (S69)4025 Retitricolporites ARE111 (S52)1725 Retitricolporites craceus (S22)4029 Retitricolporites CRE103 (S52)1727 Retitricolporites equatorialis (S22)1737 Retitricolporites kaarsii (S67)2187 Retitricolporites maturus (S22)1740 Retitricolporites medius (S22)1741 Retitricolporites minutus (S22)1743 Retitricolporites quadrosi (S95)3184 Retitricolporites sp. (S80)3733 Retitricolporites sp. A (S52)4365 Retitriletes "cristatus" (S52)1750 Retitriletes sommeri (S95)3192 Retitriletes sp. (S53)1752 Retitriletes sp. 1 (S50)1754 Retitriletes sp. 3 (S27)3196 Retitriporites aff. dubiosus (S22)1759 Retitriporites amplireticulatus (S50)1761 Retitriporites dubiosus (S22)1762 Retitriporites federicii (S22)1763 Retitriporites poricostatus (S50)3201 Retitriporites sp. (S96)3739 Retitriporites sp. A (S52)1779 Rhoipites cienagensis (S136)1780 Rhoipites guianensis (S50)1782 Rhoipites hispidus (S50)1783 Rhoipites sp. 1 (S50)1784 Rhoipites sp. 4 (S27)3599 Rhoipites spp. (S119)1789 Rhoipites? sp. 2 (S50)1791 Riccia type (S48)1796 Rousea florentina (S50)3213 Rubiaceae type (S48)3578 Rugomonocolpites spp. (S52)3214 Rugotricolpites "colpielongatus" (S52)2270 Rugotricolpites "intensus" (S52)3216 Rugotricolpites sp. (S47)1801 Rugotricolporites felix (S22)3227 Salvinia spp. (S48)1809 Sapotaceae type (S48)3232 Scabramonocolpites sp. (S107)1814 Scabramonoletes? sp. 1 (S50)3238 Scabrastephanoporites sp. (S52)4145 Scabrasyncolpites "microperforatus" (S52)3744 Scabratisporites sp. A (S52)3241 Scabratricolpites sp. (S137)2142 Scabratricolporites planetensis (S83)3249 Scabratricolporites sp. (S96)

4147 Scabratriletes "granularis" (S52)4148 Scabratriletes "puntacrassiexinatus" (S52)3251 Scabratriletes "sphericus" (S52)3254 Scabratriletes sp. (S47)355 Scabratriporites aff. anellus (S97)3581 Scabratriporites cf. samoilovitchii (S138)3260 Scabratriporites sp. (S97)1275 Schizaeosporites columbiae (S139)3265 Schizosporis spp. (S140)1862 Siltaria mariposa (S50)1863 Siltaria media (S50)1864 Siltaria sp. 1 (S50)1865 Siltaria sp. 2 (S50)1866 Siltaria sp. 3 (S50)1867 Siltaria sp. 4 (S50)1868 Siltaria sp. 5 (S50)1869 Siltaria sp. 6 (S27)1870 Siltaria sp. 7 (S27)1895 Spinizonocolpites "flat spines" (S52)3284 Spinizonocolpites aff. echinatus (S91)1897 Spinizonocolpites baculatus (S91)1898 Spinizonocolpites breviechinatus (S50)3600 Spinizonocolpites cf. baculatus (S91)1899 Spinizonocolpites echinatus (S91)1900 Spinizonocolpites grandis (S50)1903 Spinizonocolpites pachyexinatus (S50)2192 Spinizonocolpites prominatus (S141)3288 Spinizonocolpites sp. (S91)1907 Spinizonocolpites tertiaria (S92)3292 Spinonapites sp. (S132)1910 Spinozonocolpites sutae (S47)1911 Spirosyncolpites clavatus (S22)3293 Spirosyncolpites sp. (S22)1913 Spirosyncolpites spiralis (S22)1920 Stephanocolpites costatus (S98)3305 Stephanoporites sp. (S98)1495 Stephanosyncolporites spp. (S52)3309 Striamonocolpites spp. (S52)3965 Striapollenites AP51 (S52)1923 Striastephanocolporites sp. 1 (S27)3314 Striatopollis aff. tenuistriatus (S50)1925 Striatopollis catatumbus (S113)3316 Striatopollis sp. (S51)1927 Striatopollis sp. 1 (S50)1929 Striatopollis? tenuistriatus (S50)1933 Striatricolpites gracilis (S22)3320 Striatricolpites sp. (S22)3322 Striatricolporites "inciertus" (S52)4149 Striatricolporites "microperforatus" (S52)1935 Striatricolporites digitatus (S50)3325 Striatricolporites sp. (S63)1936 Striatricolporites sp. 1 (S50)1937 Striatricolporites sp. 2 (S27)1938 Striatricolporites sp. 3 (S27)1941 Striatricolporites undulatus (S85)

1942 Striatriletes "saccolommicites" (S52)3330 Syncolpites sp. (S98)2271 Syncolporites "deltoides" (S52)3332 Syncolporites "pseudoporicostatus" (S52)4194 Syncolporites aff. lisamae (S98)1954 Syncolporites lisamae (S98)1955 Syncolporites marginatus (S97)1957 Syncolporites poricostatus (S69)3336 Syncolporites sp. (S69)1959 Syncolporites sp. 1 (S50)2199 Syndemicolpites typicus (S97)1964 Syntricolporites gonzalezii (S99)2249 T. transversalis-maculosus cpx (S50)4152 Tetracolporites "poriannulatus" (S52)1979 Tetracolporites pachyexinatus (S50)1980 Tetracolporites psilatus (S50)1981 Tetracolporopollenites maculosus (S50)1983 Tetracolporopollenites spongiosus (S50)1984 Tetracolporopollenites transversalis (S50)3349 Tetracolporopollenites? "operculatus" (S52)1985 Tetracolporopollenites? sp. 2 (S50)1987 Tetradites sp. (S98)1988 Tetradites umirensis (S98)3352 Tetrads (S52)3533 Todisporites sp. (S90)2004 Trichotomosulcites sp. (S57)4196 Tricolpites "psilatus" (S52)4197 Tricolpites aff. microreticulatus (S142)2007 Tricolpites antonii (S50)4032 Tricolpites ARE103 (S52)2008 Tricolpites clarensis (S50)2009 Tricolpites protoclarensis (S50)3370 Tricolpites sp. (S142)3382 Trilites sp. (S57)3383 Trilongicolpites aff. perbonus (S52)2030 Triplanosporites sp. 1 (S60)2033 Triporoletes sp. (S52)2042 Trudopollis spp. (S79)2046 Tuberositriletes sp. 2 (S27)2050 Tuberositriletes verrucatus (S50)2051 Tuberositriletes? sp. 1 (S50)2052 Ulmoideipites krempii (S68)3405 Ulmoideipites sp. (S143)2059 Venezuelites globoannulatus (S38)2060 Venezuelites? distinctus (S50)3410 Verrucatosporites "gemmatus" (S52)2243 Verrucatosporites usmensis (S23)2205 Verrucatotriletes bullatus (S97)2080 Verrucosisporites spp. (S144)2083 Verrumonocolpites sp. 1 (S27)3417 Verrumonocolpites spp. (S66)3419 Verruperiporites sp. (S52)4154 Verrupollenites "echinatus" (S52)3980 Verrupollenites A51 (S52)2086 Verrustephanocolpites rugulatus (S50)

3423 Verrustephanocolpites sp. (S92)3579 Verrustephanocolporites spp. (S88)3424 Verrustephanoporites sp. (S63)2087 Verrustephanoporites sp. 1 (S50)3427 Verrutricolpites sp. (S66)4198 Verrutricolporites aff. reticulatus (S50)2092 Verrutricolporites haplites (S22)2093 Verrutricolporites reticulatus (S50)2095 Verrutricolporites rotundiporus (S80)3432 Verrutricolporites sp. (S134)3757 Verrutricolporites sp. C (S52)3436 Verrutriletes "cuasiscabratus" (S52)2099 Verrutriletes "deformis" (S52)3438 Verrutriletes "gemmacoides" (S52)2241 Verrutriletes "magnoviruelensis" (S52)4160 Verrutriletes "negativus" (S52)3442 Verrutriletes "ocasionalis" (S52)2101 Verrutriletes "viruelensis" (S52)3447 Verrutriletes sp. (S59)2104 Verrutriletes sp. 1 (S27)3450 Verrutriporites sp. (S91)2110 Wilsonipites margocolpatus (S38)3474 Zlivisporis "gibraltarensis" (S52)2119 Zlivisporis blanensis (S123)3475 Zlivisporis sp. (S75)2122 Zonocostites minor (S50)2123 Zonocostites ramonae (S23)2128 Zonocostites sp. (S23)2129 Zonotricolpites lineaus (S47)3603 Zonotricolpites spp. (S47)2130 Zonotricolpites variabilis (S47)3784 Zonotriletes sp. (S145)

Site slope interceptb3A m b

-5750.000000 -14050.000000 -4300.000000 -13167.000000 0.61 -10542.5 -4300.000000 -13167.000000 -3240.000000 -12870.000000 0.28 -11963 -3240.000000 -12870.000000 -2040.000000 -11310.000000 1.3 -8658 -2040.000000 -11310.000000 -1590.000000 -10890.000000 0.93 -9412.8 -1590.000000 -10890.000000 -820.000000 -9750.000000 1.48 -8536.8 -820.000000 -9750.000000 -350.000000 -9390.000000 0.77 -9118.6

b15 m b -10027.000000 -15319.000000 -9656.890000 -15222.580000 0.26 -12712 -9656.890000 -15222.580000 -9013.120000 -15045.000000 0.28 -12518.7 -9013.120000 -15045.000000 -8992.150000 -14982.000000 3 11994.36 -8992.150000 -14982.000000 -8600.000000 -14771.580000 0.54 -10126.2 -8600.000000 -14771.580000 -7711.000000 -14162.000000 0.69 -8837.58

b3B m b -12862.540000 -16729.750000 -11344.030000 -16390.000000 0.22 -13900 -11344.030000 -16390.000000 -10527.010000 -16285.000000 0.13 -14915.3 -10527.010000 -16285.000000 -9882.050000 -16285.000000 0 -16285 -9882.050000 -16285.000000 -9656.890000 -16248.000000 0.16 -14703.9 -9656.890000 -16248.000000 -9013.120000 -16114.100000 0.21 -14220.1 -9013.120000 -16114.100000 -8992.000000 -16112.200000 0.09 -15302.9 -8992.000000 -16112.200000 -8600.000000 -16000.200000 0.29 -13504.5 -8600.000000 -16000.200000 -7711.000000 -15510.000000 0.55 -11270.2 -7711.000000 -15510.000000 -7197.632509 -15314.908137 0.38 -12579.8 -7197.600000 -15314.910000 -6610.000000 -15150.000000 0.28 -13299.6

cg3 m b -11674.664311 -3978.897638 -10536.855124 -3160.000000 0.71 4310.12 -10536.855124 -3170.498688 -10091.000000 -1790.000000 3.07 29188.13 -10091.000000 -1790.000000 -10057.000000 -1490.000000 8.82 87212.62 -10057.000000 -1490.000000 -9973.000000 -1310.000000 2.14 20031.98 -9973.000000 -1310.000000 -9936.000000 -1040.000000 7.3 71492.9 -9936.000000 -1040.000000 -9656.890000 -160.000000 3.15 30258.4

c5 m b

Table S4. Graphic Correlation equations. All values are given in feet. All equations are linear models that compare a section against the reference section (reference section is g1). Each well has a unique line of correlation (LOC) versus the reference section. This LOC is usually divided in several segments. The end points of each segment of the LOC are given in pairs. Whereas the number to the left corresponds to a depth in the reference section, the number to the right corresponds to a depth in the chosen section. The values of the intercept (b) and the slope (m) are given for each segment of the LOC.

-12862.540000 -18250.500000 -11771.980000 -18117.080000 0.12 -16707 -11771.980000 -18117.080000 -10842.150000 -17866.920000 0.27 -14938.7 -10842.150000 -17866.920000 -10530.280000 -17776.000000 0.29 -14722.7 -10530.280000 -17776.000000 -9656.000000 -17776.000000 0 -17776 -9656.000000 -17776.000000 -9043.000000 -17526.000000 0.41 -13817 -9043.000000 -17526.000000 -7711.000000 -17067.000000 0.34 -14451.4 -7711.000000 -17067.000000 -7384.920000 -16818.500000 0.76 -11206.6 -7384.920000 -16818.500000 -6610.000000 -16697.000000 0.16 -15636.9

t1 m b -8608.700000 -1046.100000 -8600.000000 -1033.100000 1.49 11780.86 -8600.000000 -1033.100000 -7987.000000 -1003.600000 0.05 -603.1 -7987.000000 -1003.600000 -7761.180000 -890.700000 0.5 2989.9 -7761.180000 -890.700000 -7330.000000 -508.500000 0.89 6016.75 -7330.000000 -508.500000 -6756.980000 -38.100000 0.82 5502.1 -6756.980000 -38.100000 -6628.600000 0.000000 0.3 1988.99

n1 m b -6610.000000 -4490.000000 -6050.000000 -4090.000000 0.71 203.1 -6050.000000 -4090.000000 -5990.000000 -3940.000000 2.5 11035 -5990.000000 -3940.000000 -5750.000000 -3310.000000 2.63 11813.7 -5750.000000 -3310.000000 -5060.000000 -2710.000000 0.87 1692.5 -5060.000000 -2710.000000 -4300.000000 -1120.000000 2.09 7865.4 -4300.000000 -1120.000000 -3940.000000 -760.000000 1 3180 -3940.000000 -760.000000 -3390.000000 -460.000000 0.55 1407 -3390.000000 -460.000000 -3240.000000 -250.000000 1.4 4286

P11 m b -8992.150000 -693.200000 -8748.790000 -418.600000 1.13 9467.93 -8748.790000 -418.600000 -8600.000000 -11.200000 2.74 23553.08

pinalerita m b -9043.000000 -2574.000000 -9013.000000 -2474.000000 3.33 27539.19 -9013.000000 -2474.000000 -8992.150000 -2309.100000 7.91 68818.83 -8992.150000 -2309.100000 -8600.000000 -1700.000000 1.55 11628.73 -8600.000000 -1700.000000 -7987.000000 -1553.100000 0.24 364 -7987.000000 -1553.100000 -6700.470000 -407.500000 0.89 5555.33 -6700.470000 -407.500000 -6610.000000 -230.300000 1.96 12725.42 -6610.000000 -230.300000 -5990.000000 0.000000 0.37 2215.4

r1 m b -12862.540000 -15949.660000 -10842.150000 -15855.500000 0.05 -15306.5 -10842.150000 -15855.500000 -10527.010000 -15610.000000 0.78 -7398.62 -10527.010000 -15610.000000 -10391.360000 -15544.900000 0.48 -10557 -10391.360000 -15544.900000 -9882.050000 -15544.000000 0 -15544.9 -9882.050000 -15544.900000 -9656.890000 -15496.000000 0.22 -13370.9 -9656.890000 -15496.000000 -9043.000000 -15340.500000 0.25 -13081.8 -9043.000000 -15340.500000 -7779.200000 -15000.250000 0.27 -12898.9 -7779.200000 -15000.250000 -7711.000000 -14950.000000 0.74 -9243.64 -7711.000000 -14950.000000 -7384.920000 -14788.250000 0.5 -11094.5 -7384.920000 -14788.250000 -7228.580000 -14691.920000 0.62 -10209.6 -7228.580000 -14691.920000 -6757.000000 -14609.680000 0.17 -13463.1 -6757.000000 -14609.680000 -6610.000000 -14584.000000 0.17 -13461 -6610.000000 -14584.000000 -6441.200000 -14574.000000 0.06 -14187.4 -6441.200000 -14574.000000 -5750.000000 -12938.000000 2.37 691.64 -5750.000000 -12938.000000 -4300.000000 -11630.000000 0.9 -7763 -4300.000000 -11630.000000 -2040.000000 -9850.000000 0.79 -8233 -2040.000000 -9850.000000 -1560.000000 -9670.000000 0.38 -9074.8 -1560.000000 -9670.000000 -820.000000 -8410.000000 1.7 -7018 -820.000000 -8410.000000 -350.000000 -8050.000000 0.77 -7778.6

REGADERA m b -7711.000000 -1004.000000 -7660.000000 -902.500000 1.99 14340.89 -7660.000000 -902.500000 -7330.000000 -680.000000 0.67 4229.7 -7330.000000 -680.000000 -6700.000000 -140.000000 0.86 5623.8 -6700.000000 -140.000000 -6610.000000 -68.200000 0.8 5220 -6610.000000 -68.200000 -5990.000000 -48.900000 0.03 130.1

RIOLORO m b -13053.500000 -3999.300000 -9973.000000 -931.000000 1 9054.2 -9973.000000 -931.000000 -9936.000000 -908.800000 0.6 5052.8 -9936.000000 -908.800000 -9278.000000 -649.000000 0.39 2966.24 -9278.000000 -649.000000 -9013.000000 -456.000000 0.73 6123.94 -9013.000000 -456.000000 -8992.000000 -342.000000 5.43 48484.59 -8992.000000 -342.000000 -8823.000000 -134.500000 1.23 10718.16 -8823.000000 -134.500000 -8600.000000 -114.000000 0.09 659.57 -8600.000000 -114.000000 -7987.000000 -103.300000 0.02 58 -7987.000000 -103.300000 -7660.000000 -78.700000 0.08 535.66 -7660.000000 -78.700000 -6700.000000 -39.400000 0.04 227.7 -6700.000000 -39.400000 -6410.000000 -39.400000 0 39.4 -6410.000000 -39.400000 -5990.000000 -36.100000 0.01 24.7

ro14 m b -12862.540000 -5752.500000 -11063.720000 -5352.500000 0.22 -2922.74 -11063.720000 -5352.500000 -10842.150000 -4952.500000 1.81 14672.83 -10842.150000 -4952.500000 -10391.360000 -3302.500000 3.66 34729.77 -10391.360000 -3302.500000 -9945.000000 -2747.500000 1.24 9582.79 -9945.000000 -2747.500000 -9936.000000 -2697.500000 5.56 52546.7 -9936.000000 -2697.500000 -9656.890000 -2502.000000 0.7 4257.7

SUTATAUZA m b -12862.540000 -3273.300000 -11500.150000 -2631.200000 0.47 2772.09 -11500.150000 -2631.200000 -10421.780000 -1719.200000 0.85 7143.93 -10421.780000 -1719.200000 -10091.000000 -1200.800000 1.57 14642.99 -10091.000000 -1200.800000 -10057.000000 -1082.700000 3.47 33814.97 -10057.000000 -1082.700000 -9973.000000 -885.800000 2.34 22450.68

t182 m b -10001.000000 -4860.000000 -9973.000000 -4760.000000 3.57 30843.57 -9973.000000 -4760.000000 -9945.000000 -4730.000000 1.07 5911.11 -9945.000000 -4730.000000 -9656.890000 -4640.000000 0.31 -1647.05 -9656.890000 -4640.000000 -8992.150000 -4380.000000 0.39 -873.81 -8992.150000 -4380.000000 -8818.000000 -3985.000000 2.27 16032.18 -8818.000000 -3985.000000 -8600.000000 -3710.000000 1.26 7125.68 -8600.000000 -3710.000000 -8151.000000 -3380.000000 0.73 2568 -8151.000000 -3380.000000 -7711.000000 -3015.000000 0.83 3385.33 -7711.000000 -3015.000000 -6350.000000 -2310.000000 0.52 994.72 -6350.000000 -2310.000000 -5990.000000 -2015.000000 0.82 2897 -5990.000000 -2015.000000 -3240.000000 -280.000000 0.63 1758.7

Sample RioLoro Meters 13C (per mil) S.D d13C TOC TMAX S1 S2 S3 IHICPMFX 780 - -ICPMF 01 899 -25.323 0.046ICPMF 02 902.5 -26.148 0.016 0.404 423 0.5 1.14 0.2 282.5ICPMF 03 909.2 -25.596 0.117 0.688 443 0.1 0.7 0.9 101.7ICPMF 04 914.8 -25.495 0.014 0.207 435 0 0.12 0.9 58.1ICPMF04a 914.8 - - 0.366 354 0.3 1.61 0.6 439.4ICPMF 05 918 -26.019 0.025ICPMF 05 918 - -ICPMF 06 921.5 - - 0.323 445 0.020 0.180 1.130 55.728ICPMF 07 926 - - 0.160 442 0.030 0.040 0.400 24.984ICPMF08 928 - - 0.591 440 0.120 0.300 0.890 50.796ICP MF 09 934 -25.701 0.038 0.378 444 0.150 0.140 0.290 37.057ICPMF 10 937.5 -25.925 0.168 0.265 442 0.430 0.220 0.560 82.988ICPMF 11 943 -25.990 0.085 0.532 448 0.050 0.230 0.320 43.266ICPMF 12 945.5 -26.043 0.086 0.618 446 0.050 0.380 0.290 61.459ICP MF 13 950 -25.032 0.025 0.517 446 0.050 0.310 0.430 59.927ICPMF 14 952.7 -25.797 0.055 0.444 448 0.050 0.200 0.400 45.096ICPMF 15 957.5 -26.183 0.065 0.376 445 0.040 0.180 0.190 47.847ICPMF 17 963 -26.192 0.071 0.812 442 0.050 0.510 0.210 62.785ICPMF 21 977.5 -26.705 0.066 4.446 447 0.390 21.730 0.170 488.754ICPMF 22 982 -24.701 0.253 0.595 441 0.050 0.480 0.760 80.713ICPMF 23 985.5 -25.667 0.013 0.414 440 0.310 0.300 0.390 72.429ICPMF 24 990.3 - - 0.181 338 0.180 0.090 0.490 49.696ICPMF 25 991 -22.213 0.653 0.145 441 0.000 0.010 0.070 6.920ICPMF 28 1010 - - 0.618 431 0.2 1.38 0.3 223.3ICPMF 30 1016.5 -26.524 0.001 0.901 443 0.060 1.130 0.360 125.402

Table S6. Stable carbon isotope (δ13C ) stratigraphy for the Rio Loro Section (Fig. S2). Whereas isotopic values averaging -25.71 ‰ are concentrated in the 900 to 1082 meters interval, the interval 1125 to 1210 meters shows a more positive value (average -25.13 ‰). This difference is statistically significant (t-test, p

ICPMF32 1026.5 -26.289 0.322 0.500 437 0.080 0.710 0.120 142.142ICPMF 34 1040 -25.690 0.029 7.409 430 0.200 17.160 0.550 231.610ICPMF 36 1045.5 -26.046 0.031 4.650 439 0.090 7.880 0.930 169.462ICPMF 37 1051.5 -26.554 0.051 0.567 445 0.030 0.350 0.380 61.685ICPMF 38 1057 -26.044 0.034 0.484 416 0.1 0.56 0.7 115.7ICPMF 39 1061.5 -24.158 0.001 0.491 445 0.010 0.170 0.380 34.630ICPMF41 1070.5 - -ICP MF 44 1081.5 -26.750 0.151 0.468 436 0.1 1.16 0.2 248.1ICP MF 52 1125 -24.781 0.111ICPMF 53 1125.5 -25.065 0.028ICPMF 55 1133 -25.177 0.099 1.007 436 0.2 1.31 0.5 130.1ICPMF 56b 1139.4 -24.720 0.018ICPMF 56A 1139.4 -25.468 0.035ICP MF 57a 1141.3 -25.755 0.211 6.534 436 0.4 13.82 2.2 211.5ICPMF 57b 1141.5 -25.366 0.205 4.832 432 0.3 9.57 2.1 198.1ICP MF 57c 1141.7 -25.664 0.093 4.555 434 0.4 9.71 1.7 213.2ICPMF 57D 1142 -25.072 0.018 1.418 438 0.1 1.36 0.8 95.9ICP MF 57e 1142.15 -25.349 0.055 1.734 436 0.1 2.12 1 122.3ICPMF 57F 1142.4 -25.658 0.179ICP MF 57g 1142.5 -25.559 0.151 3.100 433 0.2 5.46 1.1 176.1ICPMF 57h 1142.7 -25.563 0.033 5.045 433 0.4 13.43 1.1 266.2ICPMF 57i 1142.9 -25.386 0.012 10.440 429 1.1 29.42 2.1 281.8ICP MF 57j 1143.3 -25.804 0.156 9.308 431 0.9 23.71 2.6 254.7ICPMF 59 1148.9 -25.558 0.023 1.271 433 0.3 2.42 0.7 190.4ICPMF 60a 1152.1 -25.262 0.042 1.313 437 0.1 1.15 1.1 87.6ICPMF 61 1156.5 -24.359 0.013 0.579 361 0.2 1.07 0.9 184.8ICPMF 61A 1158.8 -24.671 0.104ICPMF 62A 1159.8 -25.094 0.612ICPMF 62b 1159.9 -24.682 0.007ICPMF 63a 1164.4 -25.373 0.605 0.372 419 0.1 0.69 0.3 185.4ICPMF 63b 1166.4 -24.798 0.074 0.338 439 0 0.13 0.4 38.5ICPMF 64a 1171.5 -25.073 0.028ICPMF 64B 1171.6 -25.097 0.258ICP MF 65a 1172 -25.228 0.000 0.909 436 0.2 1.41 0.3 155.1ICP MF 65b 1173.9 -24.757 0.149 0.956 438 0.1 0.76 0.5 79.5ICP MF 65c 1174 -24.668 0.047 0.905 437 0.1 0.74 0.5 81.7

ICPMF 66a 1177.2 -24.789 0.019 1.112 436 0.1 0.88 0.2 79.1ICPMF 66b 1178.5 -24.754 0.039 1.737 438 0.1 2.74 0.3 157.7ICPMF 67A 1183.2 -24.947 0.273ICP MF 68a 1184.3 -24.554 0.077ICPMF 68b 1186.1 -25.273 0.016ICP MF 69a 1188.2 -24.038 0.216ICPMF 69b 1189.8 -25.156 0.090ICPMF 69C 1192.4 -24.827 0.267ICPMF 70a 1195.9 -24.077 0.146ICPMF 70b 1196.4 -25.032 0.607ICPMF 70C 1196.9 -25.457 0.104ICP MF 71a 1197.2 -25.361 0.045ICPMF 71b 1197.7 -25.722 0.059ICPMF 74 1210 -26.018 0.124ICP MF75 1217 -25.208 0.045 0.974 433 0.3 1.59 0.8 163.3

21

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(1966). S70. R. A. Couper, New Zealand Geological Survey Paleont. Bull. 32, 1 (1960). S71. E. Boltenhagen, Pollen et Spores 9, 335 (1967). S72. M. Kedves, Pollen et Spores 3, 101 (1961). S73. S. Senesse, C. Gruas-Cavagnetto, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 66, 13 (1990). S74. W. C. Elsik, Pollen et Spores 8, 553 (1966). S75. W. Krutzsch, Geologie 15, 16 (1966). S76. S. A. J. Pocock, Palaeontographica Abt. B 130, 12 (1970). S77. R. Potonié, J. Gelletich, Gesell. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin Sitzungsber. Jahrg.

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