supporting student success: exploring evidence of critical links between health and learning focus...
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Supporting Student Success:Supporting Student Success:Exploring Evidence of Critical Links Exploring Evidence of Critical Links
between Health and Learningbetween Health and Learning
Focus on Nutrition and Physical ActivityFocus on Nutrition and Physical Activity
A Presentation to the Mississippi A Presentation to the Mississippi State Board of EducationState Board of Education
Jackson, MississippiJackson, MississippiMay 19, 2005May 19, 2005
Harvard School of Public HealthHarvard School of Public HealthPartnerships for Children’s HealthPartnerships for Children’s Health
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What We’ll Do Today
Gain a greater understanding of:
1) The obesity epidemic in America, and current issues in nutrition and physical activity that affect students in Mississippi
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What We’ll Do Today
Gain a greater understanding of:
2) Evidence demonstrating connections to learning and economic costs to our schools
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1990 and 2003
Definitions:
Obesity: having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.
BMI is a measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height (the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters).
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1990 and 2003
The data shown in the following maps were collected through CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
Each year, state health departments use standard procedures to collect data through a series of monthly telephone interviews with U.S. adults.
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Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
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Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24%
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Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
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““Overweight and obesity… Overweight and obesity… have reached epidemic have reached epidemic proportions in the United proportions in the United States…Left unabated, States…Left unabated, overweight and obesity overweight and obesity may soon cause as much may soon cause as much preventable disease and preventable disease and death as cigarette death as cigarette smoking.”smoking.”
- David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D.- David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D.
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Diet and inactivity are cross-cutting risk factors, contributing significantly to four out of the six leading causes of death.
1. Heart Disease 710,760
2. Cancer 553,091
3. Stroke 167,661
4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
122,009
5. Accidents 97,900
6. Diabetes 69,3017. Pneumonia and Influenza 65,313
8. Alzheimer’s Disease 49,558
9. Nephritis 37,251
10. Septicemia 31,224
11. Suicide 29,350
12. Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis
26,552
13. High Blood Pressure 18,073
14. Homicide 16,765
15. Pneumonitis 16,636
Leading Causes of Death, United States
National Center for Health Statistics, CDC/HHS. “Deaths, Percent of Total Deaths, and Death Rates for the 15 Leading Causes of Death in 5-Year Age Groups, by Race and Sex: United States, 2000.” Hyattsville, MD: CDC, 2002.
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Obesity is Associated with an Increased Risk of:
Premature death
Type 2 diabetes
Heart disease
Stroke
Hypertension
High blood cholesterol
Gallbladder disease
Osteoarthritis
Sleep apnea
Asthma
Cancer (endometrial, gallbladder, colon, kidney, and post-menopausal breast)
Complications of pregnancy
Psychological difficulties due to social stigmatization
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1963-70** 1971-74 1976-80 1988-94 1999
Ages 12-19
Ages 6-11
5
4
14
13
Overweight Children and Adolescents*
*>95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based on 2000 CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. **1963-1970 data are from 1963-1965 for children 6-11 years of age and from 1966-1970 for adolescents 12-17 years of age.
National Center for Health Statistics.
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Nine million school-aged children and adolescents are overweight to a
degree that directly affects their health
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High School Students Who Reported Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors
CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003; Mississippi YRBS, 2004 (2003 data).
*Ate <5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day during the 7 days preceding the survey.**Drank <3 glasses of milk per day during the 7 days preceding the survey.***During the 30 days preceding the survey.
7883
5
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Insufficient Consumption ofFruits and Vegetables*
Insufficient Consumption ofMilk**
Used Laxatives or Vomited toLose Weight
Pe
rcen
t
United StatesMississippi
89
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Beverage Intake Among Adolescents Aged 11-18, 1965-1996
Cavadini C et al. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:18-24 (based on USDA surveys).
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1965 1977 1989 1996
Per
cap
ita
gra
ms
con
sum
ed p
er d
ay
Boys Girls
(Soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and fruit drinks)
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High School Students Who Reported Insufficient Physical Activity
CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003; Mississippi YRBS, 2004 (2003 data).
*Vigorous physical activity on <3 of the 7 days preceding the survey.**Neither vigorous or moderate physical activity on any of the 7 days preceding the survey.
33
10
47
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Insufficient Vigorous Physical Activity*
No Physical Activity During the Past Week**
Pe
rcen
tUnited StatesMississippi
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High School Students Who Reported Insufficient Physical Activity
CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003; Mississippi YRBS, 2004 (2003 data).
45
72
38
69
54
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Not Enrolled in PE Class Did Not Attend PE Daily Watched TV 3 or More HoursPer Day (on an average school day)
Pe
rcen
t
77United StatesMississippi
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Health Education Requirements by Grade
33
39 39 41 42 44
2722 20
10 9
3 2
K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
0
10
20
30
40
50
Per
cen
t o
f sc
ho
ols
CDC School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000.
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Physical Education Requirements by Grade
40
51 51 51 52 50
3226 25
1310
6 5
K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Per
cen
t o
f sc
ho
ols
CDC School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000.
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The No Child The No Child Left Behind ActLeft Behind Act
Does not specifically mention school health, though the word “health” appears over 100 times
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Kids have to Kids have to be healthy to be healthy to
learn, and learn, and they have to they have to learn how to learn how to be healthy.be healthy.
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Tools to Assist Schools
Action for Healthy Kids
www.actionforhealthykids.org
Action for Healthy Kids is about creating health-promoting schools that support sound nutrition and physical activity as part of a total learning environment.
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About AFHK
www.actionforhealthykids.org
Our mission:
1. Enhance the learning potential of all children
2. Slow the rate of increase in overweight and obesity
3. Increase efforts that lead to the prevention of overweight and obesity among youth
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About AFHK
www.actionforhealthykids.org
Who we are:
Over 4000 state team members in 50 states and the District of Columbia
A Partner Steering Committee of 47 leading national health and education organizations, including NSBA
A diverse and distinguished board of directors