supporting young children with challenging behavior
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Supporting Young Children with Challenging Behavior. 2010-2011 Special Education Paraprofessional Training Series . December 8, 2010 Dr. De Voka Gordon. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance Network
Supporting Young Children with Challenging Behavior
December 8, 2010Dr. De Voka Gordon
2010-2011 Special Education Paraprofessional Training Series
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PaTTAN’s Mission
The mission of the Pennsylvania Training and
Technical Assistance Network (PaTTAN) is to support the
efforts and initiatives of the Bureau of Special Education, and to build the capacity of
local educational agencies to serve students who receive special education services.
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PDE’s Commitment to Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
Our goal for each child is to ensure Individualized
Education Program (IEP) teams begin with the general
education setting with the use of supplementary aids and
services before considering a more restrictive
environment.
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District, IU, Preschool Agency Policy
Your local district or agency’s
policies regarding paraprofessional job descriptions, duties, and responsibilities provide the final word!
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Agenda
• Define what is meant by an effective workforce
• Examine attitudes toward challenging behavior
• Discuss how to support nurturing and responsive relationships
• View high quality supportive environments
• Develop targeted social emotional supports for young children
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Learner ObjectivesParticipants will:• Describe a framework for addressing
social emotional development and challenging behavior.
• Identify strategies to promote positive behavior practices.
• Identify effective leadership strategies for paraprofessionals.
• Collaborate with appropriate partners to develop strategies for improving children’s social emotional and behavioral outcomes.
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An Evidence Based Framework:The Pyramid Model Approach
• PROMOTION
• PREVENTION
• INTERVENTION
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EFFECTIVE WORKFORCE
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Effective Workforce
Behavior that promotes and sustains the use of positive
behavior practices.
How does this connect to your
professional responsibilities?
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Managing Personal Stress: Thought Control
Calming Thoughts“This child is testing to see where the limits are. My job is to stay calm and help him learn better ways to behave.”
“I can handle this. I am in control. They have just learned some powerful ways to get control. I will teach them more appropriate ways to behave.”
Upsetting Thoughts
“That child is a monster. This is getting ridiculous. He’ll never change.”
“I’m sick of putting out fires!”
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Examining Our Attitudes About Challenging Behaviors
• What behaviors push your buttons?
• How do these behaviors make you feel?•How does this impact your relationship with a child and his/her family?
Activity
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Managing Personal Stress: Thought Control
Calming Thoughts
“I feel undervalued right now – I need to seek support from my peers and supervisor.”
“Having her in my class is going to be a wonderful Professional Development experience.”
Upsetting Thought
“I wonder if the corner grocery is hiring?”
“He ruins everything! This is going to be the worst year of my career.”
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Key Social Emotional Skills Children Need as They Enter School
• Confidence.• Capacity to develop good relationships
with peers and adults.• Concentration and persistence on
challenging tasks.• Ability to effectively communicate
emotions.• Ability to listen to instructions and be
attentive.• Ability to solve social problems.
What do children do when they don’t have each of these skills?
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• When children do not have these skills, they often exhibit challenging behaviors
• We must focus on TEACHING the skills!
Key Social Emotional Skills Children
Need as They Enter School
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Children identified as hard to manage at ages 3-4 have higher probability (50:50) of continuing to have difficulties into adolescence.
17Campbell & Ewing, 1990; Egeland et al., 1990; Fischer, Rolf, Hasazi, & Cummings, 1984
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Some Basic Assumptions
• Challenging behavior usually has a message- I am bored, I am sad, you hurt my feelings, I need some attention.
• Children often use challenging behavior when they don’t have the social or communication skills they need to engage in more appropriate interactions.
• Behavior that persists over time is usually working for the child.
• We need to focus on teaching children what to do in place of the challenging behavior.
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Preschool children are three times more likely to be
“expelled” than children in grades K-12
(Gilliam, 2005)
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Promoting Children’s Success
• Create an environment where EVERY child feels good about coming to school.
• Design an environment that promotes child engagement.
• Focus on teaching children what To Do! • Teach expectations and routines.• Teach skills that children can use in
place of challenging behaviors.
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Nurturing and Responsive
Relationships
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Nurturing and Responsive Relationships
Supportive relationships are essential to promoting healthy social emotional development
How does this connect to your
professional responsibilities?
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Building Relationships with Children
• Helps each child feel accepted in the group.
• Assists children in learning to communicate and get along with others.
• Encourages feelings of empathy and mutual respect among children and adults.
• Provides a supportive environment in which children can learn and practice appropriate and acceptable behaviors as individuals and as a group.
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Building Relationships with Children
Why is it important?• Children with the most challenging
behaviors especially need these relationships
• Adult time and attention are very important when children are behaving appropriately
• Parents and critical partners (such as mental health providers and therapists) need to work together to build children’s social emotional competence to ensure success.
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Building Relationships with Children
Why is it important?• The relationships that we build with
children, families, and colleagues are the foundation of everything we do.
• Building relationships early on make it easier to address problems when they arise.
• Children learn and develop in the context of relationships that are responsive, consistent, and nurturing.
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Building Relationships with Children
Play
Time &Attention
Home
visits
Share
Empathy
Notes
home
Happy
Grams
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•Greet every child at the door by name.
•Post children’s work around the room.
•Have a “star” of the week who brings in special things from home and gets to share them during circle time.
•Call a child’s parent in front of them to say what a great day she is having or send home positive notes.
Ideas for Making Deposits
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•Call a child after a difficult day and say, “I’m sorry we had a tough day today. I know tomorrow is going to be better!”
•Give high fives and thumbs up accomplishing tasks.
Ideas for Making Deposits
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Activity- Building Relationships
• How do you build positive relationships with
Children? Families? Colleagues?
• Brainstorm a list of things you could do to build or strengthen relationships with children, families, or other colleagues.
• Share within your group.• Identify 2-3 things you are going to do
to build stronger relationships with children, families, and colleagues.
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Building Relationships
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•When a child misses school tell him how much he was missed.
•Write on a t-shirt all the special things about a given child and let him/her wear it.
•Find time to read to individual children or a few children at a time.
•Acknowledge children’s efforts.
Building Relationships
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•Find out what a child’s favorite book is and read it to the whole class.
•Give compliments liberally.•Play with children, follow their lead.
•Let children make “All About Me” books and share them at Circle Time.
Building Relationships
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“Every child needs one person who is crazy about him.”
~ Uri Bronfenbrenner
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High Quality Supportive Environments
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High Quality Supportive Environments
High quality early childhood environments promote positive
outcomes for all children
How does this connect to your
professional responsibilities?
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High Quality Environments and Positive Outcomes
Teachers report that challenging behavior is their number one training need and promoting social emotional development as the second. Eighty (80%) of teachers report that problem behavior negatively affects their job satisfaction and directors report that teachers are not effective in implementing prevention/promotion practices.
Hemmeter, M.L. (2006). Research and Issues for Implementation, Policy and Scaling Up: Training & Supporting Personnel and Program Wide Implementation, presentation, Annual Policy Maker’s Summit, Center on Evidence-based Practices: Young Children with Challenging Behavior, Washington, Dc., November, 2006. www.challengingbehavior.org
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Create Meaningful and Engaging Learning Areas
Stand in center of the room– Is there a clear entry to each center?– Is each center inviting?– Are there enough materials (3 units of play per child
allowed in center)?– Is there a system in place for entering and exiting
centers?– Are centers and materials/shelves labeled?– Is there a rotation of materials?– Are materials highly engaging?– Are the activities relevant to children’s needs,
interests and lives?
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Classroom Arrangement andDesign: Traffic Patterns
•Minimize large open spaces•Minimize obstacles and other hazards
•Consider the needs of children with physical and sensory disabilities
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Classroom Arrangement andDesign: Learning Centers
Physical Design• Clear boundaries• Visibility• Visual prompts when centers are not an
option• Adequate number of centers• Size and location of centers• Number of children in centers• Organization of materials• Preparation of centers
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Classroom Arrangement andDesign: Learning Centers
Create meaningful and engaging learning centers• Relevant to children’s needs, interests, and lives
• Highly engaging and interesting• Variety of materials in each center• Changed and rotated on a regular basis
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Schedules and Routines
Develop a schedule that promotes child engagement and success• Balance activities
- active and quiet- small group and large group- teacher-directed and child-directed
• Teach children the schedule• Establish a routine and follow it
consistently• When changes are necessary, prepare
children ahead of time
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Teach with Visual Schedules
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Photograph Visual Schedule
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1. Turn on water. 2. Wet hands.
3. Get soap. 4. Rinse hands.
Photograph Visual Schedule
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5. Turn off water.
7. Throw away towel.
6. Dry hands.
8. Go play.
Photograph Visual Schedule
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Discuss these two writing centers.
Physical Environment
Strengths?Concerns?
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Activity Turn-Taking Cue
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Transition with Visual and Timer
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Large Group Activities
Planning the activity• Consider the length• Be clear about the purpose and goals of
the activities• Use circle time to teach new things
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Large Group Activities
Implementing the activity• Provide opportunities for all children
to be actively involved• Assign jobs to children• Vary your speech and intonation
patterns• Have children lead activities• Pay attention to children’s behavior
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Plan for transitions • Minimize the number of transitions that
children have during the day.• Minimize the length of time children spend
waiting with nothing to do.• Prepare children for transitions by providing
a warning.• Structure the transitions so that children
have something to do while they wait.• Teach children the expectations related to
transitions.• Individualize supports and cues.
Transitions
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Targeted Social Emotional Supports
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Targeted Social Emotional Supports
Systematic approaches to teaching social skills can have a preventive and remedial effect
How does this connect to your
professional responsibilities?
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Giving Directions
• Make sure you have the children’s attention before you give the direction.
• Minimize the number of directions given to children.
• Individualize the way directions are given.
• Give clear directions.
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Giving Directions
• Give directions that are positive.• Give children the opportunity to respond
to a direction.• When appropriate, give the child choices
and options for following directions.• Follow through with positive
acknowledgment of children’s behavior.
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General Guidelines About Rules
• Have a few simple classroom rules.• Involve the children in developing the
rules.• Post the rules visually.• Teach the rules systematically.• Reinforce the rules at high rates initially
and at lower rates throughout the year.
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Rules
Should Address• Noise level• Movement inside• Interactions with property• Interactions with adults• Interactions with peers
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Involve Children in Developing the Rules
• Have children help generate the rules.• Name the rule and have a child demonstrate the rule.
• Name the rule and have the children identify the visuals that might go on a poster.
• Have children help decorate a rules poster.
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Key Point: Intentionally Teach!(Teach me what to do!)
• Friendship skills• Emotion words/feelings• How to recognize feelings in oneself and
others• How to “calm down”• How to control anger and impulse• How to problem solve
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Rules Activity
• Develop a list of 3-5 rules you use or would use in a classroom.
• Discuss these rules with others in your group.
• Brainstorm fun and creative ways for teaching the rules.
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Fun Ways to Reinforce the Rules
• Rules Bingo!• Make a big book about school rules• Homework– what are your rules at
home?• Play “rule charades”
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Ongoing Monitoring and Positive Attention
• Give children attention when they are engaging in appropriate behaviors.
• Monitor our behavior • to ensure we spend more time using
positive descriptive language• less time giving directions or
correcting inappropriate behavior.
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Using Positive Feedback and Encouragement
• Use nonverbal forms of positive feedback and encouragement.
• Individualize use of positive feedback and encouragement based on children’s needs and preferences.
• Encourage other adults and peers to use positive feedback and encouragement.
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If there is anything that we wish to change in the child, we
should first examine it and see whether it is not something
that could better be changed in ourselves.
Carl Jung – psychiatrist
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BE THE CHANGEYOU WISH TO SEE
Mahatma Gandhi
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Major Messages• The first and most important thing that we can do is to build positive relationships with every child and family.
• Focus on prevention and teaching appropriate skills.
• Promoting social emotional development is not easy. There are no quick fixes to challenging behavior.
• It requires a comprehensive approach that includes building relationships, evaluating our own classrooms and behaviors, and TEACHING.
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Learner ObjectivesParticipants will:• Describe a framework for addressing
social emotional development and challenging behavior.
• Identify strategies to promote positive behavior practices.
• Identify effective leadership strategies for paraprofessionals.
• Collaborate with appropriate partners to develop strategies for improving children’s social emotional and behavioral outcomes.
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CSEFEL WEBSITE
http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/
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Contact Information www.pattan.net
Dr. De Voka [email protected], ext. 6832
Commonwealth of PennsylvaniaEdward G. Rendell, Governor
Pennsylvania Department of EducationThomas E. Gluck, Acting Secretary
Amy Morton, Deputy SecretaryOffice of Elementary and Secondary
Education
John J. Tommasini, DirectorBureau of Special Education
Patricia Hozella, Assistant DirectorBureau of Special Education