suprarenal glands, ovary and testis
DESCRIPTION
introduction to the endocrine glands ( suprarenal gland, testis and ovary)TRANSCRIPT
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Suprarenal glands, ovary and testis
Dr Laxman KhanalMS- Human Anatomy
Date-27-04-2012
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Pretest
1. Which ICS is related with the suprarenal gland ???
2. Which histological layer of the adrenal cortex is thickest ??
3. What is the origin of middle suprarenal artery ?
4. What is the anterior boundary of ovarian fossa ??
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Pretest
5 Which ligament contain the blood vessels supplying the ovary ??
6 What is the embryological source of spermatogonia and oogonia ??
7 What is the difference between secondary follicles and graffina follicles ??
8 What is pouch of Douglas ??9 What is the fxn of sustentacular cells ?
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Pretest
10 What is the functioin of corpus luteum ??
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Suprarenal gland
• LOCATIONPosterior abdominal wall, behind peritoneumAt epigastrium, in front of the 11th ICSIn front of the right and left crus of the
diaphragmCovered by renal fascia
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Suprarenal gland
• GENERAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPEMENT5 gm weight Cortex(90%) and medulla(10%)Cortex develops from embryonic mesodermMedulla develops from neural crests cells
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Suprarenal gland
• ARTERIAL SUPPLY3 suprarenal arteriesSuperior-B/O inferior Phrenic arteryMiddle-B/O abdominal aortaInferior-B/O renal artery• VENOUS DRAINAGERight side- to IVCLeft side- to left renal vein
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Suprarenal gland
• HISTOLGY AND FUNCTIONS3 layers can be seen in cortex with distinct
functions1. Zona glomerulos- mineralocorticoid2. Zona fasiculata- glucocorticoid3. Zona reticulosa- sex corticoid Rich in smooth ER
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Suprarenal glands
• HISTOLGY AND FUNCTIONSAdrenal medulla cells are modified
postganglionic sympathetic neurons.Medulla cells + chromium salt gives yellow
granules in cytoplasm called as chromaffin reaction.
High in rough ERIncluded in APUD system or neuroendocrine
system.
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Suprarenal glands
Adrenal medulla secrets catecholamines like epinephrine , nor-epinephrine and Dopamine.
These acts as neurotransmitters for the postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
Directly can stimulate the adrenergic receptor during sympathetic activity
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Suprarenal gland
• CLINICAL IMPORTANCEAddison’s disease- decreased ACTHCushing syndrome- increased cortosolCommonest cause is iatrogenicConn’s syndrome- increased AldosteroneAldosterone secreting adenomaIncreased angiotensin
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Suprarenal gland
Masculinization( virilism)- sex hormoneFeminization- sex hormonePheochromocytomaIncreased adrenalineAssociated with MEN2(+hyperparathyroid and
medullary ca of thyroid)
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OVARY
• Female gonads- produce female gamets and sex hormones(oestrogen and progesterone).
• 3cm in diameter• LOCATIONOvarian fossa on lateral pelvic wallAnt- obliterated umbilical arteryPost- ureter and internal iliac arteryNulliparous- long axis verticalMultiparous- long axis horizontal
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Ovary
• Gross features 2 pole or extremities--- upper or tubal pole&
lower or uterine 2 borders– anterior or mesovarian, posterior
or free borders 2 surfaces– lateral & medial
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Ovary
• Almost entirely covered by peritoneum except along anterior border (mesovarian)
• 2 ligaments1. Ligament of ovary2. Suspensory ligament – contain vessels and
nerves.• Arterial supplyOvarian artery- L1 level
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Ovary
• Venous drainageRight side- to IVCLeft side – to left renal vein• Lymphatic drainageLateral aortic and pre-aortic nodes
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Ovary
• HistologyOuter lining - germinal epithelium Cuboidal epitheliumTunica albugineaSubstance of ovaryCortex(stroma)- ovarian follicles of diff stagesMedulla- CT and blood vessels
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Ovary
• Ovarian cycleFrom formation of ovarian follicles to
degeneration of the corpus luteum. Primordial follicle Primary follicle Secondary follicle Graafian follicle
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Ovary
Rupture of graafian follicle and release of the ovum( secondary oocyte)
Formation of corpus luteum Degeneration of the corpus luteum14 wk if ovum get fertilized14 day without fertilization
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Ovary
• Clinical relationProlapse of ovary- laxness of braod ligament
and mesovarium( into the pouch of Douglas).
Follicular cyst- in unruptured graafian follicles.Luteal cyst- around C.luteumCommonest site of endometrial cyst also called
as chocolate cyst.Agenesis – in Turner’s syndrome
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TESTIS
• One of the internal male reproductive organ• Produce male germ cells and male sex
hormones.• Developed in the posterior abdominal wall .
Around 2 month of IUL they leave the peritonial cavity and come out of body through inguinal canal to the scrotum.
• Lies in the skin pocket called as Scrotum.Cryptorchidism
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Testis
• External featureSuspended in scrotum by the spermatic cord.Left testis lower than right one.2 poles, 2 borders and 2 surfaces.Upper border give attachment to the
spermatic cord.Epididymis lies along the lateral border of the
posterior border.
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Testis
• Histology Lies in double layer T. vaginalis except for its
posterior border.Covered by T. albuginea and T. vasculosa.Around 200 lobules are present separated by
CT ,which contains interstitial cell or cells of Leydig Made up of large number of semineferous
tubules , which contain male germ cells and sustentacular cells or cells of sertoli.
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Testis
• Arterial supplyTesticular artery- at the level of L2Enter the spermatic cord• Venous drainageVein first form the pampiniform plexus , pass
through the inguinal canal and finally drain to the IVC and left renal vein.
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Testis
• Lymphatic drainagePreaortic and paraortic group of lymph node• Nerve supply T10 segment of spinal cord
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Testis
• Clinical relationVasectomy- b/l cutting of vas deferens for
male sterility. Hermaphroditism- true and falseHydrocoele Varicocoele – common in left side
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THANK YOU
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