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Sea, Air Space 11 April 2011 1Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited

Surface Navy Combat System Development Update

Presented to The Navy League Sea Air and Space Symposium

Bill BrayPEO Integrated Warfare Systems

11 April 2011Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited


Implementing Open Architecture:Third-Party Surface Combat Systems Development


Implementing Open Architecture: Surface Navy OA Technical Model

Common ComputingEnvironment:

• Standards-based Interfaces to network

• Commercial Mainstream Products and Technologies

Componentized Objective Architecture:

• Common Reusable Components

• Ship Specific Components• Data Model• Extensible to the Future

Infrastructure:• Common Services

and APIs• Flexibility to

Support Forward-Fit and Back-Fit

Hardware

Operating System

Middleware Decouple Equipment From Computer Programs

Display

Track Mgmt Command

&Control

SensorMgmt

WeaponMgmt

VehicleControl

Upgrade Computer Programs and Equipment Independently and on Different Refresh Intervals


Advanced Capability Build (ACB) –Defines the capability delivered to a specific platform in an integrated combat system package

Common Source Library (CSL) – is an approach where the software for all ship classes within a combat system family (e.g., SSDS or Aegis) comes from a single source library.

Aegis & SSDS Combat System Transition to Open Architecture

SSDS used common source library approach and development to fulfill self defense requirements across multiple platform types with existing combat system elements

SSDS MK 2 OA adds flexibility to accommodate change (requirements, sensors, weapons, ship class modifications)

FY08FY09

FY10FY11

FY12

FY15FY14

FY16FY17

CVN 68USS NIMITZ

3 CVN1 CVN

2 CVN

FY13

1 LPD2 LPD

1 LPD

1 LHA

1 LPD

1 LHD3 CVN

2 LSD

2 LSD

3 LSD1 LPD

1 LSD3 LSD

1 LHD

1 LPD

1 LSD

1 LSD

1 LPD

AEC RAM Blk 0/1 and ESSMRAM Blk 2ACB 12ACB 14ACB 16 and Beyond

Legend

FY18FY19

1 LHD2 LPD

2 LSD

2 LSD

ACB 08ACB 12ACB 14ACB 16ACB 18 and Beyond

Legend

CG 52USS Bunker

HIll

2 CGs1 CGs

3 CGs

3 CGs

1 DDGs

3CGs

2DDGs

3CGs

3DDGs3 DDGs

3 DDGs

3 DDGs3 CGs 2 DDGs

1 DDGs

2 CGs

1 CGsFY13FY12

FY15FY14

FY08FY09 FY10

FY11

FY16FY17

FY18

FY34

Aegis

SSDS

The AEGIS system was initially designed as an integrated and tightly coupled hardware and software Combat System

OA-based ACB08 / TI08 (CR2) hardware and software installed in BUNKER HILL in FY08 using modular design followed by MOBILE BAY, PHILLIPPINE SEA, ANTIETAM, SAN JACINTO, with LAKE CHAMPLAIN completing in FY11 and LEYTE GULF completing in FY12

Aegis

Network-Based COTS Computing Environment Enables New Capability, But the Actual Rate of Modernization is Driven by Fleet Availability and Future Budgets


Aegis Capability Evolution

1983AN/SPY-1A

CG 47-51

B/L 0-1/2Baseline 1MILSPEC UYK 7SMI, SML Rail Launcher

(4 UYK 43 Equivalent)

•First Shipboard Multi-function Phased Array Radar

•Blue Water Mission Focus

1987AN/SPY-1B

CG 52-73

B/L 3/5/6MILSPEC UYK 43VLS


• Improved Electronic Protection Performance

• Increased Average Power

• Improved Littoral Capabilities

•BMD 3.6 with Adjunct Computers

1991AN/SPY-1D

DDG 51 – 78

B/L 5.3MILSPEC UYK 43VLS


2004AN/SPY-1D(V)

DDG 91 – 112

B/L 7 All COTSVLS


•Adaptation of 1B for Single Deckhouse Configuration

•Upgrade Control Group using UYK-43

•BMD 3.6 with Adjunct Computers

•Pulse Doppler• Improved Clutter Rejection

•Dual Beam Search• Increased Transmitter Power

•Additional MTI Waveforms

•Greatly Improved Littoral Capabilities

CG 47 CG 59 DDG 51 DDG 79 CG 52 DDG 53

2008AN/SPY-1B

CG 52-57

ACB 08 B/L 8Full COTS


2012AN/SPY-1DDDG 51-78 w/MMSP

CG 58-64 SPY -1BCG 65-73 SPY -1B

w/MMSP ACB 12 B/L 9Full COTS Network-based computing

(~2500 UYK-43 Equivalent)

•Hardware decoupled from Software

•ESSM•SPQ 9B

DDG 91

2000AN/SPY-1D

DDG 79 – 90

B/L 6.1/3MILSPEC/COTS HybridVLS


• IAMD•Multi-Mission Signal Processor (MMSP)-D(V) Performance

• Pulse Doppler• Improved Clutter

Rejection• Dual Beam Search• Increased Transmitter

Power• Additional MTI

Waveforms• Greatly Improved

Littoral Capabilities• Integrated BMD 5.0•NIFI-CA•ESSM•SARTISIncreased Warfighting Capability provided by increased

Computing Power

Note: Baseline – B/L


Roadmap to Aegis Modernization (AMOD), BMD Merge, DDG 113, and Aegis Ashore

Increased Battlespace andMulti-Mission Interoperability

NIFC-CA

AegisBMD 3.6

Aegis BSP

MMSP

COTS Based Infrastructure AMOD ACB12 (TI12)

B/L 7 Phase ICOTS architecture

B/L 7 Phase IROA Display ImprovementsCIWS Block 1B Fratricide AvoidanceCEC 2.1 (Mode 5)COTS Refresh 1

CGM CR2OA Spiral 3ACS Element UpgradesCOTS Refresh 2

MMSP SPY 1D(V)

AMOD ACB08 (TI08)

Aegis BMD Block 04

Aegis BMD 3.6LRS&T, Engagement and LoTMulti-MissionIntegrated Mission PlanningSM-3 Blk I and IA

Aegis BMD 4.0.1Improved DiscriminationImproved Track HandoverEnhanced LoTWildcatIntegrated IR/RF KASM-3 Blk IA and IB

CR0/CR1

AMOD Advanced Capability Build 12 Technical Insertion 12 NIFC-CAACS Element Upgrades Aegis BMD 5.0TS/STM MMSP (DDGs)SM-6

Aegis BMD Block 06/08

Aegis Advanced Capability Build 12DDG 113 and follow / Aegis Ashore

Aegis Advanced Capability Build 14MMSP (BL4 CGs) Vehicle Control


Surface Combat System Top Level Architecture (ACB 12) Common Track Manager / Track Server Components

7For Official Use Only

Platform Adaptation

Common Core

External CommunicationsDomain

Sensor Mgmt Domain

DisplayDomain

Vehicle ControlDomain

Weapon MgmtDomain

Support Domain

Track Mgmt Domain Combat ControlDomain

CommsDomainManager

TrainingDev Env

TrainingDev Env

CommonGUIs

WeaponDomainManager

Link 16S TDL J

JRELink 11Link 22

WeaponsMK 41 VLSMK 57 VLS

MK 29 GMLSRAM GMLS

SeaRAMMK 160 AGS

MK 160 GFCSCIGSCIWS

TTWCSHarpoon

MK 36 DLSNulka

SLQ-32 EAOTSTATT

NIXIENLOS

VehiclesFixed Wing

MH-60RSmall Boats

UAVUUVUSV

ShipResourceManager

System TrackManager

Track Server

TacticalMissionPlanners

Combat Identification

Multi-Source

Integrator

GeodeticRegistration

DecisionSupportServices

SensorControlSensor

ControlMissileController

Link DataManager

(one per missile)

CC SupportServices

TacticalAction

Manager

InfrastructureDomain

EngagementScheduler

AMDCoordinator

USWCoordinator

StrikeCoordinator

SUWCoordinator

SensorControlSensor

ControlWeaponController

(one per weapon)

DDS

SIPRNETNIPRNET

MissilesSM-2SM-3SM-6ESSMRAM

ASROC

VehicleDomainManager

AssetControllerVehicle

Controller

JTT / IBS

ConsolesComputing Equipment Domain Displays Cabinets Processors

TDL InterfaceController

DDS InterfaceController

SATCOMRouter

Interface

IBS InterfaceController

VehicleCoordinator

CDL InterfaceController

CDL-N

Storage Networks

TrainingDev Env

ScenarioController

PlanningCore

After ActionReviewer

PerformanceAnalyzer

ComputerBased

Training

ReadinessAssessor

DataReduction

CombatSystemTrainer

ASWTrainer

KnowledgeManager

ShipControlTrainer

EWTrainer

DataCollector

AssetController

Launch/RecoveryModule

VehicleSensor

Coordinator

VehicleWeapon

Coordinator

VehicleComms

Coordinator

SensorControlSensorControlSensorController

(one per sensor)

Single SensorTracker

CompositeTracker

Nav SystemSimulator

SensorSim/StimSensor

Sim/StimSensor

Simulator/Stimulator

WeaponSimulatorWeapon

SimulatorWeaponSimulator

WeaponSimulatorWeapon

SimulatorExt. CommsSimulator

SensorDomainManager

Above WaterSensor

Coordinator

Below WaterSensor

Coordinator

ComputingResource

Mgr

PrecisionNav & Time

DataMediationServices

C.S. LANMgr

DataExtraction /Recording

DistributedObjects

MessagingServices

DataMgmt

C.S Security/Info Assur.

ExternalComms

Coordinator

VehicleScheduler

NavigationDomain

GPSInertial / Gyro

Water Speed LogDepth Sounder

Magnetic CompassMETOC Sensors

AIS

NavigationData Fuser

Bridge System

Ship Movement

Coordinator

Chart Server

ECDIS-N

Bridge Interface

Controller

TrainingDomain

LogisticsServices

ComputingEnvironment

C.S.NetworkSecurity

C.S.InteriorComms

SOA CoreServices

ComponentFramework

TACSIT Display

Services

Collaboration Manager

GUI Display

Services

Operator Task

Manager

Audio/ Video

Services

Remote Display

Controller

Display Renderer

Platform Specific

GUIs

Platform Specific Display

Apps

Common Display Apps

SPY-1DBR

AMDRSPQ-9BSPS-49ASPS-48ESPS-67SPS-73SPS-74UPX-29UPX-37CIWSMK 9

SLQ-32EDO ESM

SEWIPEO/IRFLIR

MH-60RTowed Sonar

Hull Sonar

Operational Command & ControlGCCS, NECC, NCCT


Transitioning to Objective Architecture Based Combat System

Required warfighting capabilities determine components modified


Open Architecture Common Source Library Approach

PEO IWS is extending the concept of a Common Source Library (CSL) used in the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS) Combat Systems family to the Aegis Combat Systems family which will:– Improve Combat System stability– Manage capability improvement and growth– Provide continuous maintenance updates -- fix once, apply

to many ships– Maximize delivery of the same capabilities to modernized

new construction ships– Operating from a combat system family CSL broadens

competitive opportunity

The SSDS and Aegis Common Source Libraries provide a balanced approach for Fleet modernization, sustainment, and New Construction


LSD

Mod 5C

LHA 6LHD 7/8

SSDS MK 2Single Source Software Library

CVN LPD

One software change (enhancement or fix)

Mod 1

Mod 1A

Mod 1B

Mod 1C

Mod 2

Mod 2A

Mod 2B

Mod 2C

Mod 3A

Mod 3C

Mod 4B

Common Tactical Software

OperatingSystem & Middleware

Site Data & Configuration Software Files

Single Source Library

Mod 1D Mod 3DMod 2D Mod 5D

One capability change fits ALL SSDS ship classes since the 1990’s

RAM Blk II

RAM Blk II

RAM Blk II RAM Blk II RAM Blk II RAM Blk II RAM Blk II


LSDLHA 6LHD 7/8

Common Source Software Library (CSL)

CVN LPD



SSDS MK 2 Single Source Library

One Software Change Fits ALL SSDS Ship Classes Since the 1990’s

RAM Blk II

RAM Blk II

RAM Blk II RAM Blk II RAM Blk II RAM Blk II RAM Blk II

Aegis Ashore

W / MMSPBL 9 E

DDG 113W / MMSP

BL 9 D

DDG 51W / MMSP

BL 9 C

CGWO / MMSP

BL 9 A

CGW / MMSP

BL 9 B



Aegis ACB 12 Baseline and Future (CSL)

BMD 5.0

Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) 5.0

Aegis BL 9 Supports five Different Combat Systems Configurations & Begins Fielding in FY12

BMD 5.0

BMD 5.0 BMD 5.0 BMD 5.0

Aegis In-Service

ShipsB/L 2,3,5,6

CG 59-64 CG 65-73 DDG 51-112 DDG 113 and follow

Aegis Modernization are supported from CSL


Aegis B/L 7

ACB 12 Aegis B/L 9/BMD 5.0Common Source Library

ACB 08 Aegis B/L 8 Aegis Baseline 8 CSL

ACB 12 SSDS Mk 2 Common Source Library

TrackManager &

Track Server

TrackManager &

Track ServerComponents

DDG 1000 / TSCE Common Source Library

7.1.27.1R7.1.3

Aegis B/L 6Aegis B/L 5Aegis B/L 3Aegis B/L 2

SSDS

Surface Ship Integrated Combat Systems

SSDS MK 1SSDS MK 2

Common Source Library (CSL)– Is an approach where the software for all ship classes within a combat system family (e.g., SSDS or Aegis) comes from a single source library.

Common Asset Library (CAL)– A library of objective architecture compliant common software components that can be integrated with other CSL components specific to a combat system family to create an Advanced Capability Build (ACB)

Track Manager &Track Server

CVN 78

Future Common Components

Phase IVehicleControl

Components

Phase 0VehicleControl

Components

Phase IIVehicleControl

Components

ACDS BLK 0

Aegis Baseline (BL) 7.1R CSL

Previous Baseline Source Code

2011- 2020 2021- 2030

•Advanced Capability Build (ACB) is a programmatic designation of capabilities developed for a combat system •Speed of in-service ships transition to CSL controlled by rate of mid-life modernizations•The increasing number of ships supported from CSL will simplify 3rd party competition

•ACB process can only be implemented via a CSL


Common Source Library . . . Fix Once, Apply to Many Baselines

Common Source Libraries allow reuse and commonality within a combat system family for modernized ships and new construction ships

Modernized ships and new construction ships will have the same combat system capabilities

Investing in disciplined cross-program Configuration Management is critical to leveraging Common Source Library components across the enterprise

Advanced Capability Build process can only be implemented via a CSL Common Source Library is critical to improving fleet interoperability

issues The increasing number of ships supported from CSL will simplify 3rd

party competition and integrate product line architectures

Surface Navy Combat Systems will achieve commonality and reuse through implementation of Common Source Libraries


Combat System Advanced Capability Build (ACB) Development & Integration

2013

Aegis-5197 Completion

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20152014

CSEA / Developer Contracts:

2016 2017 2018

ACB 12 AWS Products & MMSP (AWS H/W) production include the DDG 113, 114, 115

MMSP Production

Aegis BMD 03-6110MMSP Design

Combat SystemDesign & IntegrationAcross Kill Chain

MDA Aegis BMD Development with 12 year Period of Performance Through 2019

03 - 5115 SI&T 5115 ContractDDG Mod CR3 / TI 12 Design SI&T Follow-on Contract for Future ACBs

2019

PSEA & ACB 12 Development 09 12 (5103)• System engineering above sub-system level• Manage complex, multi- ship configuration• Performance analysis through robust modeling & simulationNIFC-CA 4 – Pillar Development / Integration

• Overall systems integration of ship mission systems Integrate GFE / GFI Products

• ACB 12 development / componentization / modularization data modeling to support the objective architecture

• Technical support for in service ships• DDG 113, 114, 115 ACB 12 AWS Products & MMSP

DDG 113, 114, 115 Combat System Design & Build

CG Baseline 4 MMSP Integration

Sole Source Proposed Extension

Legend

MDA Sole SourceFuture Competition

SI&T 5115 Extension for ACB 12

POPExtension

• ACB -Development and components integration• End-to-end combat system performance• Systems engineering, configuration control, testing, training and logistics

• Integrated GFE / GFI products• Technical support for in-service ships• Future capability integration• Directed developments across kill chain • Advanced radar & BMD integration

• CG Mod (CG 52-58) CR2 (Decouples H/W from S/W) delivers to Gov’t 09/09 (Now referred to ACB 08 / TI 08)

• Complete WSMR Upgrade• Aegis NIFC_CA• PSEA

SSDS-5110 Completion SSDS PSEA ACB 12 Development 09-13 (5122)

DDG 113, 114, 115, MK 99 FCS Director / Director Controller

FY08 Common Display System (CDS)

Electronic Warfare (EW)/Softkill Integration-RFP

Vehicle Control Components

FY05 Q-70 Display05-5100 SI / DA for OA Track Mgr. / Track ServerFY06 Display ServicesFY07 ASW Capability Improvement

Component

Common Processing System

(SSDS & Aegis)Competed & AwardedPotential Competition

Notional


OSD Efficiency and Productivity Initiative Through the Common Source Library (CSL)

Target Affordability and Control Cost Growth– Common source libraries are the path to commonality

and key to reuseIncentivize Productivity & Innovation in Industry

– Applying a proven industry approach to combat system software development and maintenance reduces TOC

– Utilizes modern commercial tools to manage CSLPromote Real Competition

– CSL reduces complexity of combat system and burden of multiple baseline management

Improve Tradecraft in Services Acquisition– CSL reduces barriers to entry for non-traditional third parties

Reduce Non-Productive Processes and Bureaucracy– Navy Review Team can review and validate one set of requirements

against an entire combat system family


PEO IWS Efficiency InitiativesUSD(AT&L) 14 Sept 2010 Memo

PEO IWS Initiative USD(AT&L) Memo Mapping (14 Sept 2010)

Leverage International Programs to reduce cost increases to select programs w/o FMS:211 FMS / >$600M

Target affordability and Control Cost Growth

SBIR Program Sponsorship: 116 active SBIR Promote Real Competition / Improve Tradecraft in Services Acquisition

Multi Year Procurement Target affordability and Control Cost Growth

Naval Open Architecture Promote Real Competition

Enterprise T&E FY08 – FY13: $240M saving Reduce Non-Productive Processes and Bureaucracy

Warfare Center Communities of Practice (2009) Reduce Non-Productive Processes and Bureaucracy

Compete 20-30 year monopolies and new starts FY08 –FY13: >$3B

– Aegis PSEAs - AMDR– SSDS PSEAs - SEWIP Blk II– CEC– System Integrators– Common Displays / Common Processor

Reduce Non-Productive Processes and BureaucracyPromote Real CompetitionIncentivize productivity and innovation and Industry

Back-up


Shared Components

for Future

Applicationsand

Back FitBuilt to

Objective Architecture

Common Architecture Promotes Reuse, Reduced Testing, Fewer Baselines and

Affordability

DDG 1000 Integration

CVN 78

SM-2(ICWI)

ESSM(ICWI)

Carrier / Amphib Integration

RAM/CIWS

Control

RAM/CIWS

Control

SSDS Update

DBR

CVN78 ESSM(ICWI)

Aegis Integration

DestroyersCruisersTrackServer

Infrastructure& DisplayServices

DDG 1000

AMDR

IAMDMerge NIFC-CA

Sea-basedTerminal

Total ShipInfrastructure

NIFC-CA Sea-basedTerminal

EWInteg.

DBR

IAMD

USWSuite

USWSuite

Present Future

EWInteg.

WeaponMgmt Services

C2 / PlanningServices

Future Surface Combatant / DDG IIA / III / IV

New construction combat systems will utilize government specified architectures with GFE combat system elements and limited new development elements

Potential AMDR New DevelopmentAMDR


B/L 1/2/3/4/5DDG 51-78 CG 47-73

B/L 6 Ph I/IIIDDG 79-90CG 66 & 69

B/L 7 Ph IDDG 91-112

1980 1994 2002Year

ACB 08/TI 08Advanced Capability

Build (ACB) Technology Insertion (TI)

2009

Mixed COTS and MILSpec Design

Mission Critical Enclosure (MCE)

All COTS computers

UYK-43UYK-44

UYK-43/44+Adjunct COTS

COTSSMP’s

Processors COTSBlades

MIL Spec Design(MCE)

A Scaleable Pool of Interchangeable

Processors

Displays UYH-4 UYQ-21 (TGC) UYQ-21/UYQ-70 Thin Client

Displays

Aegis Weapon System Hardware Architecture Roadmap

Weapon System

UYK-7UYK-20

2012 2016

COTSBlades

Common ProcessingSystem (CPS) & MCEA Scaleable Pool of

Interchangeable Processors

COTSTBD

ACB 16/TI 16

Connectivity All NTDSAll Network

Pub Sub

Pre-Aegis

1960

MIL Spec Design

UYH-4

UYK-7

Thin Client Displays

NormalizedEquivalentCapability

2 UYK-43 120 UYK-43

ACB 12/TI 12

Point-to-Point Point-to-PointAll Network

Pub Sub

TBD

Point-to-Point

Common Display Systems (CDS)

CPSCPS

Common ProcessingSystem (CPS) & MCEA Scaleable Pool of

Interchangeable Processors

4 UYK-43 270 UYK-43 875 UYK-43 ~2500 UYK-43


Increased Aegis Combat System Computing Capability vs Maintainability

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

B/L 1/2 B/L 3/4 B/L5 B/L 6 B/L 7.1.2 B/L 7.1.R B/L 8 B/L 90

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Equivalent UYK 43 Computers

Configurable Items

Pieces of Media

4 4 4

120

270 270

875

2500Note: Not to Scale, for Illustrative Purpose

1983 2000 2004 2012

Note: B/L = Baselines

Initial FieldingMILSPEC /

COTS HybridALL MILSPEC

ALL COTS

Moore’s Law ; General read to say that computing power doubles every 18 months


Uniqueness of AEGIS Precludes Good Analogies, Requiring a Fresh Approach to Assessing Policy Trade-offs

Dimension Aegis SSDS ARCI Aegis FMS

System complexity 33 systems 14 systems

Mission Set Complexity HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH

Mission Type AAW, ASW, ASuW, NSSF, BMD AAW Self Defense ASW, ASuW AAW, ASW, ASuW,

NSSF, BMD

Computer Program size/LOC TB/4.5M GB/1.3M TB

Ship Classes 2 6 to 7 4 5+

Program complexity HIGH(Integrated)

LOW(Federated)

LOWER(Federated) HIGHER

Role of Government vs. Industry Ind Devel, Ind/Gov test Ind Devel, Ind/Gov

test Ind Devel, Ind/Gov test Ind Devel, Ind/Gov test

Demand for new capability HIGH LOW HIGH TBD

First Year COTS Delivery Early 2000s Late 1990s Late 1990s Early 2000s


ACSRR FindingsIncreasing Computing System Complexity


Better Buying Power: Guidance for Obtaining Greater Efficiency & Productivity in Defense Spending,14 Sep 2010OUSD (AT&L) Guidance Roadmap

Contains 23 principal actions to improve efficiency organized in 5 major areas

Target Affordability and Control Cost Growth (Area #1)

-Mandate affordability as a requirement (1)• At Milestone A set affordability target as a Key Performance Parameter• At Milestone B establish engineering trades showing how each key

design feature affects the target cost-Drive productivity growth through Will Cost/Should Cost management (2)-Eliminate redundancy within war-fighter portfolios (3)-Make production rates economical and hold them stable (4)-Set shorter program timelines and manage to them (5)

Incentivize Productivity & Innovation in Industry (Area #2)

-Reward contractors for successful supply chain and indirect expense management (6)-Increase the use of FPIF contract type where appropriate using a 50/50 share line and 120 percent ceiling as a point of departure (7)-Adjust progress payments to incentivize performance(8)-Extend the Navy’s Preferred Supplier Program to a DoD-wide pilot (9)-Reinvigorate industry’s independent research and development and protect the defense technology base (10)

Promote Real Competition (Area #3)

-Present a competitive strategy at each program milestone (11)- Remove obstacles to competition (12)

• Allow reasonable time to bid• Require non-certified cost and pricing data on single offers• Require open system architectures and set rules for acquisition of

technical data rights-Increase dynamic small business role in defense marketplace competition (13)

Improve Tradecraft in Services Acquisition (Area #4)

-Create a senior manager for acquisition of services in each component, following the Air Force’s example (14)-Adopt uniform taxonomy for different types of services (15)-Address causes of poor tradecraft in services acquisition (16)

• Assist users of services to define requirements and prevent creep via requirements templates

• Assist users of services to conduct market research to support competition and pricing

• Enhance competition by requiring more frequent re-compete of knowledge-based services

• Limit the use of time and materials and award fee contracts for services

• Require that services contracts exceeding $1B contain cost efficiency objectives

-Increase small business participation in providing services (17)

Reduce Non-Productive Processes and Bureaucracy (Area #5)

-Reduce the number of OSD-level reviews to those necessary to support major investment decisions or to uncover and respond to significant program execution issues (18)-Eliminate low-value-added statutory processes (19)-Reduce by half the volume and cost of internal and congressional reports (20)-Reduce non-value-added overhead imposed on industry (21)-Align DCMA and DCAA processes to ensure work is complementary (22)-Increase use of Forward Pricing Rate Recommendations (FPRRs) to reduce administrative costs (23)

Note: Another reference from OUSD (AT&L), Better Buying Power: Mandate for Restoring Affordability & Productivity in Defense Spending , 28 June 2010

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