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Final Technical Report 2007 Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) Report on the San Juan Hydrologic Unit July 2007

SURFACE WATER AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM (SWAMP) REPORT ON

THE SAN JUAN HYDROLOGIC UNIT

Raphael D. Mazor Ken Schiff

Southern California Coastal Water Research Project 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110

Costa Mesa, CA 92626 www.sccwrp.org

Prepared for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region (Region 9).

This project was funded by the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program.

Technical Report 537_SanJuan

http://www.sccwrp.org/

SWAMP Report on the San Juan Hydrologic Unit

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract .........................................................................................................4 2. Introduction ...................................................................................................5

2.1 Geographic Setting..................................................................................6 2.1.1 Climate..................................................................................................6 2.1.2 Hydrology..............................................................................................8 2.1.3 Land Use within the Watershed ............................................................9 2.1.4 Beneficial Uses and Known Impairments in the Watershed................10

3. Methods ......................................................................................................10 3.1 Indicators ...............................................................................................12 3.1.1 Water chemistry..................................................................................12 3.1.2 Toxicity................................................................................................13 3.1.3 Tissue .................................................................................................13 3.1.4 Bioassessment ...................................................................................13 3.1.5 Physical Habitat ..................................................................................14 3.2 Data Analysis.........................................................................................14 3.2.1 Thresholds ..........................................................................................15 3.2.2 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) ................................19

4. Results ........................................................................................................19 4.1 Water Chemistry....................................................................................19 4.2 Toxicity ..................................................................................................30 4.3 Tissue....................................................................................................33 4.4 Bioassessment ......................................................................................34 4.5 Physical Habitat.....................................................................................38

5. Discussion...................................................................................................40 6. Literature Cited............................................................................................47 7. Appendices .................................................................................................49

APPENDIX I ..............................................................................................I - 1 APPENDIX II ............................................................................................II - 1 APPENDIX III ..........................................................................................III - 1 APPENDIX IV......................................................................................... IV - 1


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of the San Juan HU ............................................................6 Figure 2. Rainfall and sampling events at two stations in the San Diego region

...................................................................................................................7 Figure 3. The San Juan HU, including major waterways..................................8 Figure 4. Land use within the San Juan HU. ....................................................9 Figure 5. SWAMP and non-SWAMP sampling locations................................11 Figure 6. Aquatic life threshold exceedances for water chemistry at SWAMP

sites..........................................................................................................29 Figure 7. Human health exceedances for water chemistry at SWAMP sites..29 Figure 8. Frequency of toxicity at SWAMP sites. ...........................................32 Figure 9. Fish tissue exceedances at SWAMP sites ......................................33 Figure 10. IBI scores at sites in the San Juan HU..........................................34 Figure 11. Mean IBI scores at each bioassessment site and each season ....35 Figure 12. IBI values for each year and site ...................................................38 Figure 13. Assessment of physical habitat at SWAMP sites ..........................40 Figure 14. Summary of the ecological health of SWAMP sites in the San Juan

HU............................................................................................................42

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Watersheds monitored under the SWAMP program. .........................5 Table 2. Sources of data used in this report...................................................10 Table 3. SWAMP sampling site locations.......................................................10 Table 4. Non-SWAMP sampling site locations ...............................................12 Table 5. Threshold sources............................................................................16 Table 6. Water chemistry thresholds for aquatic life and human health

standards .................................................................................................17 Table 7. Threshold concentrations for fish tissue contaminants.....................18 Table 8. Number of anthropogenic organic compounds detected at each site

.................................................................................................................20 Table 9. Frequency of detection of anthropogenic organic compounds .........20 Table 10. Frequency of water chemistry threshold exceedances...................25 Table 11. Frequency of SWAMP sites with aquatic life and human health

threshold exceedances of each constituent .............................................28 Table 12. Number of constituents exceeding thresholds at each SWAMP site.

.................................................................................................................30 Table 13. Frequency of toxicity detected for each endpoint and at each site .31 Table 14. Concentrations of contaminants in fish tissues...............................33 Table 15. Mean and standard deviation of IBI scores at bioassessment sites36 Table 16. Score and mean for each component of physical habitat ...............39 Table 17. Summary of the ecological health for five SWAMP sites...............41

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1. ABSTRACT

In order to assess the ecological health of the San Juan Hydrologic Unit (San Diego, Orange, and Riverside Counties, CA), water chemistry, water and sediment toxicity, fish tissues, benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and physical habitat were assessed at multiple sites. Water chemistry, toxicity, and fish tissues were assessed under SWAMP between 2002 and 2003, and bioassessment samples were collected under other programs between 1998 and 2006. Most indicators showed evidence of widespread impact, especially in the northern and coastal areas of the watershed. For example, all sites in the Laguna Creek hydrologic subarea, as well as sites in the lower portions of the San Juan Creek watershed exceeded aquatic life thresholds for many (8) water chemistry constituents. Toxicity was moderate at most sites, and not observed at a few sites in the interior of the San Juan Creek watershed. Fish tissue collected from Aliso Creek did not indicate impairment, although no organic constituents were measured, and only one constituent (Selenium) had an applicable threshold. IBIs were poor or very poor at almost every coastal site, as well as at all sites in the Laguna Creek hydrologic subarea, meaning that biological communities characteristic of impairment were found at these sites. Sites with fair, good, or very good IBI scores were located in the interior or southern portions of the watershed. Physical habitat was very degraded at coastal and northern sites, but in moderate to good condition at interior sties. Some designated reference sites (e.g., 901SJMCC2, REF-CS, and 901SJATC2) did not appear to conform to expectations of reference condition. However, other reference sites appeared to be in good ecological health, as were sites that had not been designated as reference (e.g., 901SJBEL2). Despite limitations of this assessment (e.g., uncertain spatial and temporal variability, low levels of replication, non-probabilistic sampling, and lack of thresholds for several indicators), multiple lines of evidence support the conclusion that parts of the San Juan HU are in poor ecological condition.

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2. INTRODUCTION The San Juan hydrologic unit (HU 901) is in Orange, Riverside, and San Diego Counties. The hydrologic unit represents an important water resource in one of the most arid regions of the nation. Despite strong interest in the surface waters of the San Juan HU, a comprehensive assessment of the ecological health of these waters has not been conducted at this time. The purpose of this report is to provide such an analysis using data collected in 2002-2003 under the Surface Waters Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP), as well as additional sources, such as including data collected by National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permittees and by the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base. SWAMP monitoring efforts rotated among sets of watersheds, ensuring that each HU is monitored once every 5 years (Table 1). These programs collected data to describe water chemistry, water and sediment toxicity, fish tissues, physical habitat, and macroinvertebrate community structure. By examining these data from multiple sources, this report provides a measure of the ecological integrity of the San Juan HU.

Table 1. Watersheds monitored under the SWAMP program. Project Indicators YearsSWAMP Water chemistry, toxicity, fish tissue 2002-2003CA Department of Fish and Game Bioassessment 1998-2000Orange County NPDES Water chemistry, bioassessment, toxicity, physical habitat 2002-2006Camp Pendleton Water chemistry, bioassessment 2004-2005Laguna Niguel grant-funded projects Water chemistry 2004-2006

There are two objectives for this assessment: 1) To evaluate the condition of SWAMP sites; and 2) To evaluate the overall condition of the watershed. Evaluations were based on multiple indicators of ecological integrity, including water chemistry, water and sediment toxicity, fish tissue bioaccumulation, biological assessment of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and physical habitat assessment. This report is organized into four sections. The first section (Introduction) describes the geographic setting in terms of climate, hydrology, and land use within the watershed. The second section (Methods) describes the approach to data collection, assessment indicators, and data analysis. The third section (Results) contains the results of these analyses. The fourth section (Discussion) integrates evidence of impact from multiple indicators, describes the limitations of this assessment, and summarizes the overall health of the watershed.

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2.1 Geographic Setting

The San Juan HU is a collection of coastal watersheds in Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties draining into the Pacific Ocean (Figure 1). The watershed covers 496 mi2 and ranges from the Santa Margarita mountains in the interior to the Pacific Coast.

Figure 1. San Diego region (green) includes portions of San Diego, Riverside, and Orange counties. The San Juan HU (yellow, shaded) is located within Orange, Riverside, and San Diego Counties

2.1.1 Climate

The San Juan HU, like the entire San Diego region, is characterized by a Mediterranean climate, with hot dry summers and cool wet winters. Average monthly rainfalls measured at the Lindberg Airport (SDG) in San Diego, California between 1905 and 2006 show that nearly all rain fell between the months of October and April, with hardly any falling between the months of May and September (California Department of Water Resources 2007). The wettest month was January, with an average rainfall of 2.05"). Average annual rainfall at this station was 10.37". Daily rainfall measured at John Wayne Airport (north of the HU and near the coast) and at San Juan Canyon (in the Santa Ana mountains within the HU) shows considerable variability in rainfall throughout the HU (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2007) (Figure 2).

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Figure 2. Rainfall and sampling events at two stations in the San Diego region. A. Average precipitation for each month at the Lindberg Station (DWR station code SDG), based on data collected between January 1905 and November 2006. B. Location of the John Wayne Airport and San Juan Canyon gauges. C. Storm events and sampling events in the San Juan HU. The top two plots show daily precipitation between 1998 and 2007 at the three stations. The bottom plot shows the timing of sampling events. SWAMP water chemistry and toxicity samples are shown as white circles. Bioassessment samples are shown as black circles.

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2.1.2 Hydrology The San Juan HU consists of several watersheds that drain directly into the Pacific Ocean. The largest watershed is San Juan Creek; its major tributaries are Bell Canyon, Arroyo Trabuco, and Oso Creeks. The second largest creek is San Mateo Creek, with Christianitos Creek as the largest major tributary. Smaller in size are Aliso, San Onofre, and Las Pulgas Creeks. Smaller still are numerous coastal streams, including Morro Canyon, Laguna Canyon, Salt Creek, Prima Deshecha, Segunda Deshecha, and several unnamed drainages (Figure 3).

Figure 3. The San Juan HU, including major waterways.

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2.1.3 Land Use within the Watershed Three counties and several municipalities have jurisdiction over portions of the watershed. Riverside County includes a small portion (17.8%) of the San Juan HU, and no municipalities are found within this portion. More than half the watershed (51.7%) is located within Orange County, and the remainder (30.5%) is in San Diego County. In Orange County, the cities of Aliso Viejo, Mission Viejo, Laguna Beach, Laguna Woods, Laguna Niguel, Dana Point, Lake Forest, Rancho Santa Margarita, San Juan Capistrano, and San Clemente occur within the HU. Although a small portion (7.2%) of the HU is developed, most of this development is concentrated within the northern portion of the watershed. The undeveloped portion, the southern and interior portions, occupies 91.8% of the watershed. Agricultural land use occupies less than 1% of the land (Figure 4). A very large and mostly undeveloped portion of the watershed is encompassed by the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base in northern San Diego County. Other large areas of open space are found within the Cleveland National Forest. Caltrans is another major landowner, and it has jurisdiction over the major freeways that traverse the watershed (SANDAG 1998).

Figure 4. Land use within the San Juan HU. Undeveloped open space is shown as green. Agricultural areas are shown as orange. Urban and developed lands are shown as dark gray.

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2.1.4 Beneficial Uses and Known Impairments in the Watershed

Beneficial uses in the watershed include agriculture; industrial service supply; recreation; warm and cold freshwater habitat; wildlife habitat; rare, threatened, or endangered species; and spawning habitat. All streams in the San Juan HU have been exempted from municipal uses (Appendix I).

Several streams in the San Juan HU are listed as impaired on the 303(d) list of water quality limited segments, affecting a total of 26.7 stream miles. These streams include Aliso Creek, English Creek, Laguna Canyon Channel, Oso Creek, San Juan Creek, Prima Deshecha Creek, and Segunda Deshecha Creek. Known stressors include indicator bacteria, total dissolved solids, turbidity, benzo(b)fluoranthene, DDE, dieldrin, sulfates, chloride, phosphorus, and sediment toxicity (Appendix I).

3. METHODS This report combines data collected under SWAMP with data from California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), Camp Pendleton, and NPDES monitoring (Table 2). Eleven sites of interest were sampled under SWAMP in the San Juan HU in 2003 (Table 3; Figure 5). Water chemistry, water and sediment toxicity, and physical habitat was measured at each site. Three of these sites were designated reference sites (i.e., Upper Arroyo Trabuco, Morro Canyon, and San Mateo Creek). Water chemistry, water and sediment toxicity, and physical habitat was measured at each of the eleven sites. Table 2. Sources of data used in this report. Project Indicators YearsSWAMP Water chemistry, toxicity, fish tissue 2002-2003CA Department of Fish and Game Bioassessment 1998-2000Orange County NPDES Water chemistry, bioassessment, toxicity, physical habitat 2002-2006Camp Pendleton Water chemistry, bioassessment 2004-2005Laguna Niguel grant-funded projects Water chemistry 2004-2006

Table 3. SWAMP sampling site locations. Fish tissues were collected at the site marked with an asterisk (*).

Description Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E)1 901SJALC6 Aliso Creek 6 (mouth) 33.5119 -117.75192 901SJATC2 Upper Arroyo Trabuco Creek 2 (reference) 33.6717 -117.55753 901SJATC5* Lower Arroyo Trabuco Creek 5 33.5266 -117.67014 901SJBEL2 Bell Canyon Creek 2 33.6327 -117.55535 901SJENG2 English Creek 2 33.6278 -117.68066 901SJLAG2 Laguna Canyon Creek 2 33.5726 -117.76297 901SJMCC2 Morro Canyon Creek 2 (reference) 33.5622 -117.81888 901SJOSO3 Oso Creek 3 33.5348 -117.67629 901SJSJC5 Upper San Juan Creek 5 33.5879 -117.5164

10 901SJSJC9 Lower San Juan Creek 9 33.4847 -117.674611 901SJSMT2 San Mateo Creek 2 (reference) 33.5497 -117.3962

Site

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Figure 5. SWAMP (white circles) and non-SWAMP (black circles) sampling locations. Black triangles indicate two non-SWAMP sites were bioassessment samples were not collected. The SWAMP site prefix designating the hydrologic unit (i.e., 901SJ-) has been dropped to improve clarity.

Data from several non-SWAMP monitoring were included in this report. Twenty-eight sites were sampled under programs other than SWAMP. Orange County NPDES monitoring at 18 sites included conventional water chemistry, toxicity, bioassessment, and physical habitat. Monitoring at 3 sites at Camp Pendleton included conventional water chemistry and bioassessment. Monitoring at grant-funded projects by the city of Laguna Niguel included conventional water chemistry, nutrients and bacteria (at Upper Sulphur Creek and Narco Channel), as well as metals and organic compounds (at Narco Channel). Additional bioassessment data was collected at 10 sites by the CDFG Aquatic Bioassessment Laboratory (ABL); of these 10 sites, 5 were also sampled by Orange County NPDES. When two non-SWAMP sites were located within 500 meters of each other, they were treated as a single site. This distance was based on published measures of spatial correlation of benthic communities in streams (Gebler 2004). Non-SWAMP samples were collected between 1998 and 2006; in some cases, non-SWAMP sites were very close to SWAMP sites (Table 4; Figure 5).

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Table 4. Non-SWAMP sampling site locations. W = sites where water chemistry was sampled. T = sites where samples were collected for toxicity assays. B = sites where benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled. P = sites where physical habitat was assessed.

Site DescriptionSWAMP site within 500 m W T B P Sources Lat (°N) Long (°E)

X CDFG (901ACCCRx)X X X X OC NPDES (AC-CCR)

X CDFG (901ACPPDx)X X X X OC NPDES (AC-PPD)

3 Arroyo Trabuco Creek at Country Club Road

None X CDFG (901ATCAPx) 33.5842 -117.6358

X CDFG (901ATCTCx)X X X X OC NPDES (REF-TCAS,

REF-AT2, REF-TAC, REF-ATC)

5 Bell Canyon Creek at Bell Canyon Trail in Caspar Wilderness Park

None X CDFG (901BCCBCT, 901BCCSRT)

33.5690 -117.5651

X CDFG (901SJC74x)X X X X OC NPDES (SJC-74)

7 San Mateo Creek at Devil's Canyon

None X CDFG (901SMCDCx, 901DCCDCx)

33.4728 -117.4648

8 San Mateo Creek at San Mateo Canyon

901SJSMT2 X CDFG (901SMCSMC) 33.5496 -117.3962

9 San Mateo Creek at San Mateo Road

None X CDFG (901SMCSMR) 33.4234 -117.5314

10 San Mateo Creek at I5 None X X OC NPDES (SMC-I5) 33.3834 -117.572811 Wood Creek None X CDFG (901WCCRTx,

901WCRMMx, 901WCEOTx)

33.5681 -117.7477

X X X X OC NPDES (WC-WCT)12 Aliso Creek at Aliso Creek Park None X X X X OC NPDES (AC-ACP,

ACJ01)33.5435 -117.5681

13 Christianitos Creek at Christianitos Road

None X X X X OC NPDES (CC-CR) 33.4666 -117.5681

14 English Creek at Madera Drive 901SJENG2 X X X X OC NPDES (EC-MD) 33.6275 -117.6804

1 Aliso Creek at Country Club Road

901SJALC6 33.5142 -117.7430

2 Aliso Creek at Pacific Park Drive None -117.715033.5752

4 Arroyo Trabuco Creek (reference)

None 33.6748 -117.5471

6 San Juan Creek at Highway 74 None -117.623733.5192

3.1 Indicators

Multiple indicators were used to assess the sites in the San Juan HU. Water chemistry, water and sediment toxicity, fish tissues, benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and physical habitat. 3.1.1 Water chemistry To assess water chemistry, samples were collected at each site. Water chemistry was measured as per the SWAMP Quality Assurance Management Plan (QAMP) (Puckett 2002). Measured indicators included conventional water chemistry (e.g., pH, temperature dissolved oxygen, etc.), inorganics, herbicides, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dissolved metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Appendix II contains a complete list of constituents that were measured.

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Limited water chemistry was collected under non-SWAMP NPDES monitoring as well. This monitoring was restricted to physical parameters, and followed procedures described in annual reports to California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region (e.g., Weston Solutions Inc. 2007). 3.1.2 Toxicity To evaluate water and sediment toxicity to aquatic life in the San Juan HU, toxicity assays were conducted on samples from each site as per the SWAMP QAMP (EPA 1993, Puckett 2002). Water toxicity was evaluated with 7-day exposures on the water flea, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and 96-hour exposures to the alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Both acute and chronic toxicity to C. dubia was measured as decreased survival and fecundity (i.e., eggs per female) relative to controls, respectively. Chronic toxicity to S. capricornutum was measured as changes in total cell count relative to controls. Sediment toxicity was evaluated with 10-day exposures on the amphipod Hyallela azteca. Both acute and chronic toxicity to H. azteca was measured as decreased survival and growth (mg per individual) relative to controls, respectively. Chronic toxicity endpoints (i.e., C. dubia fecundity, H. azteca growth, and S. capricornutum total cell count) were used to develop a summary index of toxicity at each site.

Toxicity was assessed by Orange County NPDES as well (Weston

Solutions Inc. 2006). Between 2003 and 2006, water and sediment samples were collected at all sites. Procedures were similar to those used in SWAMP monitoring, with the following differences: chronic toxicity to C. dubia was measured as decreased growth (mg per individual) relative to controls (as opposed to reduced fecundity), and chronic toxicity to H. azteca was not assessed. In addition, 7-day exposures of sample water to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) was assessed as decreased survival (acute toxicity) and growth (chronic toxicity) relative to controls. 3.1.3 Tissue To detect contamination in fish tissues in the San Juan HU, tissues from one red-ear sun fish and one crayfish were collected at Lower Arroyo Trabuco Creek. Samples were not combined so that variability among individual organisms could be estimated. Tissues were analyzed for metals and selenium as per the SWAMP QAMP (Puckett 2002). Wet-weight concentrations of each constituent were recorded. 3.1.4 Bioassessment

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To assess the ecological health of the streams in San Juan HU, benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected at 26 sites. Three of these sites were designated reference sties (site 4, 18, and 19). Samples were collected using SWAMP-comparable protocols, as per the SWAMP QAMP (Puckett 2002). Three replicate samples were collected from riffles at each site; 300 individuals were sorted and identified from each replicate, creating a total count of 900 individuals per site. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, all samples were reduced to 500 count for calculation of the Southern California Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI; Ode et al. 2005), a composite of seven metrics summed and scaled from 0 (poor condition) to 100 (good condition). 3.1.5 Physical Habitat Physical habitat was assessed using semi-quantitative observations of 10 components relating to habitat quality, such as embeddedness, bank stability, and width of riparian zone. The assessment protocols are described in The California Stream Bioassessment Procedure (California Department of Fish and Game 2003). Each component was scored on a scale of 0 (highly degraded) to 20 (not degraded). Sites were assessed by the average component score. Physical habitat was also assessed by Orange County NPDES, using methods identical to those used in SWAMP monitoring. Seventeen sites were monitored between 2002 and 2006 twice a year using the same protocols as the SWAMP program (Weston Solutions Inc. 2006). 3.2 Data Analysis To evaluate the extent of human impacts to water chemistry in streams in the San Juan HU, two frequency-based approaches were employed to detecting impacts. First, established aquatic life and human health thresholds for individual constituents were evaluated for frequency of exceedances. Second, the frequency of detection for anthropogenic constituents (such as PCBs, pesticides, and PAHs) were also evaluated. To evaluate the overall health of each site and of the watershed, three indicators were selected for analysis: number of constituents exceeding aquatic life water chemistry thresholds; frequency of chronic toxicity to S. capricornutum, C. dubia, and H. azteca; and mean IBI score. Tissue analysis was excluded because tissue samples were collected at only one site. Physical habitat assessment was excluded due to lack of agreed-upon thresholds for evaluation of physical habitat scores. These results were plotted on a map of the watershed, indicating the severity and distribution of human impacts. Although non-SWAMP sources of water chemistry data were used, this report focuses on SWAMP data in order to maintain consistency of sampling

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methods and parameters measured at each site. Analyses of non-SWAMP water chemistry data is presented separately. In contrast, bioassessment data from multiple sources is analyzed together because of the high compatibility of sampling protocols used in different programs, and because of the limited availability of bioassessment data from a single source. Toxicity, fish tissue, and physical habitat data were only available from SWAMP monitoring. 3.2.1 Thresholds In order to use the data to assess the health of the watershed, thresholds were established for each indicator: water quality, toxicity, bioassessment, fish tissue, and physical habitat. Exceedance of appropriate thresholds was considered evidence for impact on watershed health. Water chemistry data from this study were compared to water quality objectives established by state and federal agencies to protect the most sensitive beneficial uses designated in the San Juan HU. Therefore, the most stringent water quality objectives (e.g., municipal drinking water, aquatic life, etc.) for the measured constituents were used as thresholds points to evaluate the data. The Water Quality Control Plan For the San Diego Basin (BP) was the primary source of water chemistry thresholds. Other sources for standards used in water chemistry thresholds included the California Toxics Rule (CTR), the Environmental Protection Agency National Aquatic Life Criteria (EPA), the National Academy of Sciences Health Advisory (NASHA), United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), and the California Code of Regulations §64449 (CCR). The sources for thresholds used in this study are shown in Table 5.

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Table 5. Threshold sources Indicator Source Citation

Water chemistry Water Quality Control Plan For the San Diego Basin (BP)

California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region. 1994. Water quality control plan for the San Diego Region. San Diego, CA. http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/programs/basinplan.html

California Toxics Rule (CTR)

Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Water quality standards: Establishment of numeric criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the state of California: Proposed Rule. Federal Register 62:42159-42208.

EPA National Aquatic Life Criteria (EPA)

Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. National recommended water quality criteria. EPA-822-R-02-047. Office of Water. Washington, DC.

National Academy of Sciences Health Advisory (NASHA)

National Academy of Sciences. 1977. Drinking Water and Health. Volume 1. Washington, DC.

US Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2007. Integrated Risk Information System. http://www.epa.gov/iris/index.html. Office of Research and Development. Washington, DC.

California Code of Regulations §64449 (CCR)

California Code of Regulations. 2007. Secondary drinking water standards. Register 2007, No. 8. Title 22, division 4, article 16.

Fish tissue Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 2006. Draft development of guidance tissue levels and screening values for common contaminants in California Sports Fish: Chlordane, DDTs, Dieldrin, Methylmercury, PCBs, Selenium, and Toxaphene. Sacramento, CA.

Bioassessment Ode et al. 2005 Ode, P.R., A.C. Rehn and J.T. May. 2005. A quantitative tool for assessing the integrity of southern California coastal streams. Environmental Management 35:493-504.

Although human health thresholds (e.g., drinking water standards) were applied to relevant water chemistry data, this report focuses on aquatic life, and does not address the risks to human health in the San Juan HU. When multiple thresholds were applicable to a single constituent, the most stringent threshold was used. Water chemistry thresholds for aquatic life and human health standards used in this study are presented in Table 6. Impacts were assessed as the total number of constituents exceeding threshold, as opposed to the fraction of constituents. The fraction of constituents exceeding thresholds is not an ecologically meaningful statistic because the number of constituents below thresholds does not degrade or improve the ecological health of a site.

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http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/programs/basinplan.html

http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/programs/basinplan.html

http://www.epa.gov/iris/index.html


Table 6. Water chemistry thresholds for aquatic life and human health standards. San Diego Basin Plan (BP); California Toxics Rule (CTR); Environmental Protection Agency National Aquatic Life Standards (EPA); National Academy of Science Health Advisory (NASHA); Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); California Code of Regulations §64449 (CCR). Sulfate threshold of 500 mg/l applies to the Laguna Creek Hydrologic Sub Area (HSU 901.1) (*).

Category Constituent Threshold Unit Source Threshold Unit SourceInorganics Alkalinity as CaCO3 20000 mg/l EPA none mg/l noneInorganics Ammonia as N 0.025 mg/l BP none mg/l noneInorganics Nitrate + Nitrite as N 10 mg/l BP none mg/l noneInorganics Phosphorus as P,Total 0.1 mg/l BP none mg/l noneInorganics Selenium,Dissolved 5 µg/l CTR none µg/l noneInorganics Sulfate 250* mg/l BP none mg/l noneMetals Aluminum,Dissolved 1000 µg/l BP none µg/l noneMetals Arsenic,Dissolved 50 µg/l BP 150 µg/l CTRMetals Cadmium,Dissolved 5 µg/l BP 2.2 µg/l CTRMetals Chromium,Dissolved 50 µg/l BP none µg/l noneMetals Copper,Dissolved 9 µg/l CTR 1300 µg/l CTRMetals Lead,Dissolved 2.5 µg/l CTR none µg/l noneMetals Manganese,Dissolved 0.05 µg/l none none µg/l noneMetals Nickel,Dissolved 52 µg/l CTR 610 µg/l CTRMetals Silver,Dissolved 3.4 µg/l CTR none µg/l noneMetals Zinc,Dissolved 120 µg/l CTR none µg/l nonePAHs Acenaphthene none µg/l none 1200 µg/l CTRPAHs Anthracene none µg/l none 9600 µg/l CTRPAHs Benz(a)anthracene none µg/l none 0.0044 µg/l CTRPAHs Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0002 µg/l BP 0.0044 µg/l CTRPAHs Benzo(b)fluoranthene none µg/l none 0.0044 µg/l CTRPAHs Benzo(k)fluoranthene none µg/l none 0.0044 µg/l CTRPAHs Chrysene none µg/l none 0.0044 µg/l CTRPAHs Dibenz(a,h)anthracene none µg/l none 0.0044 µg/l CTRPAHs Fluoranthene none µg/l none 300 µg/l CTRPAHs Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene none µg/l none 0.0044 µg/l CTRPAHs Pyrene none µg/l none 960 µg/l CTRPCBs PCBs 0.014 µg/l CTR 0.00017 µg/l CTRPesticides Aldrin 3 µg/l CTR 1.3E-07 µg/l CTRPesticides Ametryn none µg/l none 60 µg/l EPAPesticides Atrazine 3 µg/l BP 0.2 µg/l OEHHAPesticides Azinphos ethyl none µg/l none 87.5 µg/l NASHAPesticides Azinphos methyl none µg/l none 87.5 µg/l NASHAPesticides DDD(p,p') none µg/l none 0.00083 µg/l CTRPesticides DDE(p,p') none µg/l none 0.00059 µg/l CTRPesticides DDT(p,p') none µg/l none 0.00059 µg/l CTRPesticides Dieldrin none µg/l none 0.00014 µg/l CTRPesticides Dimethoate none µg/l none 1.4 µg/l IRISPesticides Endosulfan sulfate none µg/l none 110 µg/l CTRPesticides Endrin 0.002 µg/l BP 0.76 µg/l CTRPesticides Endrin Aldehyde none µg/l none 0.76 µg/l CTRPesticides Endrin Ketone none µg/l none 0.85 µg/l CTRPesticides Heptachlor 0.0038 µg/l CTR 0.00021 µg/l CTRPesticides Heptachlor epoxide 0.0038 µg/l CTR 0.0001 µg/l CTRPesticides Hexachlorobenzene 1 µg/l BP 0.00075 µg/l CTRPesticides Methoxychlor 40 µg/l BP none µg/l nonePesticides Molinate 20 µg/l BP none µg/l nonePesticides Oxychlordane none µg/l none 0.000023 µg/l CTRPesticides Simazine 4 µg/l BP none µg/l nonePesticides Thiobencarb 70 µg/l BP none µg/l nonePhysical Oxygen, Dissolved 5 mg/l BP none mg/l nonePhysical pH >6 and <8 pH BP none pH nonePhysical Specific Conductivity 1600 μS/cm CCR none mS/cm nonePhysical Turbidity 20 NTU BP none NTU none

Aquatic life Human health

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Several anthropogenic water chemistry constituents had no applicable threshold (e.g., malathion), and impacts from these constituents would not be detected using the threshold-based approach described above. To assess the impact from these constituents, the number of organic constituents (i.e., PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides) detected at each site were calculated. The total number of sites at which these compounds were detected was recorded.

Thresholds for toxicity assays were determined by comparing study

samples to control samples(non-toxic reference samples). Samples meeting the following criteria were considered toxic: 1) treatment responses significantly different from controls, as determined by a statistical t-test; and 2) endpoints less than 80% of controls. To summarize the toxicity at a site using multiple endpoints, the frequency of toxic samples was calculated. To assign equal weight to all three indicators, a single endpoint of chronic toxicity per indicator was used (C. dubia: fecundity, H. azteca: growth, and S. capricornutum: total cell count).

Thresholds for tissue samples shown in Table 7 were derived from the Draft Development of Guidance Tissue Levels and Screening Values for Common Contaminant in California Sport Fish: Chlordane, DDTs, Dieldrin, Methylmercury, PCBs, Selenium, and Toxaphene (OEHHA 2006). Several constituents, including total Mercury, had no applicable threshold. Because Methylmercury accounts for more than 95% of Mercury in fish tissues, the threshold for Methylmercury was applied to Mercury concentrations (OEHHA 2006).

Table 7. Threshold concentrations for fish tissue contaminants established by OEHHA. All thresholds apply to wet-weight concentrations.

Category Constituent Source Threshold Unit Inorganics Selenium OEHHA 1.94 ppm PCBs PCBs OEHHA 20 ppm Pesticides Chlordane OEHHA 200 ng/g Pesticides DDTs OEHHA 560 ng/g Pesticides Dieldrin OEHHA 16 ng/g Pesticides Toxaphene OEHHA 220 ng/g Metals Mercury OEHHA 0.08 ppm

*The threshold for methylmercury was used as a threshold for total mercury concentrations. Thresholds for bioassessment samples were based on a benthic macroinvertebrate index of biological integrity (IBI) that was developed specifically for southern California (Ode et al. 2005). The results of the IBI produces a measure of impairment with scores scaled from 0 to 100, 0 representing the poorest health and 100 the best health. Based on the IBI, samples with scores equal to or below 40 are considered to be in “poor” condition, and samples below 20 are considered to be in “very poor” condition. Therefore, in this study samples with an IBI below 40 were considered impacted.

18


Thresholds for the evaluation of physical habitat have not been established. Therefore, measurements of physical habitat were excluded from the overall assessment of ecological health. However, because the protocol used to evaluate physical habitat qualitatively assigns scores lower than 10 (out of 20) to streams in poor condition, this number was used to determine sites with severely degraded habitat. Sites with scores below 15 were considered moderately degraded, and those with scores greater than 15 were considered unimpacted (California Department of Fish and Game 2003).

3.2.2 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) The SWAMP QAMP guided QA/QC for all data collected under SWAMP (See SWAMP QAMP for detailed descriptions of QA/QC protocols, Puckett 2002). QA/QC officers flagged non-compliant physical habitat, water chemistry, toxicity, and tissue results. No chemistry, toxicity, or tissue data were excluded as a result of QA/QC violations. QA/QC procedures for NPDES water chemistry data and for Camp Pendleton were similar to those used in SWAMP . Non-SWAMP bioassessment samples were screened for samples containing fewer than 450 individuals. No bioassessment sample was excluded from this analysis. Details on QA/QC and on sampling methods for San Diego County NPDES can be found in Weston Solutions Inc. (2006), for Orange County NPDES in Weston Solutions Inc (2006), and for Camp Pendleton in Weston Solutions Inc. (2007).

4. RESULTS 4.1 Water Chemistry Analysis of water chemistry at SWAMP sites indicated widespread impact to water quality from multiple constituents (Table 8; Figure 6). Across the entire watershed, 31 PAHs, 8 PCBs, and 28 pesticides were detected. The number of PAHs detected ranged from two at a site (at the Upper San Juan Creek and San Mateo Creek) to more than twenty (at English Creek and Oso Creek). PCBs were not detected at two of the reference sites (Upper Arroyo Trabuco and San Mateo Creek), as well as at Bell Canyon Creek. Between 1 and 4 PCB constituents were found at all other sites, including the Morro Canyon Creek reference site. Few pesticides (i.e., between 1 and 3) were detected at reference sites and at the upper San Juan Creek. Furthermore, no pesticides were detected at Bell Canyon Creek. However, a high number of pesticides (i.e., between 12 and 14) were detected at all other sites in the watershed. Means and standard deviations of all constituents are presented in Appendix II.

19


Table 8. Number of anthropogenic organic compounds detected at each site in San Juan HU.

PAHs PCBs Pesticides Site Tested Detected Tested Detected Tested Detected 901SJALC6 43 12 50 2 91 13 901SJATC2 43 7 50 0 91 2 901SJATC5 43 17 50 1 91 14 901SJBEL2 43 3 50 0 91 0 901SJENG2 43 27 50 1 91 14 901SJLAG2 43 13 50 2 91 13 901SJMCC2 43 4 50 1 91 1 901SJOSO3 43 25 50 4 91 13 901SJSJC5 43 2 50 2 91 1 901SJSJC9 43 6 50 2 91 12 901SJSMT2 43 2 50 0 91 3 Ali sites 43 31 50 8 91 28

Several organic compounds were widespread throughout the watershed (Table 9). For example, C1- and C2-dibenzothiophenes were found at nearly every site, and many pesticides and PAHs were found at the majority of sites (the PAHs benzo(b)fluoranthene, C3-dibenzothiophene, C1-fluorene, C3- and C4-naphthalenes, C1-, C2- and C3-phenanthrene/anthracene; one PCB (PCB087); and the pesticides dacthal, p,p’-DDE, diazinon, disulfotan, delta HCH, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, and oxadiazon). Fifty-five additional constituents were detected at one or more sites in the San Juan HU.

Table 9. Frequency of detection of anthropogenic organic compounds in the San Juan HU. Constituent not detected at any site (--)

Category Constituent Tested Detected FrequencyPAHs Acenaphthene 11 0 --PAHs Acenaphthylene 11 0 --PAHs Anthracene 11 0 --PAHs Benz(a)anthracene 11 0 --PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene 11 1 0.1PAHs Benzo(b)fluoranthene 11 6 0.5PAHs Benzo(e)pyrene 11 2 0.2PAHs Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 11 3 0.3PAHs Benzo(k)fluoranthene 11 1 0.1PAHs Biphenyl 11 0 --PAHs Chrysene 11 2 0.2PAHs Chrysenes, C1 - 11 3 0.3PAHs Chrysenes, C2 - 11 4 0.4PAHs Chrysenes, C3 - 11 2 0.2PAHs Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 11 1 0.1PAHs Dibenzothiophene 11 3 0.3PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C1 - 11 10 0.9PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C2 - 11 10 0.9PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C3 - 11 7 0.6PAHs Dimethylnaphthalene, 2,6- 11 0 --

20


Table 9, continued. Frequency of detection of anthropogenic organic compounds. Category Constituent Tested Detected FrequencyPAHs Fluoranthene 11 2 0.2PAHs Fluoranthene/Pyrenes, C1 - 11 1 0.1PAHs Fluorene 11 0 --PAHs Fluorenes, C1 - 11 5 0.5PAHs Fluorenes, C2 - 11 3 0.3PAHs Fluorenes, C3 - 11 7 0.6PAHs Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 11 2 0.2PAHs Methylnaphthalene, 1- 11 0 --PAHs Methylnaphthalene, 2- 11 0 --PAHs Methylphenanthrene, 1- 11 0 --PAHs Naphthalene 11 2 0.2PAHs Naphthalenes, C1 - 11 2 0.2PAHs Naphthalenes, C2 - 11 3 0.3PAHs Naphthalenes, C3 - 11 7 0.6PAHs Naphthalenes, C4 - 11 6 0.5PAHs Perylene 11 2 0.2PAHs Phenanthrene 11 0 --PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C1 - 11 7 0.6PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C2 - 11 5 0.5PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C3 - 11 5 0.5PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C4 - 11 1 0.1PAHs Pyrene 11 3 0.3PAHs Trimethylnaphthalene, 2,3,5- 11 0 --PCBs PCB 005 11 2 0.2PCBs PCB 008 11 1 0.1PCBs PCB 015 11 0 --PCBs PCB 018 11 0 --PCBs PCB 027 11 0 --PCBs PCB 028 11 0 --PCBs PCB 029 11 0 --PCBs PCB 031 11 1 0.1PCBs PCB 033 11 0 --PCBs PCB 044 11 0 --PCBs PCB 049 11 0 --PCBs PCB 052 11 1 0.1PCBs PCB 056 11 0 --PCBs PCB 060 11 0 --PCBs PCB 066 11 0 --PCBs PCB 070 11 0 --PCBs PCB 074 11 0 --PCBs PCB 087 11 6 0.5PCBs PCB 095 11 0 --PCBs PCB 097 11 0 --PCBs PCB 099 11 0 --PCBs PCB 101 11 0 --PCBs PCB 105 11 0 --PCBs PCB 110 11 0 --PCBs PCB 114 11 0 --PCBs PCB 118 11 0 --

21


Table 9, continued. Frequency of detection of anthropogenic organic compounds. Category Constituent Tested Detected FrequencyPCBs PCB 128 11 0 --PCBs PCB 137 11 0 --PCBs PCB 138 11 0 --PCBs PCB 141 11 0 --PCBs PCB 149 11 0 --PCBs PCB 151 11 0 --PCBs PCB 153 11 0 --PCBs PCB 156 11 0 --PCBs PCB 157 11 0 --PCBs PCB 158 11 0 --PCBs PCB 170 11 0 --PCBs PCB 174 11 0 --PCBs PCB 177 11 0 --PCBs PCB 180 11 0 --PCBs PCB 183 11 0 --PCBs PCB 187 11 2 0.2PCBs PCB 189 11 0 --PCBs PCB 194 11 1 0.1PCBs PCB 195 11 1 0.1PCBs PCB 200 11 0 --PCBs PCB 201 11 0 --PCBs PCB 203 11 0 --PCBs PCB 206 11 0 --PCBs PCB 209 11 0 --Pesticides Aldrin 11 0 --Pesticides Ametryn 11 0 --Pesticides Aspon 11 0 --Pesticides Atraton 11 0 --Pesticides Atrazine 11 0 --Pesticides Azinphos ethyl 11 0 --Pesticides Azinphos methyl 11 0 --Pesticides Bolstar 11 0 --Pesticides Carbophenothion 11 0 --Pesticides Chlordane, cis- 11 2 0.2Pesticides Chlordane, trans- 11 1 0.1Pesticides Chlordene, alpha- 11 0 --Pesticides Chlordene, gamma- 11 4 0.4Pesticides Chlorfenvinphos 11 0 --Pesticides Chlorpyrifos 11 0 --Pesticides Chlorpyrifos methyl 11 0 --Pesticides Ciodrin 11 0 --Pesticides Coumaphos 11 0 --Pesticides Dacthal 11 5 0.5Pesticides DDD(o,p') 11 0 --Pesticides DDD(p,p') 11 1 0.1Pesticides DDE(o,p') 11 1 0.1Pesticides DDE(p,p') 11 6 0.5Pesticides DDMU(p,p') 11 0 --Pesticides DDT(o,p') 11 0 --Pesticides DDT(p,p') 11 3 0.3

22


Table 9, continued. Frequency of detection of anthropogenic organic compounds. Category Constituent Tested Detected FrequencyPesticides Demeton-s 11 0 --Pesticides Diazinon 11 6 0.5Pesticides Dichlofenthion 11 0 --Pesticides Dichlorvos 11 0 --Pesticides Dicrotophos 11 0 --Pesticides Dieldrin 11 3 0.3Pesticides Dimethoate 11 1 0.1Pesticides Dioxathion 11 0 --Pesticides Disulfoton 11 5 0.5Pesticides Endosulfan I 11 4 0.4Pesticides Endosulfan II 11 1 0.1Pesticides Endosulfan sulfate 11 4 0.4Pesticides Endrin 11 2 0.2Pesticides Endrin Aldehyde 11 0 --Pesticides Endrin Ketone 11 0 --Pesticides Ethion 11 0 --Pesticides Ethoprop 11 0 --Pesticides Famphur 11 0 --Pesticides Fenchlorphos 11 0 --Pesticides Fenitrothion 11 0 --Pesticides Fensulfothion 11 0 --Pesticides Fenthion 11 0 --Pesticides Fonofos 11 0 --Pesticides HCH, alpha 11 1 0.1Pesticides HCH, beta 11 0 --Pesticides HCH, delta 11 5 0.5Pesticides HCH, gamma 11 0 --Pesticides Heptachlor 11 0 --Pesticides Heptachlor epoxide 11 5 0.5Pesticides Hexachlorobenzene 11 5 0.5Pesticides Leptophos 11 0 --Pesticides Malathion 11 0 --Pesticides Merphos 11 0 --Pesticides Methidathion 11 0 --Pesticides Methoxychlor 11 0 --Pesticides Mevinphos 11 0 --Pesticides Mirex 11 0 --Pesticides Molinate 11 0 --Pesticides Naled 11 0 --Pesticides Nonachlor, cis- 11 1 0.1Pesticides Nonachlor, trans- 11 2 0.2Pesticides Oxadiazon 11 8 0.7Pesticides Oxychlordane 11 4 0.4Pesticides Parathion, Ethyl 11 0 --Pesticides Parathion, Methyl 11 0 --Pesticides Phorate 11 0 --Pesticides Phosmet 11 0 --Pesticides Phosphamidon 11 0 --Pesticides Prometon 11 0 --

23


Table 9, continued. Frequency of detection of anthropogenic organic compounds. Category Constituent Tested Detected FrequencyPesticides Prometryn 11 0 --Pesticides Propazine 11 0 --Pesticides Secbumeton 11 2 0.2Pesticides Simazine 11 1 0.1Pesticides Simetryn 11 0 --Pesticides Sulfotep 11 0 --Pesticides Tedion 11 2 0.2Pesticides Terbufos 11 0 --Pesticides Terbuthylazine 11 0 --Pesticides Terbutryn 11 0 --Pesticides Tetrachlorvinphos 11 0 --Pesticides Thiobencarb 11 1 0.1Pesticides Thionazin 11 0 --Pesticides Tokuthion 11 0 --Pesticides Trichlorfon 11 0 --Pesticides Trichloronate 11 0 --

Comparison with applicable aquatic life and human health thresholds

support the conclusion that water quality is impacted by these constituents (Table 10, Figure 6, 7). Nutrients, sulfate, selenium, manganese, specific conductivity, pH, and turbidity frequently exceeded aquatic life thresholds at several sites (Table 11). At certain sites, copper, benzo(a)pyrene, and heptachlor epoxide also exceeded aquatic life standards. In general, fewer constituents exceeded human health standards, although exceedances of benzo(b)fluoranthene, p,p’-DDE, and heptachlor epoxide were widespread (Table 10; Figure 7).

24


25

Table 10. Frequency of water chemistry threshold exceedances. A) Frequency of aquatic life threshold exceedances at SWAMP sites. B) Frequency of human health threshold exceedances at SWAMP sites. C) Frequency of aquatic life threshold exceedances at non-SWAMP sites. D) Frequency of human health thresholds at non-SWAMP sites. Freq = Frequency of samples exceeding applicable thresholds at each site. AL = Aquatic life. HH = Human health. -- = Constituent never exceeded threshold. NA = No applicable thresholds at that site. Empty cells indicate that the constituent was not measured at the site. (*) Sulfate threshold of 500 mg/l was applied to the Laguna Creek Hydrologic Subarea (HSU 901.1). This sub area includes 901SJMCC2 and 901SJLAG2.

901SJALC6 901SJATC2 901SJATC5 901SJBEL2 901SJENG2 901SJLAG2 901SJMCC2 901SJOSO3 901SJSJC5 901SJSJC9 901SJSMT2Category Constituent Threshold Source Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq nInorganics Alkalinity as CaCO3 20000 mg/l EPA -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Inorganics Ammonia as N 0.025 mg/l BP 0.50 4 0.50 2 0.25 4 0.50 2 0.75 4 0.50 4 1.00 4 0.75 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 2Inorganics Nitrate + Nitrite as N 10 mg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Inorganics Phosphorus as P,Total 0.1 mg/l BP 1.00 4 0.50 2 0.25 4 0.50 2 0.75 4 1.00 4 1.00 4 0.75 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2Inorganics Selenium,Dissolved 5 µg/l CTR 0.75 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 0.75 4 -- 4 1.00 4 0.75 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 2Inorganics Sulfate 250 mg/l* BP 0.75 4 -- 3 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 1.00 4 0.75 4 -- 4 0.75 4 -- 2Metals Aluminum,Dissolved 1000 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Arsenic,Dissolved 50 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Cadmium,Dissolved 5 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Chromium,Dissolved 50 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Copper,Dissolved 9 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 0.25 4 0.50 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Lead,Dissolved 2.5 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Manganese,Dissolved 0.05 µg/l BP 0.75 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 0.75 4 1.00 4 0.50 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 2Metals Nickel,Dissolved 52 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Silver,Dissolved 3.4 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Zinc,Dissolved 120 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0002 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PCBs PCBs 0.014 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Aldrin 3 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Atrazine 3 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Endrin 0.002 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Heptachlor 0.0038 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Heptachlor epoxide 0.0038 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Hexachlorobenzene 1 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Methoxychlor 40 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Molinate 20 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Simazine 4 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Thiobencarb 70 µg/l BP -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Physical pH >6 or <8 pH units BP 0.50 4 0.50 2 0.33 3 -- 2 0.75 4 -- 4 -- 4 0.75 4 0.25 4 0.25 4 0.50 2Physical SpecificConductivity 1.6 mS/cm CCR 0.75 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 2 0.25 4 0.25 4 1.00 4 0.75 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 2Physical Turbidity 20 NTU BP 0.25 4 0.50 2 0.25 4 0.50 2 0.25 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2

A. Aquatic life


Table 10, continued. Frequency of water chemistry threshold exceedances. 901SJMCC2 901SJOSO3 901SJSJC5 901SJSJC9 901SJSMT2 901SJMCC2 901SJOSO3 901SJSJC5 901SJSJC9 901SJSMT2

Category Constituent Threshold Source Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq n Freq nMetals Arsenic,Dissolved 150 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Cadmium,Dissolved 2.2 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Copper,Dissolved 1300 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Metals Nickel,Dissolved 610 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Acenaphthene 1200 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Anthracene 9600 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Benz(a)anthracene 0.0044 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0044 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.0044 µg/l CTR 0.25 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 0.25 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.0044 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Chrysene 0.0044 µg/l CTR -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 0.0044 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Fluoranthene 300 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 0.0044 µg/l CTR -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PAHs Pyrene 960 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2PCBs PCBs 0.00017 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Aldrin 0.00000013 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Ametryn 60 µg/l EPA -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Atrazine 0.2 µg/l OEHHA -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Azinphos ethyl 87.5 µg/l NASHA -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Azinphos methyl 87.5 µg/l NASHA -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides DDD(p,p') 0.00083 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides DDE(p,p') 0.00059 µg/l CTR -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 2 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 2Pesticides DDT(p,p') 0.00059 µg/l CTR -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 0.50 2 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 0.50 2Pesticides Dieldrin 0.00014 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2Pesticides Dimethoate 1.4 µg/l IRIS -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Endosulfan sulfate 110 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Endrin 0.76 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Endrin Aldehyde 0.76 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Endrin Ketone 0.85 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Heptachlor 0.00021 µg/l CTR -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Heptachlor epoxide 0.0001 µg/l CTR -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2Pesticides Hexachlorobenzene 0.00075 µg/l CTR -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- 2Pesticides Oxychlordane 0.000023 µg/l CTR -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 4 0.25 4 -- 2

B. Human Health

26


27

00

Table 10, continued. Frequency of water chemistry threshold exceedances. C. Aquatic life (non-SWAMP)

Constituent Cadmium Copper oxygen Nickel pH conductivity phosphorus TurbidityThreshold 5 ug/l 9 ug/l 5 mg/l 52 ug/l 1.6 mS/cm 0.1 mg/l 20 NTU

Site Specific location BP n CTR n BP n CTR n BP n CCR n BP n BP n1 AC-CCR 0 0 -- 6 0 0.33 6 1.00 6 0 02 AC-PPD 0 0 -- 6 0 0.67 6 1.00 6 0 04 REF-AT2 0 0 -- 4 0 0.50 4 -- 4 0 06 SJC-74 0 0 -- 5 0 0.60 5 0.40 5 0 0

10 SMC-I5 0 0 0.50 2 0 -- 2 -- 2 0 -- 211 WC-WCT 0 0 -- 2 0 1.00 2 1.00 2 0 012 AC-ACP 0 0 -- 6 0 0.50 6 1.00 6 0 013 CC-CR 0 0 -- 4 0 0.25 4 -- 4 0 014 EC-MD 0 0 -- 6 0 0.83 6 0.83 6 0 015 LC-133 0 0 -- 6 0 0.83 6 0.50 6 0 016 LP-BR 0 0 -- 4 0 0.25 4 -- 4 0 -- 217 PD-CGV 0 0 -- 1 0 1.00 1 1.00 1 0 018 REF-BC 0 0 0.25 4 0 0.25 4 -- 4 0 019 REF-CS 0 0 -- 6 0 1.00 6 -- 6 0 020 SC-MB 0 0 -- 6 0 0.17 6 1.00 6 0 021 SD-AP 0 0 -- 6 0 0.33 6 1.00 6 0 022 SJC-CC 0 0 0.17 6 0 0.33 6 0.83 6 0 023 SOC-2 0 0 0 0 1.00 1 -- 1 0 024 SOC-I5 0 0 -- 2 0 -- 2 -- 2 0 0.50 225 TC-AP 0 0 -- 6 0 0.67 6 -- 6 0 026 TC-DO 0 0 -- 6 0 1.00 6 1.00 6 0 027 Narco Downstream 0.97 36 0.08 12 0 0.97 36 0 1.00 11 1.00 12 027 Narco Upstream 1.00 12 -- 12 0 1.00 12 0 1.00 11 1.00 12 028 Lower Reach Downstream end 0 0 0 0 0 0 028 Lower Reach midreach (La Plata) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28Middle Reach Downstream end (La Paz)-Post construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28Middle Reach Downstream end

0(La Paz)-

Pre construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28Middle Reach upstream end

0(Nueva

Vista) - Post construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28Middle Reach upstream end

0(Nueva

Vista) - Pre construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 028 Upper Reach - Upper End 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dissolved

>6 or <8

Specific Total

00

Table 10, continued. Frequency of water chemistry threshold exceedances. D. Human health (non-SWAMP)

2.2 ug/l 1300 ug/l 1.4 ng/l 610 ug/lSite Specific location CTR n CTR n EPA n CTR n27 Narco Channel (downstream) 1.00 36 -- 12 -- 4 0 36

Narco Channel (upstream) 1.00 12 -- 12 -- 4 -- 12

Cadmium Copper Dimethoate Nickel


Table 11. Frequency of SWAMP sites with aquatic life and human health threshold exceedances of each constituent. Number of SWAMP sites included in evaluation (n). Constituent never exceeded threshold at any site (--). No applicable threshold for constituent (NA).

Category Constituent n Aquatic life Human healthInorganics Alkalinity as CaCO3 11 -- NAInorganics Ammonia as N 11 0.82 NAInorganics Nitrate + Nitrite as N 11 -- NAInorganics Phosphorus as P,Total 11 0.82 NAInorganics Selenium,Dissolved 11 0.45 NAInorganics Sulfate 11 0.36 NAMetals Aluminum,Dissolved 11 -- NAMetals Arsenic,Dissolved 11 -- --Metals Cadmium,Dissolved 11 -- --Metals Chromium,Dissolved 11 -- NAMetals Copper,Dissolved 11 0.18 --Metals Lead,Dissolved 11 -- NAMetals Manganese,Dissolved 11 0.45 NAMetals Nickel,Dissolved 11 -- --Metals Silver,Dissolved 11 -- NAMetals Zinc,Dissolved 11 -- NAPAHs Acenaphthene 11 NA --PAHs Anthracene 11 NA --PAHs Benz(a)anthracene 11 NA --PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene 11 0.09 0.09PAHs Benzo(b)fluoranthene 11 NA 0.55PAHs Benzo(k)fluoranthene 11 NA 0.09PAHs Chrysene 11 NA 0.18PAHs Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 11 NA 0.09PAHs Fluoranthene 11 NA --PAHs Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 11 NA 0.18PAHs Pyrene 11 NA --PCBs PCBs 11 -- --Pesticides Aldrin 11 -- --Pesticides Ametryn 11 NA --Pesticides Atrazine 11 -- --Pesticides Azinphos ethyl 11 NA --Pesticides Azinphos methyl 11 NA --Pesticides DDD(p,p') 11 NA 0.09Pesticides DDE(p,p') 11 NA 0.55Pesticides DDT(p,p') 11 NA 0.27Pesticides Dieldrin 11 NA 0.27Pesticides Dimethoate 11 NA --Pesticides Endosulfan sulfate 11 NA --Pesticides Endrin 11 -- --Pesticides Endrin Aldehyde 11 NA --Pesticides Endrin Ketone 11 NA --Pesticides Heptachlor 11 -- --Pesticides Heptachlor epoxide 11 0.09 0.45Pesticides Hexachlorobenzene 11 -- 0.09Pesticides Methoxychlor 11 -- NAPesticides Molinate 11 -- NAPesticides Oxychlordane 11 NA 0.36Pesticides Simazine 11 -- NAPesticides Thiobencarb 11 -- NAPhysical Oxygen, Dissolved 0 nt NAPhysical pH 11 0.73 NAPhysical SpecificConductivity 11 0.55 NAPhysical Turbidity 11 0.64 NA

28


Figure 6. Map of aquatic life threshold exceedances for water chemistry at SWAMP sites. White circles indicate sites with one or fewer exceedances. Pink circles indicate sites with 2 to 5 exceedances. Red circles indicate sites with 6 to 9 exceedances. At all sites, 31 constituents were assessed.

Figure 7. Map of human health exceedances for water chemistry at SWAMP sites. White circles indicate sites with one or fewer exceedances. Pink circles indicate sites with 2 to 5 exceedances. Red circles indicate sites with 6 to 9 exceedances. At all sites, 34 constituents were assessed.

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All sites in San Juan HU exceeded certain aquatic life and human health thresholds (Table 12; Figure 6, 7). Aliso Creek (901SJALC6), English Creek, Morro Canyon Creek, Oso Creek, and the lower San Juan Creek (901SJSJC9) each had eight exceedances of aquatic life thresholds. Reference sites ranged from having few exceedances (one at San Mateo Creek), moderate (four at Upper Arroyo Trabuco Creek), to high (eight at Morro Canyon Creek) numbers of aquatic life threshold exceedances. A high number of human health exceedances (i.e., 8 or more) were observed at English Creek and Oso Creek.

Table 12. Number of constituents exceeding thresholds at each SWAMP site.

Site Aquatic

life Human health

901SJALC6 8 4 901SJATC2 4 1 901SJATC5 4 3 901SJBEL2 3 0 901SJENG2 8 10 901SJLAG2 4 4 901SJMCC2 8 1 901SJOSO3 8 8 901SJSJC5 1 0 901SJSJC9 8 4 901SJSMT2 1 1

Results from non-SWAMP water chemistry monitoring at 23 sites were

similar to results from SWAMP (Table 10C and D, above). For example, specific conductivity and pH frequently exceeded aquatic life thresholds at nearly every site. In addition, non-SWAMP monitoring found that dissolved oxygen was generally within acceptable levels. However, cadmium and nickel exceeded thresholds at Narco Channel on nearly every sampling date. 4.2 Toxicity

Toxicity was evident at nearly every site within the watershed, although results varied among sites and indicators (Table 13; Figure 8; Appendix III). Severity was high at English Creek, Oso Creek, and Laguna Canyon Creek, which showed evidence of toxicity to all three indicator species on at least one sampling date. No toxicity was evident at Bell Canyon Creek, although sediment toxicity was not assessed at this site. Across the watershed, chronic toxicity was observed in 30% of 96 samples.

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Table 13. Frequency of toxicity detected for each endpoint and at each site. A sample was considered toxic if the percent control of the endpoint was less than 80% of reference samples, and the difference was considered significant at 0.05. Number of samples where the endpoint was evaluated (n). Toxicity not detected in any sample (--). A. Sites sampled under SWAMP. B. Sites sampled under OC NPDES. A. SWAMP sitesSite Surival n Young/Female n Survival n Growth n Total cell count n Frequency n901SJALC6 -- 3 -- 3 0.25 4 -- 3 0.75 4 0.30 10901SJATC2 -- 2 -- 2 1.00 1 no survival 0 -- 2 0.20 5901SJATC5 -- 4 -- 4 -- 3 0.33 3 0.75 4 0.36 11901SJBEL2 -- 2 -- 2 not tested 0 not tested 0 -- 2 0.00 4901SJENG2 0.50 4 -- 3 0.50 4 0.25 4 0.50 4 0.27 11901SJLAG2 0.25 4 -- 4 0.50 4 -- 4 1.00 4 0.33 12901SJMCC2 -- 2 -- 2 -- 4 -- 4 1.00 4 0.40 10901SJOSO3 0.33 3 -- 3 0.50 2 -- 1 1.00 4 0.50 8901SJSJC5 -- 4 -- 4 -- 1 -- 1 -- 4 0.00 9901SJSJC9 -- 4 -- 4 0.25 4 0.25 4 1.00 4 0.42 12901SJSMT2 -- 2 -- 2 not tested 0 not tested 0 0.50 2 0.25 4Mean of all sites 0.12 34 -- 33 0.30 27 0.13 24 0.66 38 0.30 96

C. dubia H. azteca S. capricornutum Multiple indicators

Table 13, continued. Frequency of toxicity.

B. Non-SWAMP sitesSite Survival n Growth n Survival n Total cell count n Survival n Growth n

1 -- 7 -- 7 -- 7 -- 6 -- 3 -- 32 -- 7 0.14 7 -- 7 -- 7 -- 3 -- 34 -- 5 0.17 6 -- 6 -- 5 0 06 -- 7 -- 7 -- 7 -- 7 0 0

11 -- 2 -- 2 0.50 2 -- 2 -- 1 -- 112 0.29 7 0.29 7 0.14 7 -- 7 -- 3 0.33 313 -- 5 -- 5 -- 5 -- 4 0 014 -- 6 0.17 6 -- 6 -- 5 -- 1 -- 115 -- 7 0.14 7 -- 7 -- 7 0 017 -- 1 1.00 1 -- 1 -- 1 0 018 -- 5 -- 5 -- 5 -- 4 0 019 -- 7 -- 7 -- 7 -- 7 0 020 0.43 7 0.43 7 0.17 6 -- 7 0 021 0.67 6 1.00 5 -- 5 -- 4 0 022 -- 6 -- 6 -- 6 -- 5 0 025 -- 7 -- 7 -- 7 -- 6 0 026 -- 6 -- 6 -- 6 -- 5 0 0

C. dubia H. azteca S. capricornutum P. promelas

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Figure 8. Frequency of toxicity (C. dubia fecundity, H. azteca growth, and S. capricornutum total cell count) at SWAMP sites. White circles indicate low frequency (0.0 to 0.1) of toxicity (this value did not occur in this watershed) . Pink circles indicate moderate frequency (0.1 to 0.5) of toxicity. Red circles indicate high (0.5 to 1.0) frequency of toxicity. S. capricornutum was the most sensitive indicator, as total cell count was

less than 80% of control at most sites in most samples. However, there was no evidence of toxicity to S. capricornutum at three sites, the Upper Arroyo Trabuco site (a designated reference site), the Upper San Juan Creek site, and Bell Canyon Creek. In contrast, at least half of all samples at all other sites were toxic to S. capricornutum, including the other two reference sites.

Toxicity tests using arthropod indicators showed widespread, but

moderate toxicity to H. azteca, and more mild toxicity to C. dubia. Across the watershed, toxicity to H. azteca was observed at 7 sites. Although toxicity to H. azteca was not assessed at one of the reference sites (San Mateo Creek), no acute toxicity was observed at the other two. However, one sample from the Upper Arroyo Trabuco Creek reference site showed evidence of chronic toxicity in one sample. Across the entire watershed, 30% of samples were acutely toxic to H. azteca. Only three sites (Oso Creek, English Creek, and Laguna Canyon Creek) showed evidence of toxicity to C. dubia. Across the entire watershed, 12% of samples were acutely toxic to C. dubia.

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4.3 Tissue

Analysis of fish tissue from Lower Arroyo Trabuco Creek did not find evidence of widespread impact (Table 14; Figure 9). Selenium did not exceed OEHHA thresholds. All other measured constituents lacked applicable thresholds. Every constituent occurred in higher concentration in crayfish tissue than sunfish tissue, particularly aluminum, cadmium, copper, and manganese. Nickel, which was not detected in either specimen, was an exception to this trend. Fish tissue concentrations of PCBs, PAHs, and pesticides were not assessed.

Table 14. Concentrations of contaminants in fish tissues collected at Aliso Creek (901SJALC6), compared with OEHHA thresholds.

Category Constituent Threshold Unit Red-ear sunfish Crayfish

Metals Ag ppm 0.00 0.04 Metals Al ppm 0.22 96.10 Metals As ppm 0.12 0.44 Metals Cd ppm 0.01 0.18 Metals Cr ppm 0.10 0.18 Metals Cu ppm 0.35 13.10 Metals Mn ppm 1.6 55.1 Metals Ni ppm 0.00 0.00 Metals Pb ppm 0.00 0.04 Metals Zn ppm 11.2 15.3 Inorganics Se 1.94 ppm 0.63 0.40

Figure 9. Fish tissue exceedances at SWAMP sites. White circles indicate 1 or fewer exceedances. Pink circles indicate 2 to 3 exceedances (this value did not occur in this watershed). Red circles indicate 4 to 5 exceedances (this value did not occur in this watershed).

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4.4 Bioassessment

Biological health varied widely across the watershed. Mean annual IBI scores ranged from 7.1 (at Prima Deshecha, site 17) to 81.4 (Arroyo Trabuco Creek, site 4) (Table 15; Figure 10). Sites in poor or very poor condition were found throughout the watershed, including near designated SWAMP reference sites. However, high IBI scores were observed at most of the designated reference sites. In addition to site 4, Bell Canyon Creek (site 18) had IBI scores above 60 in both Spring and Fall. In general, headwater sites at the interior of the watersheds of San Juan and San Mateo Creeks had the highest IBI scores. In addition, a site in San Onofre Creek near the coast (site 23) also had a moderately high IBI score (50). There was no consistent effect of season in IBI scores, and the differences between seasons were slight for most sites (Table 15; Figure 11).

Figure 10. IBI scores at sites in the San Juan HU. White circles indicate good or very good (60 to 100) IBI scores. Pink circles indicate fair (40 to 60) IBI scores. Red circles indicate poor (0 to 40) IBI scores. Open circles represent 500-m buffers around SWAMP sites; five of these buffers included bioassessment sites, and six of these buffers did not.

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Figure 11. Mean IBI scores at each bioassessment site and each season. The height of the bar indicates the mean IBI score, and the size of each component of the bar represents the contribution of each metric to the IBI. Sites are split over three plots to improve clarity.

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Table 15. Mean and standard deviation of IBI scores at bioassessment sites within the San Juan HU. Number of samples collected within each season (n). Range from first to last year of sampling at each site (Years). Frequency of poor or very poor IBI scores (IBI <40) at each site and season (Frequency).

Site Season n Years Mean SD Condition Frequency1 Average 13 1998-2005 16.4 0.4 Very poor 0.921 Fall 7 1998-2005 16.1 7.4 Very poor 1.001 Spring 6 1998-2005 16.7 17.8 Very poor 0.832 Average 12 1998-2005 14.9 1.2 Very poor 1.002 Fall 6 1998-2005 15.7 9.9 Very poor 1.002 Spring 6 1998-2005 14 8.6 Very poor 1.003 Average 6 1998-2000 31.9 6.1 Poor 0.673 Fall 3 1998-2000 36.2 3.6 Poor 0.673 Spring 3 1998-2000 27.6 14.5 Poor 0.674 Average 6 2001-2005 68 23 Good 0.174 Fall 2 2003-2005 84.3 12.1 Very good 0.004 Spring 4 2001-2005 51.8 18.6 Fair 0.255 Spring 2 2001-2001 16.4 3 Very poor 1.006 Average 12 1998-2005 23.8 4.8 Poor 1.006 Fall 5 1998-2005 27.1 3.4 Poor 1.006 Spring 7 1998-2005 20.4 4.8 Poor 1.007 Spring 4 2001-2005 31.4 13.7 Poor 0.758 Spring 1 2001-2001 41.4 Fair 0.009 Spring 1 2001-2001 31.4 Poor 1.0010 Average 2 2005-2006 23.6 27.3 Poor 0.5010 Fall 1 2005-2005 42.9 Fair 0.0010 Spring 1 2006-2006 4.3 Very poor 1.0011 Average 5 2001-2004 15.5 6.4 Very poor 1.0011 Fall 2 2002-2004 20 2 Poor 1.0011 Spring 3 2001-2001 11 3 Very poor 1.0012 Average 6 2002-2005 12 3.3 Very poor 1.0012 Fall 4 2002-2005 9.6 4.7 Very poor 1.0012 Spring 2 2003-2005 14.3 2 Very poor 1.0013 Average 4 2003-2005 39.6 4.5 Poor 0.5013 Fall 2 2003-2005 36.4 13.1 Poor 0.5013 Spring 2 2003-2005 42.9 6.1 Fair 0.5014 Average 5 2002-2005 14.5 0.3 Very poor 1.0014 Fall 4 2002-2005 14.6 6.6 Very poor 1.0014 Spring 1 2005-2005 14.3 Very poor 1.0015 Average 6 2002-2005 17 6.8 Very poor 1.0015 Fall 4 2002-2005 21.8 6.2 Poor 1.0015 Spring 2 2003-2005 12.1 3 Very poor 1.0016 Average 4 2004-2006 36.8 0.5 Poor 0.5016 Fall 2 2004-2005 36.4 9.1 Poor 0.5016 Spring 2 2005-2006 37.1 14.1 Poor 0.5017 Average 2 2002-2003 7.1 6.1 Very poor 1.0017 Fall 1 2002-2002 2.9 Very poor 1.0017 Spring 1 2003-2003 11.4 Very poor 1.0018 Average 4 2003-2005 65.7 5.1 Good 0.0018 Fall 2 2004-2005 69.3 9.1 Good 0.0018 Spring 2 2003-2005 62.1 9.1 Good 0.0019 Average 6 2002-2005 33.8 3.3 Poor 0.8319 Fall 4 2002-2005 36.1 11.1 Poor 0.7519 Spring 2 2003-2005 31.4 2 Poor 1.00

IBI

36


Table 15, continued. Mean and standard deviations of IBI scores.

Site Season n Years Mean SD Condition Frequency20 Average 6 2002-2005 7.3 1.3 Very poor 1.0020 Fall 4 2002-2005 8.2 7.9 Very poor 1.0020 Spring 2 2003-2005 6.4 5.1 Very poor 1.0021 Average 6 2002-2005 18.9 0.5 Very poor 1.0021 Fall 4 2002-2005 19.3 5.5 Very poor 1.0021 Spring 2 2003-2005 18.6 4 Very poor 1.0022 Average 6 2002-2005 15.4 3.5 Very poor 1.0022 Fall 4 2002-2005 17.9 12.4 Very poor 1.0022 Spring 2 2003-2005 12.9 4 Very poor 1.0023 Spring 1 2005-2005 50 Fair 0.0024 Average 3 2004-2006 27.9 1 Poor 0.6724 Fall 2 2004-2005 28.6 16.2 Poor 0.5024 Spring 1 2006-2006 27.1 Poor 1.0025 Average 6 2002-2005 17 9.8 Very poor 1.0025 Fall 4 2002-2005 23.9 10.6 Poor 1.0025 Spring 2 2003-2005 10 0 Very poor 1.0026 Average 6 2002-2005 18.8 2.3 Very poor 1.0026 Fall 4 2002-2005 20.4 2.1 Poor 1.0026 Spring 2 2003-2005 17.1 0 Very poor 1.00

IBI

The EPT taxa metric appeared to be most sensitive component of the IBI,

as it only contributed to the IBI at high scoring sites (Figure 11; Appendix IV). In contrast, the % collector and % tolerant taxa were a large component of the total IBI score at all sites, including those with very low IBI scores (e.g., Segunda Deshecha, site 21).

Examination of IBI scores over time did not indicate a trend towards

improving or deteriorating biological condition (Figure 12). Variability among years was high, which may obscure trends in the data. Furthermore, a different set of sites were sampled in the early and late periods of study, increasing spatial variability and obscuring trends.

None of these sites were monitored under SWAMP, and all

bioassessment data came from monitoring efforts by NPDES permittees, Camp Pendleton, or the California Department of Fish and Game.

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Figure 12. IBI values for each year and site. Each symbol represents a single sampling event. Sites are split over three plots to improve clarity.

4.5 Physical Habitat

Physical habitat varied among sites throughout the watershed, although human alteration was evident at every site visited. San Mateo Creek had very good physical habitat, with a mean physical habitat score of 19.6. Bell Canyon Creek also had very good physical habitat, receiving a score greater than 15 for every component of physical habitat. However, six sites in the San Juan HU

38


received scores below 10, indicating that degraded physical habitat was widespread. More heavily degraded sites were concentrated in the northern and coastal portions of the HU. For example, Laguna Canyon Creek, Morro Canyon Creek, and Oso Creek all had mean physical habitat scores below 7. In contrast, sites at the interior or southern portions were less degraded. (Table 16; Figure 13). Table 16. Score and mean for each component of physical habitat. Component range: 0 (heavily impacted habitat) to 20 (unimpacted habitat). A. SWAMP sites. B. Non-SWAMP sites. A. SWAMP sites Phab 1 Phab 2 Phab 3 Phab 4 Phab 5 Phab 6 Phab 7 Phab 8 Phab 9 Phab 10

Epifaunal Velocity- Sediment Channel Channel Riffle Bank Vegetation Riparian MeanSitecode Date cover Embeddedness depth regime deposition flow alteration frequency stability protection zone score901SJALC6 3/29/2002 8 8 10 7 13 13 13 10.3901SJATC2 4/10/2003 15 17 14 18 15 14 18 7 9.5 8.5 13.6901SJATC5 3/29/2002 13 8 9 4 1 10 13 8.3901SJBEL2 2/1/2002 17 16 15 18 16 20 19 19 20 19 17.9901SJENG2 10/11/2002 9 4 11 13 12 3 16 3 4 2 7.7901SJLAG2 3/29/2002 5 5 8 5 5.8901SJMCC2 3/29/2002 8 3 3 3 16 3 3 16 6.9901SJOSO3 10/11/2002 3 0 6 6 17 0 3 19 9 0 6.3901SJSJC5 10/4/2002 13 3 3 16 5 19 3 17 19 19 11.7901SJSJC9 3/29/2002 10 15 8 10 5 12 0 0 7.5901SJSMT2 10/4/2002 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 19.6

13.7 10.6 8.8 15.1 12.8 14.6 14.3 14.2 13.9 13.3 12.9Mean of all sites Table 16, continued. Mean scores and standard deviations for each component of physical habitat. B. Non-SWAMP sites Phab 1 Phab 2 Phab 3 Phab 4 Phab 5 Phab 6 Phab 7 Phab 8 Phab 9 Phab 10

Epifaunal Velocity- Sediment Channel Channel Riffle Bank Vegetation Ripariancover Embeddedness depth regime deposition flow alteration frequency stability protection zone Mean

Site n Years Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Score1 8 2002-2006 13.5 1.6 13.4 3.6 15.8 2 14.3 3.6 16.5 2.7 5.4 2.3 12.9 2.2 16.1 2 10.3 1.7 5.8 2.3 12.42 8 2002-2006 12.8 1.9 13.4 2.3 11.3 2.3 11.8 3.2 15.9 2.5 10 0.8 11.9 2.4 14.5 1.4 12.1 2.2 12 1.9 12.64 6 2003-2006 18.7 1.2 18.8 1 17 3.5 18.8 1 14.2 6 18.3 2.3 19.3 0.5 17.5 0.8 12.7 3.3 18.2 3.5 17.46 7 2003-2006 13.6 1.9 12.7 2.3 13.1 2.8 12.4 3.3 13.3 3.8 16.3 2.1 12 3.8 13.7 2.9 16.3 2.4 15.4 1.9 13.911 3 2002-2006 13.3 3.1 15 3 10.3 1.5 13 3.5 12.3 5.5 18.3 1.2 13.3 4.2 15.3 1.2 10.3 3.8 16 3 13.712 8 2002-2006 12.1 2.4 13.4 3 13.8 4.6 13.4 3.7 17.3 1.3 11.6 3.5 6.9 1.4 11.9 3.2 15.6 2.4 15.8 2.8 13.213 5 2003-2005 11 3 8.4 5.9 8.4 2.7 8 2.3 7.4 2.2 19.6 0.5 9.8 4.7 15 3 19.4 0.9 19.4 0.9 12.614 7 2002-2006 11.4 1.8 11.6 2.8 12.4 1.5 9.9 2.9 12.3 2.3 6.6 0.8 14.3 2.6 16.3 1.4 4.3 1.4 4.4 1.6 10.315 8 2002-2006 15.8 2.7 15.9 2.6 13.4 1.9 15.9 1.8 13.4 3.5 9.8 2.6 13.6 3.1 9.8 4.3 10 3.9 3.8 1.5 12.117 2 2002-2006 2 0 3 2.8 6.5 2.1 4 0 11 1.4 1 0 6.5 2.1 20 0 1 1.4 1 1.4 5.618 6 2003-2006 18.3 0.5 18.3 1 13.7 4.7 19 0 14.5 6.2 18.5 1.2 15.7 6.4 17.7 0.8 15.7 3.7 19 0 1719 8 2002-2006 17 1.8 15.9 2.1 13.4 2.6 17.6 1.4 13.6 4.1 19.3 1.8 14.6 3.3 17.4 1.2 15.4 1.8 19.1 1.2 16.320 8 2002-2006 12.3 4.3 12.4 4.2 14.8 1.3 14.4 2.6 14.1 4.4 8 3 11 1.8 7.1 3.2 11.6 2.3 5 1.1 11.121 8 2002-2006 9.1 3.6 7.6 6.6 11.4 2.8 11.1 5.5 13.4 3.1 9.5 1.9 5.9 1.6 17.1 2.1 10 2.8 8.9 2.1 10.422 7 2002-2005 12.3 2.5 13.3 1.3 12.6 2.6 11.4 4.5 13.3 3.2 7.1 1.9 13 1 11.3 5.1 8 2 5.3 1 10.825 8 2002-2006 15.1 1.1 13.8 2.8 14.6 1.5 16.4 1.1 14.9 3 14.5 4 13.3 1.8 14.4 2.6 14.8 2.4 10.4 2.4 14.226 8 2002-2006 11.5 4 11.8 2.6 10.4 2.5 10 2.6 13.9 2 3.5 1.8 15 3.2 19.8 0.7 2.8 2.1 1.8 0.5 10

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Figure 13. Assessment of physical habitat at SWAMP sites. White circles indicate sites with a mean physical habitat scores between 15 and 20. Pink circles indicate mean scores between 10 and 15. Red circles indicate mean scores between 0 and 10.

Embeddedness and poor velocity-depth regimes appeared to be the most widespread impacts to physical habitat. For example, although embeddedness was minimal at four of the sites (i.e., physical habitat component score was greater than 15), the remaining sites were strongly impacted (i.e. score was less than 10). Every component of physical habitat showed signs of severe degradation (i.e., score was 5 or less) at multiple sites in the watershed.

Results from monitoring by Orange County NPDES were similar, in that

mean physical habitat scores were high (i.e., > 15) at reference sites (sites 4, 18, 19), and lowest (i.e., <10) at northern and coastal portions of the watershed (e.g., site 17, in Prima Deshecha). Although sites were monitored over several years (often 5), values changed little, and standard deviations were typically under 4.

5. DISCUSSION This analysis of the San Juan HU suggests that the northern and coastal

portions of the watershed are in poor ecological health, but the condition of streams in the southern and interior portions are moderate to good. However, every site sampled under SWAMP in the San Juan HU showed evidence of

40


impact from multiple indicators (Table 17; Figure 14). These impacts ranged from very sight (e.g., the Upper Arroyo Trabuco Creek reference site) to severe (e.g., English Creek).

Table 17. Summary of the ecological health for five SWAMP sites in San Juan HU. Aquatic life (AL). Human health (HH). Toxicity frequency is frequency of toxicity for three chronic toxicity endpoints: C. dubia (fecundity), H. azteca (growth), and S. capricornutum (total cell count). Biology frequency is the frequency of IBIs below 40. n.t. = Indicator not tested.

Water chemistry

Tissue

Toxicity

Biology Physical habitat

Site # constituents

(AL) # constituents

(HH) # constituents

(OEHHA) Frequency Frequency Mean score901SJALC6 8 4 0 0.30 0.92* 10.3 901SJATC2 4 1 n.t. 0.20 1.00* 13.6 901SJATC5 4 3 n.t. 0.36 n.t. 8.3 901SJBEL2 3 0 n.t. 0.00 n.t. 17.9 901SJENG2 8 10 n.t. 0.27 1.00* 7.7 901SJLAG2 4 4 n.t. 0.33 1.00* 5.8 901SJMCC2 8 1 n.t. 0.40 n.t. 6.9 901SJOSO3 8 8 n.t. 0.50 n.t. 6.3 901SJSJC5 1 0 n.t. 0.00 n.t. 11.7 901SJSJC9 8 4 n.t. 0.42 n.t. 7.5 901SJSMT2 1 1 n.t. 0.25 0.00* 19.6

* = Estimated from data collected at nearby (within 500 meters) non-SWAMP sites.

The Laguna Creek hydrologic subarea, in the northern portion of the hydrologic unit, contained several sites in poor ecological health, including the reference site at Morro Canyon Creek. Water chemistry at this site exceeded aquatic life thresholds for numerous constituents. Furthermore, toxicity to S. capricornutum was observed at every sampling date at this site. In addition, physical habitat received a very low score at this site (6.9). The data collected by SWAMP do not support the designation of Morro Canyon Creek as a reference site.

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Figure 14. Summary of the ecological health of SWAMP sites in the San Juan HU, as determined by water chemistry, toxicity, and bioassessment indicators. Each pie slice corresponds to a specific indicator, as described in the inset, with darker colors corresponding to more degraded conditions (unmeasured indicators are shown in cross-hatched gray). The top-left slice corresponds to the number of water chemistry constituents exceeding aquatic life thresholds. The bottom slice corresponds to the frequency of toxicity among three endpoints: C. dubia (fecundity), H. azteca (growth), and S. capricornutum (total cell count). The top-right slice corresponds to the IBI of bioassessment samples.

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Other sites in the Laguna Creek hydrologic subarea were also in poor ecological health. Laguna Canyon Creek, Aliso Creek, and English Creek all had many (i.e., 8) water chemistry constituents in exceedance of aquatic life thresholds. Furthermore, English Creek also exceeded a high number of human health thresholds (8 and 10, respectively). These results were consistent with the inclusion of these streams on the 303(d) list of impaired water bodies; for example, known stressors like phosphorus, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and dieldrin exceeded thresholds at these sites. Toxicity was also evident throughout this region. Samples from all sites were toxic to S. capricornutum, and all but Morro Canyon Creek were toxic to H. azteca as well. Toxicity to C. dubia was observed at two sites in the Laguna Creek hydrologic subarea (i.e., English Creek and Laguna Canyon Creek), but at only one other site in the San Juan HU. These results are consistent with the listing of toxicity as a stressor at Aliso, English, and Laguna Canyon Creeks on the 303(d) list. All bioassessment samples collected within this area were in poor or very poor condition, and physical habitat ranged from moderately (i.e., Aliso Creek) to severely degraded (all other sites). Fish tissues collected from Aliso Creek did not show evidence of impact, although few constituents were measured, only one of which (i.e., Selenium) had an applicable threshold to detect impact. Water chemistry monitoring by NPDES permittees found additional water chemistry constituents, such as Cadmium, that exceed aquatic life thresholds in the watershed.

The Mission Viejo hydrologic area (i.e., San Juan Creek watershed)

included many sites representing a wide range of ecological health. Oso Creek, a tributary to the San Juan Creek, was in very poor condition, comparable to many sites in the Laguna Creek hydrologic subarea. Eight water chemistry constituents exceeded both aquatic life and human health thresholds, and toxicity to all indicator species was observed on at least one sampling date. Physical habitat was also degraded at Oso Creek. Conditions were marginally less impacted at the downstream San Juan Creek site, which also had a high number (8) of aquatic life threshold exceedances. p,p’-DDE exceeded thresholds in half the samples at the downstream site, supporting the listing of DDE as a known stressor at San Juan Creek on the 303(d) list. Water and sediment samples from this site were toxic to both S. capricornutum and H. azteca, but not C. dubia. Physical habitat at the downstream San Juan Creek site, like Oso Creek, received one of the lowest scores in the HU. Ecological health was better at sites further inland. For example, the Upper San Juan Creek site had water chemistry comparable to reference sites, with only one constituent exceeding aquatic life thresholds. In addition, toxicity was never observed at this site. However, physical habitat was moderately degraded at this site, as embeddedness, velocity-depth regime, and channel flow all received physical habitat scores of 5 or lower. The health of other sites in the San Juan watershed was intermediate between the upper San Juan Creek site and Oso Creek. For example, toxicity was not observed at Bell Canyon Creek, but a moderate number (3) of water chemistry constituents exceeded aquatic life thresholds. This site also had very good physical habitat, with a mean score of 17.9. Bioassessment samples

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collected elsewhere from Bell Canyon Creek ranged from good (site 18) to very poor (site 5). Toxicity was moderately higher at other sites, such as those on Arroyo Trabuco Creek, and water chemistry slightly more impacted. Bioassessment samples collected nearby designated reference site on Arroyo Trabuco Creek (site 4) were in very good condition, although low IBI scores were sometimes observed, perhaps due to natural variability.

The reference site in the San Mateo watershed was in good ecological

health. Only one water chemistry constituent exceeded aquatic life thresholds, and toxicity was not frequently observed. Physical habitat was extremely good at the San Mateo Creek site, with nearly all components of physical habitat receiving perfect scores (i.e. 20). However, the bioassessment sample collected near this site was in fair condition (IBI 41.4). This low IBI score may be caused by natural variability, and additional sampling may yield higher IBI scores, or it may indicate low-level impacts which have not yet caused major degradation of the site. All bioassessments in the lower part of the watershed were in poor or very poor ecological condition.

Bioassessment monitoring in other hydrologic areas of the San Juan HU

(e.g., San Onofre hydrologic area) found poor ecological health at most sites. Apart from one site in San Onofre Creek (site 23), all bioassessment samples were in poor or very poor ecological condition, and had IBI scores below 40.

This study’s assessment of the San Juan HU suggests that the northern

and coastal portions of the watershed are in poor ecological health, but the inland and southern portions (particularly San Juan and San Mateo Creeks, and to a lesser extent San Onofre Creek) are in moderate to good health. Multiple lines of evidence support this conclusion. For example, several water chemistry constituents exceeded aquatic life and human health thresholds, in the northern and coastal portions. Toxicity was observed at every site in this area, but not at some sites in the interior of the San Juan Creek watershed. Bioassessment samples were in very poor ecological health along the northern and coastal regions, but fair or good at the interior. Physical habitat was degraded at coastal and northern sites but less so in the interior.

Despite the strength of the evidence, limitations of this study affect the

assessment. These limitations include difficulties integrating data from SWAMP and non-SWAMP sources, the non-randomization of sample sites, small sample size, and the lack of applicable thresholds for several indicators. Although these limitations require that results be interpreted with caution, it is unlikely that they would alter the conclusion that portions of the San Juan HU are in poor ecological health.

The geographical approach to integrating SWAMP and non-SWAMP data

relies on assumptions about the spatial and temporal variability of the variables measured by these programs. For example, bioassessment data may have been

44


collected up to 500 meters away and up to 4 years before or 3 years after water chemistry, toxicity, and tissue data were collected. This study assumes that anthropogenic impacts do not change across these distances or over these spans of time. There is little published research on either of these assumptions, although there may be greater support for the assumptions about spatial variability (e.g., Gebler 2004) than for temporal variability (e.g., Sandin and Johnson 2000, Bêche et al. 2006).In this study, bioassessment data were observed to be highly variable, and the use of data collected many years before water chemistry data is questionable.

The targeted selection of sites monitored under the SWAMP program

facilitated integration of pre-existing data from non-SWAMP sources, but this non-probabilistic approach severely limits the extrapolation of data from these sites to the rest of the watershed. Non-random sampling violates assumptions underlying most statistical analyses, and the sites selected in this study cannot be assumed to represent the entire watershed (Olsen et al. 1999, Stevens Jr. and Olsen 2004). Although three reference sites were designated for monitoring under SWAMP (and four for monitoring under NPDES permittees and Camp Pendleton), it is unclear if the proportion of reference sites sampled reflect the proportion of minimally degraded streams in the HU.

The small number of sites monitored under SWAMP also limits the

certainty of this study’s assessment. For example, tissue samples were collected at only one site, and only a small number of constituents were evaluated; therefore, tissue contamination may have gone undetected in unsampled regions of the watershed. Although SWAMP has produced a wealth of data about the San Juan watershed using limited resources, some indicators (especially those with high variability) may require more extensive sampling to produce more precise and accurate assessments.

Thresholds are an essential tool for assessing water quality and ecological

health. However, their use is limited to indicators that have been well studied, and they cannot provide a holistic view watershed health. This limitation is exacerbated by the fact that many constituents and indicators lack applicable thresholds. For example, of the 54 water chemistry constituents, 20 (37%) had no applicable water quality objectives that could be used as thresholds for water quality. No thresholds exist for physical habitat scores. Furthermore, thresholds applied to IBI scores and toxicity were based on statistical distributions and professional judgment (respectively), rather than on risks to ecological health. For example, the 80% threshold used to identify toxic samples is based on the assumption that this level is ecologically meaningful, although this assumption has not been verified in the field. The development of biocriteria to establish meaningful thresholds for bioassessment is subject of active interest in California (Bernstein and Schiff 2002).

45


Despite these limitations, the data gathered under SWAMP and other programs strongly support the conclusion that the northern and coastal portions San Juan HU are in poor ecological health, and that the southern and interior portions are in good ecological health. Some of these limitations (such as the lack of applicable thresholds and the small sample size) may in fact have caused this assessment to underestimate the severity of degradation in the watershed. All indicators showed signs of human impacts. Multiple stressors, including degraded water quality, sediment, and physical habitat are the likely cause of the impact. Future research (see final report on the SWAMP monitoring program for further study recommendations) is necessary to determine which stressors are responsible for the impacts seen in the watershed.

46


47

6. LITERATURE CITED

Bêche, L.A., E.P. McElravy and V.H. Resh. 2005. Long-term seasonal variation in the biological traits of benthic-macroinvertebrates in two Mediterranean climate streams in California, USA. Freshwater Biology 51:56-75. California Code of Regulations. 2007. Barclay’s Official California Code of Regulations. Title 22. Social Security Division 4. Environmental Health Chapter 15. Domestic Water Quality and Monitoring Regulations Article 16. Secondary Drinking Water Standards. §64449. California Department of Fish and Game. 2003. California Stream Bioassessment Procedure: Protocol for Biological and Physical/Habitat Assessment in Wadeable Streams. Available from www.dfg.ca.gov/cabw/cabwhome.html. California Department of Water Resources. 2007. http://www.water.ca.gov/. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1993. Methods for measuring acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, Fourth Edition. EPA 600/4-90/027. US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. Duluth, MN. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997. Water quality standards: Establishment of numeric criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the state of California: Proposed Rule. Federal Register 62:42159-42208. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2002. National recommended water quality criteria. EPA-822-R-02-047. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. Washington, DC. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2007. Integrated Risk Information System. http://www.epa.gov/iris/index.html. Office of Research and Development. Washington, DC. Gebler, J.B. 2004. Mesoscale spatial variability of selected aquatic invertebrate community metrics from a minimally impaired stream segment. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 23:616-633. National Academy of Sciences. 1977. Drinking Water and Health. Volume 1. Washington, DC. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Weather Service data. Available from http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/obs/rtp/rtpmap.php?wfo=sgx

http://www.water.ca.gov/

http://www.epa.gov/iris/index.html

http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/obs/rtp/rtpmap.php?wfo=sgx


Ode, P.R., A.C. Rehn and J.T. May. 2005. A quantitative tool for assessing the integrity of southern California coastal streams. Environmental Management 35:493-504. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). 2006. Draft development of guidance tissue levels and screening values for common contaminants in California Sports Fish: Chlordane, DDTs, Dieldrin, Methylmercury, PCBs, Selenium, and Toxaphene. OEHHA. Sacramento, CA. Olsen, A.R., J. Sedransk, D. Edwards, C.A. Gotway, W. Liggett, S. Rathburn, K.H. Reckhow and L.J. Young. 1999. Statistical issues for monitoring ecological and natural resources in the United States. Environmental Management and Assessment 54:1-45. Puckett, M. 2002. Quality Assurance Management Plan for the State of California's Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program: Version 2. California Department of Fish and Game, Monterey, CA. Prepared for the State Water Resources Control Board. Sacramento, CA. California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region. 1994. Water quality control plan for the San Diego Region. San Diego, CA. http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/programs/basinplan.html SANDAG. 1998. Watersheds of the San Diego Region. SANDAG INFO. Sandin, L. and R.K. Johnson. 2000. The statistical power of selected indicator metrics using macroinvertebrates for assessing acidification and eutrophication of running waters. Hydrobiologia 422/423:233-243. Stevans, Jr., D.L. and A.R. Olsen. 2004. Spatially balanced sampling of natural resources. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Theory and Methods 99:262-278. Weston Solutions Inc. 2006. Stream bioassessment December 2005 survey data summary report. County of Orange. Santa Ana, CA. Weston Solutions Inc. 2007. Stream bioassessment of the Camp Pendleton Watersheds. 2005/2006 monitoring surveys. Final Report. US Navy—Naval Facilities Engineering Services Center. Camp Pendleton, CA.

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7. APPENDICES

49


I - 1

APPENDIX I A. Beneficial uses of streams in the San Juan HU (California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region 1994). B. Streams on the 303(d) list of impaired water bodies in the San Juan HU. HUC = Hydrologic Unit Code. MUN = Municipal and domestic supply. AGR = Agricultural supply. IND = Industrial service supply. REC1 = Contact recreation. REC2 = Non-contact recreation. WARM = Warm freshwater habitat. COLD = Cold freshwater habitat. WILD = Wildlife habitat. RARE = Rare, threatened, or endangered species. SPWN = Spawning, reproduction, and/or early development. X = Exempted from municipal supply. E = Existing beneficial use. P = Potential beneficial use. A. Beneficial uses of streams in the San Juan HU.

HUC MUN AGR IND REC1 REC2 WARM COLD WILD RARE SPWN

901.11 X E P E E E901.11 X E P E E E901.11 X E P E E E901.12 X E P E E E901.12 X E P E E E

901.12 X E P E E E901.13 X E P E E E901.13 X E P E E E

901.13 X E P E E901.13 X E P E E901.13 X E P E E

901.14 X E P E E E901.14 X E P E E E901.14 X E P E E E901.14 X E P E E E

901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E

901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.24 X E E E E E E E901.25 X E E E E E E E901.26 X E E E E E E E901.26 X E E E E E E E901.24 X E E E E E E E901.24 X E E E E E E E901.28 X E E E E E E E901.27 X E E E E E E E901.27 X E E E E E E E901.22 X E E E E E E E E901.22 X E E E E E E E E901.22 X E E E E E E E901.22 X E E E E E E E901.22 X E E E E E E E901.22 X E E E E E E E901.23 X E E E E E E E901.23 X E E E E E E E901.27 X E E E E E E E901.21 X E E E E E E E

La Paz Creek 901.21 X E E E E E E E

San Juan Watershed (901)Orange County coastal streams

Moro canyonUnnamed intermittent coastal streamsEmerald CanyonLaguna CanyonBlue Bird Canyon

Rim Rock CanyonUnnamed intermittent coastal streamsHobo Canyon

Aliso Creek WatershedAliso Creek

English Canyon CreekSulphur CreekWood Canyon

Dana Point WatershedUnnamed intermittent coastal streamsSalt Creek

San Juan CanyonArroyo Salada

San Juan Creek WatershedSan Juan Creek

Morrel CanyonDecker CanyonLong Canyon

Lion CanyonHot Spring CanyonCold Spring CanyonLucas Canyon

Aliso CanyonVerdugo CanyonBell Canyon

Fox CanyonDove CanyonCrow Canyon

San Juan CreekTrampas CanyonCanada GobernadoraCanada Chiquita

San Juan CreekSan Juan Creek

Horno CreekArroyo Trabuco Creek

Holy Jim CanyonFalls CanyonRose CanyonHickey CanyonLive Oak Canyon

Arroyo Trabuco CreekTijeras Canyon

Arroyo Trabuco CreekOso Creek


Appendix Ia, continued. HUC MUN AGR IND REC1 REC2 WARM COLD WILD RARE SPWN

901.31 X E P E E E901.3 X E P E E E

901.32 X E P E E E

901.4 X P E E E E E E901.4 X P E E E E E901.4 X P E E E E901.4 X P E E E E E E901.4 X P E E E E E901.4 X P E E E E901.4 X P E E E E E901.4 X P E E E E901.4 X P E E E E901.4 X P E E E E901.4 X P E E E E

La Paz Canyon 901.4 X P E E E E901.4 X P E E E E901.4 X P E E E E

901.51 X E E E E E E E901.51 X E E E E E E E901.51 X E E E E E E901.51 X E E E E E E E901.51 X E E E E E E E901.51 X E E E E E901.51 X E E E E E901.51 X E E E E E901.52 X E E E E E E E901.52 X E E E E E E E901.52 X E E E E E901.53 X E E E E E E E901.53 X E E E E E E901.53 X E E E E E

San Juan Watershed (901)Orange County Coastal Streams

Prima Deshecha CanadaUnnamed intermittent coastal streamsSegunda Deshecha Canada

San Mateo Creek WatershedSan Mateo Creek

Devil CanyonCold Spring CanyonSan Mateo Canyon

Los Alamos Canyon Wildhorse CanyonTenaja CanyonBluewater CanyonNickel Canyon

Christanitos CreekGabino Canyon

Blind CanyonTalega Canyon

San Onofre Creek WatershedSan Onofre Creek

Las Flores Creek

San Onofre Canyon North ForkJardine CanyonSan Onofre Canyon

San Onofre Canyon South Fork

Cocklebur Canyon

Piedra de Lumbre CanyonUnnamed intermittent coastal streamsAliso CanyonFrench Canyon

Unnamed intermittent coastal streamsFoley CanyonHorno Canyon

B. 303(d)-listed streams in the San Juan HU. Name HUC Stressor Potential source Affected lengthAliso Creek 901.13 Indicator bactera Urban runoff/storm sewers, unknown point

source, and nonpoint/point source19 miles

Phosphorus Urban runoff/storm sewers, unknown point source, and nonpoint/point source

19 miles

Toxicity Urban runoff/storm sewers, unknown point source, and nonpoint/point source

19 miles

English Canyon 901.13 Benzo(b)fluoranthene Sources unknown 3.6 milesDieldrin Sources unknown 3.6 milesSediment toxicity Sources unknown 3.6 miles

Laguna Canyon Channel 901.12 Sediment toxicity Sources unknown 1.6 milesOso Creek (at Mission Viejo Golf Course) 901.2 Chloride Sources unknown 1 miles

Sulfates Sources unknown 1 milesTotal dissolved solids Sources unknown 1 miles

Prima Deshecha Creek 901.3 Phosphorus Urban runoff/storm sewers, unknown point source, and nonpoint/point source

1.2 miles

Turbidity Urban runoff/storm sewers, unknown point source, and nonpoint/point source

1.2 miles

San Juan Creek 901.2 DDE Sources unknown 1 milesIndicator bactera Nonpoint/point source 1 miles

Segunda Deshecha Creek 901.3 Phosphorus Urban runoff/storm sewers, unknown point source, and nonpoint/point source

0.92 miles

Turbidity Construction/land development, urban runoff/storm sewers, channelization, flow regulation/modifications, unknown nonpoint source, unknown point source

0.92 miles

I - 2


II - 1

APPENDIX II Means, standard deviations (SD), and number of samples (n) of water chemistry constituents in (A) SWAMP sites and (B) Non-SWAMP (NPDES) sites. The watershed average was calculated as the mean of the site averages. Blank cells indicate that the constituent was not analyzed at that site. -- = Constituent not detected at that site. SWAMP sites were monitored in 2002 to 2003. Non-SWAMP sites were monitored in Spring and Fall between 2002 and 2006. A. SWAMP sites

Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nInorganics Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 180 71 4 112 80 2 186 45 4 162 22 2 179 98 4 309 119 4Inorganics Ammonia as N mg/l 0.09 0.11 4 0.1 0.14 2 0.02 0.03 4 0.03 0.04 2 0.48 0.72 4 0.03 0.03 4Inorganics Nitrate + Nitrite as N mg/l 0.52 0.35 4 0.54 0.35 2 0.1 0.1 4 0.1 0.03 2 0.4 0.24 4 0.16 0.13 4Inorganics Nitrate as N mg/l 0.51 0.34 4 0.53 0.34 2 0.1 0.1 4 0.1 0.03 2 0.37 0.22 4 0.16 0.12 4Inorganics Nitrite as N mg/l 0.02 0.02 4 0.01 0.02 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.03 0.03 4 0.01 0.01 4Inorganics Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/l 0.69 0.38 4 1.84 2.27 2 0.29 0.27 4 0.23 0.15 2 1.16 1.13 4 1.03 0.94 4Inorganics OrthoPhosphate as P mg/l 0.17 0.07 4 0.1 0.11 2 0.04 0.02 4 0.03 0.01 2 0.17 0.08 4 0.19 0.05 4Inorganics Phosphorus as P,Total mg/l 0.24 0.16 4 0.71 1 2 0.1 0.11 4 0.08 0.11 2 0.28 0.25 4 0.21 0.05 4Inorganics Selenium,Dissolved µg/l 22 22.1 4 2.8 0.4 2 1.5 0.8 4 3.1 0.1 2 5.5 3.8 4 2 1.1 4Inorganics Sulfate mg/l 943 513 4 105 59 3 183 47 4 151 16 2 298 191 4 212 90 4Metals Aluminum,Dissolved µg/l 1.6 0.7 4 0.5 0.8 2 0.8 1.3 4 0.4 0.6 2 1.6 1.6 4 1.5 2.4 4Metals Arsenic,Dissolved µg/l 7.7 5.3 4 1.4 0.4 2 2.9 0.8 4 0.9 0.2 2 3.1 1.2 4 3.2 0.3 4Metals Cadmium,Dissolved µg/l 0.62 0.25 4 0.05 0.01 2 0.04 0.01 4 0.02 0.01 2 0.23 0.13 4 0.05 0.01 4Metals Chromium,Dissolved µg/l 0.63 0.3 4 0.1 0.14 2 0.15 0.1 4 -- -- 2 0.24 0.06 4 0.23 0.11 4Metals Copper,Dissolved µg/l 6.94 2.21 4 1.83 0.12 2 2.1 0.52 4 1.51 0.24 2 4.27 0.81 4 2.55 0.73 4Metals Lead,Dissolved µg/l 0.02 0.01 4 0.01 0.01 2 0.02 0.02 4 -- -- 2 0.05 0.03 4 0.03 0.02 4Metals Manganese,Dissolved µg/l 125 65 4 16 7 2 6 6 4 3 3 2 9 7 4 188 210 4Metals Nickel,Dissolved µg/l 14.3 2.7 4 -- -- 2 0.9 0.5 4 -- -- 2 2.5 1.4 4 1.9 1.3 4Metals Silver,Dissolved µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0 0.01 4Metals Zinc,Dissolved µg/l 6.5 1.5 4 1.2 0.2 2 1.6 0.4 4 0.8 0 2 5.6 1.9 4 2.6 0.5 4PAHs Acenaphthene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Acenaphthylene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Anthracene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Benz(a)anthracene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.017 0.034 4 -- -- 4PAHs Benzo(b)fluoranthene µg/l 0.003 0.006 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.007 4 -- -- 2 0.018 0.024 4 0.003 0.005 4PAHs Benzo(e)pyrene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.009 0.018 4 -- -- 4PAHs Benzo(g,h,i)perylene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.024 0.035 4 0.012 0.023 4PAHs Benzo(k)fluoranthene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.014 0.028 4 -- -- 4PAHs Biphenyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Chrysene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.007 4 -- -- 4PAHs Chrysenes, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.008 4 -- -- 4PAHs Chrysenes, C2 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.005 4 -- -- 2 0.006 0.012 4 -- -- 4PAHs Chrysenes, C3 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.178 0.339 4 -- -- 4PAHs Dibenz(a,h)anthracene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.024 0.047 4 -- -- 4PAHs Dibenzothiophene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.007 4 -- -- 2 0.008 0.016 4 -- -- 4PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C1 - µg/l 0.007 0.014 4 0.009 0.012 2 0.014 0.021 4 0.006 0.008 2 0.028 0.055 4 0.005 0.01 4PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C2 - µg/l 0.013 0.025 4 0.02 0.005 2 0.024 0.035 4 0.017 0.004 2 0.052 0.103 4 0.009 0.018 4PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C3 - µg/l 0.008 0.016 4 0.008 0.011 2 0.012 0.024 4 -- -- 2 0.03 0.061 4 0.006 0.012 4PAHs Dimethylnaphthalene, 2,6- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Fluoranthene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.005 4 -- -- 4PAHs Fluoranthene/Pyrenes, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Fluorene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Fluorenes, C1 - µg/l 0.003 0.007 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.006 4 -- -- 2 0.008 0.015 4 0.003 0.006 4PAHs Fluorenes, C2 - µg/l 0.003 0.005 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.007 4 0.003 0.005 4PAHs Fluorenes, C3 - µg/l 0.018 0.023 4 0.006 0.009 2 0.006 0.012 4 -- -- 2 0.011 0.023 4 0.004 0.008 4PAHs Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.032 0.053 4 -- -- 4PAHs Methylnaphthalene, 1- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Methylnaphthalene, 2- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Methylphenanthrene, 1- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4

901SJBEL2 901SJENG2 901SJLAG2901SJALC6 901SJATC2 901SJATC5


Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents.

Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nPAHs Naphthalene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.007 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Naphthalenes, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.005 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Naphthalenes, C2 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.007 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.008 4 -- -- 4PAHs Naphthalenes, C3 - µg/l 0.005 0.011 4 0.006 0.008 2 0.008 0.016 4 -- -- 2 0.008 0.016 4 0.003 0.007 4PAHs Naphthalenes, C4 - µg/l 0.003 0.006 4 0.022 0.031 2 0.013 0.025 4 -- -- 2 0.026 0.052 4 0.003 0.007 4PAHs Perylene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.007 0.014 4 -- -- 2 0.01 0.021 4 -- -- 4PAHs Phenanthrene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C1 - µg/l 0.004 0.008 4 -- -- 2 0.011 0.016 4 0.007 0.009 2 0.012 0.017 4 0.004 0.008 4PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C2 - µg/l 0.004 0.008 4 0.006 0.008 2 0.004 0.009 4 -- -- 2 0.007 0.015 4 -- -- 4PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C3 - µg/l 0.003 0.007 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.007 4 -- -- 2 0.008 0.017 4 0.004 0.007 4PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C4 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0.004 0.008 4PAHs Pyrene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.009 4 -- -- 4PAHs Trimethylnaphthalene, 2,3,5- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 005 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 008 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 015 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 018 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 027 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 028 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 029 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 031 µg/l 0.001 0.002 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 033 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 044 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 049 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 052 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0.003 0.006 4PCBs PCB 056 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 060 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 066 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 070 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 074 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 087 µg/l 0.002 0.004 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 4 0.001 0.002 4PCBs PCB 095 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 097 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 099 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 101 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 105 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 110 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 114 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 118 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 128 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 137 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 138 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 141 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 149 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 151 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 153 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 156 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 157 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 158 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 170 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 174 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 177 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 180 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 183 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 187 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 189 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 194 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 195 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 200 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 201 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 203 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 206 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCB 209 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4PCBs PCBs µg/l 0.003 0.006 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 4 0.004 0.008 4

901SJLAG2901SJENG2901SJBEL2901SJALC6 901SJATC2 901SJATC5

II - 2


Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents. Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nPesticides Aldrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Ametryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Aspon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Atraton µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Atrazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Azinphos ethyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Azinphos methyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Bolstar µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Carbophenothion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Chlordane, cis- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.005 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Chlordane, trans- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Chlordene, alpha- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Chlordene, gamma- µg/l 0.001 0.003 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Chlorfenvinphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Chlorpyrifos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Chlorpyrifos methyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Ciodrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Coumaphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Dacthal µg/l 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0.001 0.002 4Pesticides DDD(o,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides DDD(p,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides DDE(o,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides DDE(p,p') µg/l 0.001 0.001 4 0.001 0.001 2 0.001 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4Pesticides DDMU(p,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides DDT(o,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides DDT(p,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 4 -- -- 4Pesticides DDTs µg/l 0.001 0.001 4 0.001 0.001 2 0.001 0.002 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.003 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides Demeton-s µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Diazinon µg/l 0.049 0.027 4 -- -- 2 0.044 0.058 4 -- -- 2 0.204 0.286 4 0.029 0.036 4Pesticides Dichlofenthion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Dichlorvos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Dicrotophos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Dieldrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.001 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides Dimethoate µg/l 0.01 0.02 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Dioxathion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Disulfoton µg/l 0.008 0.015 4 -- -- 2 0.008 0.015 4 -- -- 2 0.008 0.015 4 0.008 0.015 4Pesticides Endosulfan I µg/l 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.001 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides Endosulfan II µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Endosulfan sulfate µg/l 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Endrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides Endrin Aldehyde µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Endrin Ketone µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Ethion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Ethoprop µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Famphur µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Fenchlorphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Fenitrothion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Fensulfothion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Fenthion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Fonofos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides HCH, alpha µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides HCH, beta µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides HCH, delta µg/l 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides HCH, gamma µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Heptachlor µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Heptachlor epoxide µg/l 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 4 0 0.001 4Pesticides Hexachlorobenzene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Leptophos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Malathion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Merphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Methidathion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Methoxychlor µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Mevinphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4

901SJBEL2 901SJENG2 901SJLAG2901SJALC6 901SJATC2 901SJATC5

II - 3


Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents. Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nPesticides Mirex µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Molinate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Naled µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Nonachlor, cis- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Nonachlor, trans- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Oxadiazon µg/l 0.012 0.009 4 0.001 -- 2 0.046 0.061 4 -- -- 2 0.006 0.007 4 0.052 0.034 4Pesticides Oxychlordane µg/l 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Parathion, Ethyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Parathion, Methyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Phorate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Phosmet µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Phosphamidon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Prometon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Prometryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Propazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Secbumeton µg/l 0.017 0.034 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0.013 0.026 4Pesticides Simazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Simetryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Sulfotep µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Tedion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Terbufos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Terbuthylazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Terbutryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Tetrachlorvinphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Thiobencarb µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 0.038 0.075 4Pesticides Thionazin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Tokuthion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Trichlorfon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Pesticides Trichloronate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 4 -- -- 4Physical Fine-ASTM,Passing No. 200 Sieve % 7.2 9.3 3 22.9 -- 1 33.3 17.5 3 11.1 9.2 4 28.8 31.7 4Physical Oxygen, Saturation % 145 30 4 94 8 2 127 22 4 95 6 2 132 28 4 94 15 4Physical pH pH 8.1 0.6 4 7.8 0.4 2 8.2 0.5 3 8 0 2 8.7 1.5 4 7.5 0.6 4Physical Salinity ppt 3.8 4.1 4 0.2 0 2 0.4 0.3 4 0.2 0 2 0.6 0.5 3 0.6 0.4 3Physical SpecificConductivity mS/cm 6756 6892 4 420 103 2 844 501 4 426 18 2 1330 805 4 1299 638 4Physical Suspended Sediment Concentration % 3 -- 1 1 -- 1 4 -- 1 321.1 -- 1Physical Temperature ºC 16.7 3.1 4 18.1 6.8 2 16.4 2.4 4 15.8 2.9 2 19.7 4.4 4 14.6 2.2 4Physical Total Suspended Solids mg/l 46.4 76.1 3 139.2 190.7 2 420.2 724.7 3 112.5 159.1 2 121.3 199.9 3 10.9 4.7 3Physical Turbidity NTU 22.9 38.1 4 95.3 125.4 2 73.8 142.9 4 140.3 197.6 2 58 108.1 4 4.2 4 4Physical Velocity ft/s -- -- 4 1.3 0.7 2 0.6 0.6 4 1.8 1.4 2 0.6 0.6 4 0.2 0.3 4

901SJENG2 901SJLAG2901SJBEL2901SJALC6 901SJATC2 901SJATC5

Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents. Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nInorganics Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 427 19 4 166 96 4 123 26 4 193 55 4 128 27 2 197 92 11Inorganics Ammonia as N mg/l 0.32 0.24 4 0.81 1.41 4 -- -- 4 0.08 0.1 4 -- -- 2 0.18 0.26 11Inorganics Nitrate + Nitrite as N mg/l 0.45 0.13 4 0.92 0.7 4 0.05 0.01 4 0.57 0.68 4 0.09 0.08 2 0.36 0.28 11Inorganics Nitrate as N mg/l 0.42 0.12 4 0.87 0.66 4 0.05 0.01 4 0.55 0.66 4 0.09 0.07 2 0.34 0.26 11Inorganics Nitrite as N mg/l 0.03 0.02 4 0.05 0.04 4 -- -- 4 0.02 0.02 4 0 0 2 0.02 0.02 11Inorganics Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/l 0.98 0.46 4 1.57 1.5 4 0.03 0.06 4 0.6 0.55 4 0.41 0.23 2 0.8 0.57 11Inorganics OrthoPhosphate as P mg/l 0.13 0.01 4 0.22 0.18 4 0.01 0 4 0.1 0.13 4 0.04 0.03 2 0.11 0.07 11Inorganics Phosphorus as P,Total mg/l 0.31 0.12 4 0.37 0.32 4 0.01 0.02 4 0.17 0.23 4 0.04 0.05 2 0.23 0.2 11Inorganics Selenium,Dissolved µg/l 19.7 8 4 10.3 7.9 4 1.8 0.6 4 4.7 2 4 1.1 0 2 6.8 7.4 11Inorganics Sulfate mg/l 1415 152 4 761 506 4 109 21 4 549 292 4 46 20 2 434 438 11Metals Aluminum,Dissolved µg/l 1.4 1.1 4 8.3 6.1 4 1.5 2.1 4 1.1 0.9 4 1.3 0 2 1.8 2.2 11Metals Arsenic,Dissolved µg/l 3.5 0.9 4 4.8 1.9 4 1.4 0.2 4 3.2 0.2 4 1.5 0.2 2 3.1 1.9 11Metals Cadmium,Dissolved µg/l 0.29 0.05 4 0.73 0.7 4 0.03 0 4 0.26 0.15 4 0.03 0.01 2 0.21 0.25 11Metals Chromium,Dissolved µg/l 0.37 0.18 4 0.43 0.09 4 -- -- 4 0.26 0.06 4 0.05 0.07 2 0.22 0.2 11Metals Copper,Dissolved µg/l 7.69 2.47 4 7.25 3.53 4 1.02 0.18 4 4.51 1.08 4 2.06 1.93 2 3.79 2.49 11Metals Lead,Dissolved µg/l 0 0 4 0.06 0.02 4 0.01 0.01 4 0.02 0.01 4 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.02 11Metals Manganese,Dissolved µg/l 902 643 4 50 44 4 2 1 4 87 82 4 22 23 2 128 264 11Metals Nickel,Dissolved µg/l 15.6 1.5 4 8.7 4.8 4 0.1 0.1 4 3.7 1.4 4 0.2 0.2 2 4.4 5.8 11Metals Silver,Dissolved µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Metals Zinc,Dissolved µg/l 8.1 1.4 4 7.9 3.4 4 0.9 0.5 4 4.1 1.6 4 1.1 1.4 2 3.7 2.9 11

901SJSJC9 901SJSMT2 Watershed mean901SJMCC2 901SJOSO3 901SJSJC5

II - 4


Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents. Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nPAHs Acenaphthene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Acenaphthylene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Anthracene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Benz(a)anthracene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.005 11PAHs Benzo(b)fluoranthene µg/l 0.003 0.005 4 0.005 0.01 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.005 11PAHs Benzo(e)pyrene µg/l -- -- 4 0.004 0.007 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.003 11PAHs Benzo(g,h,i)perylene µg/l -- -- 4 0.006 0.012 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.004 0.008 11PAHs Benzo(k)fluoranthene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.004 11PAHs Biphenyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Chrysene µg/l -- -- 4 0.004 0.009 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 11PAHs Chrysenes, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.004 0.009 4 0.01 0.02 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.003 11PAHs Chrysenes, C2 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.005 0.01 4 0.012 0.024 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.004 11PAHs Chrysenes, C3 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.008 0.015 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.017 0.054 11PAHs Dibenz(a,h)anthracene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.007 11PAHs Dibenzothiophene µg/l -- -- 4 0.005 0.011 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.003 11PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C1 - µg/l 0.006 0.006 4 0.017 0.025 4 -- -- 4 0.005 0.01 4 0.02 0.011 2 0.011 0.008 11PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C2 - µg/l 0.007 0.008 4 0.033 0.052 4 -- -- 4 0.008 0.017 4 0.015 0.008 2 0.018 0.014 11PAHs Dibenzothiophenes, C3 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.024 0.041 4 -- -- 4 0.005 0.01 4 -- -- 2 0.008 0.01 11PAHs Dimethylnaphthalene, 2,6- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Fluoranthene µg/l -- -- 4 0.005 0.011 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 11PAHs Fluoranthene/Pyrenes, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.004 0.008 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11PAHs Fluorene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Fluorenes, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.003 0.005 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.002 11PAHs Fluorenes, C2 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.001 11PAHs Fluorenes, C3 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.011 0.021 4 -- -- 4 0.003 0.006 4 -- -- 2 0.005 0.006 11PAHs Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene µg/l -- -- 4 0.005 0.01 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.01 11PAHs Methylnaphthalene, 1- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Methylnaphthalene, 2- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Methylphenanthrene, 1- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Naphthalene µg/l -- -- 4 0.009 0.019 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.003 11PAHs Naphthalenes, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.01 0.02 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.003 11PAHs Naphthalenes, C2 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.003 0.007 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.002 11PAHs Naphthalenes, C3 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.004 0.007 4 -- -- 4 0.003 0.007 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.003 11PAHs Naphthalenes, C4 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.015 0.03 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.007 0.01 11PAHs Perylene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.004 11PAHs Phenanthrene µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C1 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.009 0.012 4 -- -- 4 0.005 0.01 4 -- -- 2 0.005 0.004 11PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C2 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.006 0.012 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.003 11PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C3 - µg/l -- -- 4 0.008 0.015 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.003 11PAHs Phenanthrene/Anthracene, C4 - µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11PAHs Pyrene µg/l 0.008 0.015 4 0.014 0.016 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.005 11PAHs Trimethylnaphthalene, 2,3,5- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 005 µg/l 0.001 0.002 4 0.003 0.005 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11PCBs PCB 008 µg/l -- -- 4 0.004 0.008 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11PCBs PCB 015 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 018 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 027 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 028 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 029 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 031 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11PCBs PCB 033 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 044 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 049 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 052 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11PCBs PCB 056 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 060 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 066 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 070 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 074 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 087 µg/l -- -- 4 0.002 0.003 4 -- -- 4 0.002 0.004 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.001 11PCBs PCB 095 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 097 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11

901SJMCC2 901SJOSO3 901SJSJC5 901SJSJC9 901SJSMT2 Watershed mean

II - 5


Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents.

Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nPCBs PCB 099 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 101 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 105 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 110 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 114 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 118 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 128 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 137 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 138 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 141 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 149 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 151 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 153 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 156 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 157 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 158 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 170 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 174 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 177 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 180 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 183 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 187 µg/l -- -- 4 0.001 0.002 4 -- -- 4 0.001 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11PCBs PCB 189 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 194 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 0.002 0.004 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11PCBs PCB 195 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 0.002 0.004 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11PCBs PCB 200 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 201 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 203 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 206 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCB 209 µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11PCBs PCBs µg/l 0.001 0.002 4 0.009 0.018 4 0.004 0.007 4 0.002 0.005 4 -- -- 2 0.002 0.003 11Pesticides Aldrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Ametryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Aspon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Atraton µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Atrazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Azinphos ethyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Azinphos methyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Bolstar µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Carbophenothion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Chlordane, cis- µg/l -- -- 4 0.001 0.001 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0.001 11Pesticides Chlordane, trans- µg/l -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Chlordene, alpha- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Chlordene, gamma- µg/l -- -- 4 0.001 0.003 4 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Chlorfenvinphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Chlorpyrifos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Chlorpyrifos methyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Ciodrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Coumaphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Dacthal µg/l -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides DDD(o,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides DDD(p,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides DDE(o,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides DDE(p,p') µg/l -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4 0.001 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides DDMU(p,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides DDT(o,p') µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides DDT(p,p') µg/l -- -- 4 0.001 0.002 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 0.001 0.001 2 0 0 11Pesticides DDTs µg/l -- -- 4 0.001 0.003 4 -- -- 4 0.001 0.001 4 0.001 0.001 2 0.001 0 11Pesticides Demeton-s µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Diazinon µg/l -- -- 4 0.056 0.029 4 -- -- 4 0.036 0.032 4 -- -- 2 0.038 0.059 11Pesticides Dichlofenthion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Dichlorvos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Dicrotophos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11


II - 6


Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents. Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nPesticides Dieldrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Dimethoate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.001 0.003 11Pesticides Dioxathion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Disulfoton µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 0.008 0.015 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.004 11Pesticides Endosulfan I µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Endosulfan II µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Endosulfan sulfate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Endrin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Endrin Aldehyde µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Endrin Ketone µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Ethion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Ethoprop µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Famphur µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Fenchlorphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Fenitrothion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Fensulfothion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Fenthion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Fonofos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides HCH, alpha µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides HCH, beta µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides HCH, delta µg/l -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides HCH, gamma µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Heptachlor µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Heptachlor epoxide µg/l -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Hexachlorobenzene µg/l 0 0 4 0.001 0.002 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Leptophos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Malathion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Merphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Methidathion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Methoxychlor µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Mevinphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Mirex µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Molinate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Naled µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Nonachlor, cis- µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Nonachlor, trans- µg/l -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Oxadiazon µg/l -- -- 4 0.024 0.025 4 -- -- 4 0.299 0.48 4 0.001 0.001 2 0.04 0.088 11Pesticides Oxychlordane µg/l -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 4 0 0.001 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Parathion, Ethyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Parathion, Methyl µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Phorate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Phosmet µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Phosphamidon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Prometon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Prometryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Propazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Secbumeton µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.006 11Pesticides Simazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 0.017 0.024 2 0.002 0.005 11Pesticides Simetryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Sulfotep µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Tedion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0 0 11Pesticides Terbufos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Terbuthylazine µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Terbutryn µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Tetrachlorvinphos µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Thiobencarb µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 0.003 0.011 11Pesticides Thionazin µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Tokuthion µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Trichlorfon µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11Pesticides Trichloronate µg/l -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 4 -- -- 2 -- -- 11


II - 7


Appendix IIa, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents. Category Constituent Units Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD nPhysical Fine-ASTM,Passing No. 200 Sieve % 42.9 37.6 4 66.4 -- 1 7.9 -- 1 18 16 4 26.5 19.2 9Physical Oxygen, Saturation % 61 31 4 104 25 4 75 24 4 117 18 4 93 7 2 103 25 11Physical pH pH 7.1 0.7 4 8 0.4 4 7 0.9 4 7.7 0.8 4 8 0.3 2 7.8 0.5 11Physical Salinity ppt 2 0.5 3 0.9 0.7 3 0.2 0.1 3 0.7 0.4 3 0.2 0 2 0.9 1.1 11Physical SpecificConductivity mS/cm 4015 833 4 2173 1418 4 473 184 4 1797 987 4 384 76 2 1811 1963 11Physical Suspended Sediment Concentration % 50.7 -- 1 5.3 -- 1 173.6 -- 1 4.9 -- 1 70.5 117.2 8Physical Temperature ºC 16.5 1.5 4 19.1 3.6 4 14.2 1.4 4 17.6 4.3 4 16.2 0.8 2 16.8 1.7 11Physical Total Suspended Solids mg/l 81.2 96.8 3 127.2 212.9 3 5.1 8.2 3 57.9 97.1 3 2.7 1.4 2 102.2 116.9 11Physical Turbidity NTU 21 19 4 1.8 1.7 4 2.8 4.4 4 29.9 53.4 4 9.4 12.8 2 41.8 45.1 11Physical Velocity ft/s 0 0.1 4 0 0.1 4 0 0.1 4 0.3 0.4 4 -- -- 2 0.4 0.6 11

901SJSJC9 901SJSMT2 Watershed mean901SJMCC2 901SJOSO3 901SJSJC5

Appendix IIb. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents at non-SWAMP sites.

27 (Narco Downstream) 27 (Narco Upstream)Constituent Mean SD N Mean SD NCadmium, dissolved (ug/l) 19.2 23 36 12.3 1.9 12Chlorpyrifos (ng/l) -- -- 4 -- -- 4Copper, dissolved (ug/l) 1.3 4.3 12 -- -- 12Diazinon (ng/l) 5.8 11.5 4 6.3 12.7 4Malathion (ng/l) 735 848.7 4 78.5 90.6 4Nickel, dissolved (ug/l) 137.9 153.4 36 84.3 14.8 12Dimethoate (ng/l) -- -- 4 -- -- 4Total phophorus (mg/l) 0.7 1 12 0.7 1 12 Appendix IIb, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents at non-SWAMP sites.

Enteroccoccus Fecal Coliform Total Colilform TKN Orthophosphate(cfu / 100 ml) (cfu / 100 ml) (cfu / 100 ml) (mg/l) (mg/l)

Site Specific location Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N27 NarcoDownstream 6608 4965 12 7905 12898 42 1E+05 114456 11 6.3 2.7 1227 NarcoUpstream 8236 6124 11 25075 42113 12 2E+05 93720 11 6 2.1 1228 Lower Reach Downstream end 1698 1438 56 1008 1572 56 8946 8231 56 6 27.8 56 0.4 0.1 5628 Lower Reach midreach (La Plata) 2981 2790 67 1036 1358 67 15311 17776 67 2.6 0.9 67 0.4 0.2 6728 Middle Reach Downstream end (La

Paz)-Post construction1559 2015 19 606 861 19 6589 5636 19 2.1 0.9 19 0.5 0.7 19

28 Middle Reach Downstream end (La Paz)-Pre construction

3778 3035 30 1672 2355 30 28023 36401 30 2.6 0.5 30 0.5 0.5 30

28 Middle Reach upstream end (Nueva Vista) - Post construction

1872 2677 19 498 627 19 9884 14492 19 2.4 0.7 19 0.4 0.1 19

28 Middle Reach upstream end (Nueva Vista) - Pre consrtuction

3179 2921 41 1248 1627 41 17541 18562 41 2.6 0.7 41 0.5 0.2 41

28 Upper Reach - Upper End 5660 7075 55 4761 6371 55 1E+05 107626 55 2.9 0.5 55 0.4 0.2 55

II - 8


Appendix IIb, continued. Means and standard deviations of water chemistry constituents at non-SWAMP sites.

Dissolved Relative Specificoxygen (mg/l) pH Temperature (C) chlorophyll (ug/l) conductivity (mS/cm) Turbidity (NTU)

Site Specific location Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N1 AC-CCR 9.6 1.9 6 8.0 0.3 6 16.5 4 6 7.9 5.1 5 3 0.3 62 AC-PPD 9 1.6 6 8.1 0.2 6 17.8 2.2 6 2.3 0.7 5 2.6 0.4 64 REF-AT2 10 2 4 8.0 0.3 4 14.6 2.4 4 0.2 0.3 4 0.5 0.3 46 SJC-74 8.2 2.2 5 7.7 0.5 5 17.4 2.8 5 1 0.3 5 1.4 0.4 5

10 SMC-I5 6 1.6 2 7.2 0.1 2 18.7 0.5 2 0.9 0.2 2 0.8 0.1 2 1.2 0.2 211 WC-WCT 12.3 6 2 8.2 0.2 2 13.1 1.2 2 2.5 1 2.2 0.7 212 AC-ACP 8.7 2.7 6 8.0 0.2 6 18.5 2.9 6 2.5 1.7 5 3.2 0.4 613 CC-CR 12.4 3.6 4 7.9 0.1 4 15.4 2.5 4 0.9 0.7 4 1 0.2 414 EC-MD 11 2.2 6 8.4 0.6 6 18 4.2 6 3 1.1 5 1.9 0.2 615 LC-133 8.9 2.9 6 8.2 0.2 6 15.8 2 6 3.2 0.9 5 1.6 0.4 616 LP-BR 9.3 2.5 4 7.8 0.2 4 17.2 3.1 4 1.5 0.9 4 0.9 0.1 4 1.1 0.8 217 PD-CGV 10.4 1 8.8 1 15.2 1 0 3.8 118 REF-BC 8.6 3.3 4 7.8 0.5 4 16 0.2 4 0.1 0.1 4 0.8 0.1 419 REF-CS 11.6 0.9 6 8.4 0.3 6 15.5 2.6 6 0 0.6 0.1 620 SC-MB 9.4 1.3 6 7.8 0.3 6 15.7 2.9 6 5.4 1.4 5 3.7 0.7 621 SD-AP 9.8 3.4 6 8.0 0.5 6 14.1 3.3 6 7.6 2 5 4.5 0.9 622 SJC-CC 8 2.5 6 7.8 0.5 6 17.5 4.1 6 2.5 1 5 2.2 0.8 623 SOC-2 9.2 1 27.3 1 2.4 1 0.5 124 SOC-I5 8.4 0.9 2 7.6 0.1 2 13.5 3.8 2 2 0.3 2 1 0.1 2 412 580.9 225 TC-AP 10.2 4.3 6 8.2 0.4 6 16.3 2.6 6 0.9 0.7 5 1.1 0.2 626 TC-DO 12.8 2.4 6 8.4 0.2 6 20.2 7.2 6 9.4 10.1 5 2.2 0.5 627 Narco Downstream 18.3 4 41 0 73.2 3.4 1127 Narco Upstream 22.7 1.1 11 0 72.9 2 1128 Lower Reach Downstream end 15 3.8 56

28Lower Reach midreach (La Plata) 16.2 5 67

28 Middle Reach Downstream end (La Paz)-Post construction

13.4 5.1 19

28 Middle Reach Downstream end (La Paz)-Pre construction

16.8 3.2 30

28 Middle Reach upstream end (Nueva Vista) - Post construction

11.5 3.8 19

28 Middle Reach upstream end (Nueva Vista) - Pre consrtuction

16.8 3.6 41

28 Upper Reach - Upper End 18.2 2 55

II - 9


III - 1

APPENDIX III Results from toxicity assays for each endpoint at each site in the watershed. Mean = mean percent control. SD = standard deviation. A. SWAMP sites. B. Sites assessed by Orange County NPDES. A. SWAMP-Sites

Site Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n901SJALC6 104 6 3 84 43 3 86 20 4 135 64 3 52 34 4901SJATC2 95 7 2 71 5 2 0 1 0 95 8 2901SJATC5 94 12 4 87 25 4 101 16 3 120 44 3 52 47 4901SJBEL2 95 7 2 78 34 2 0 0 98 25 2901SJENG2 60 49 4 94 18 3 67 34 4 88 36 4 84 15 4901SJLAG2 78 45 4 91 36 4 66 41 4 123 34 4 49 11 4901SJMCC2 101 15 2 79 10 2 97 6 4 338 478 4 10 8 4901SJOSO3 77 40 3 102 38 3 52 71 2 82 1 52 24 4901SJSJC5 93 10 4 102 17 4 109 1 221 1 106 15 4901SJSJC9 98 5 4 111 22 4 93 23 4 119 45 4 53 21 4901SJSMT2 100 0 2 102 24 2 0 0 78 15 2Mean of all sites 87 30 34 93 26 33 79 34 27 155 197 24 99 35 38

C. dubia H. azteca S. capricornutumSurvival Young / female Survival Growth Total cell count

B. Orange County NPDES

Site Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n1 94 10 7 105 12 7 99 10 7 146 56 6 99 17 3 130 29 32 102 13 7 113 29 7 103 8 7 162 70 7 85 11 3 129 70 34 99 16 5 87 14 6 102 3 6 172 63 66 105 10 7 110 19 7 98 4 7 168 60 7

11 100 0 2 139 30 2 84 22 2 202 49 2 97 1 248 112 80 37 8 75 39 8 94 13 8 154 57 8 93 22 4 134 8 413 100 0 5 116 19 5 101 8 5 151 72 414 95 11 6 103 29 6 105 7 6 148 47 5 83 1 150 115 105 8 7 516 1030 7 99 5 7 200 110 717 0 1 0 1 100 1 179 118 97 5 6 104 14 6 100 7 6 161 42 519 102 4 7 124 29 7 100 10 7 185 66 720 67 46 7 65 60 7 91 20 6 160 67 821 38 44 6 9 8 5 100 0 5 129 48 422 98 4 6 111 11 6 106 5 6 147 49 525 124 62 7 131 25 7 113 21 7 157 68 626 100 7 6 118 24 6 102 6 6 147 46 5

Survival GrowthSurvival Growth Survival Total cell countC. dubia H. azteca S. capricornutum P. promelas


APPENDIX IV Mean IBI and metric scores for bioassessment sites in the San Juan HU. Note that the number listed under IBI is the mean IBI for each site, and not the IBI calculated from the mean metric values.

IBI Coleoptera EPT Predator % Collectors % Intolerant % Non-insect % TolerantTaxa Taxa Taxa Taxa Taxa

Site Season n Years Mean SD Mean SD MeanSD MeanSD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD1 Average 13 1998-2005 16.4 0.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.1 1.7 0.2 2.6 0.2 0 0 1.5 0.2 2.9 1.21 Fall 7 1998-2005 16.1 7.4 0.6 1 1.3 0.5 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.7 0 0 1.4 1.5 3.7 2.71 Spring 6 1998-2005 16.7 17.8 2.5 4.2 1.2 0.8 1.8 4 2.5 1.8 0 0 1.7 2.6 2 1.82 Average 12 1998-2005 14.9 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.2 1.3 0.2 2.8 2 0 0 1.7 0.9 2.7 0.52 Fall 6 1998-2005 15.7 9.9 0.7 1 1.3 0.8 1.5 2.8 4.2 3.9 0 0 1 0.9 2.3 1.92 Spring 6 1998-2005 14 8.6 1 1.7 1 0 1.2 2.9 1.3 1.4 0 0 2.3 1.9 3 1.83 Average 6 1998-2000 31.9 6.1 3.5 0.2 2.3 0.9 2.7 0.5 6.7 3.8 0 0 3.5 0.2 3.7 0.93 Fall 3 1998-2000 36.2 3.6 3.3 1.2 3 1 3 2 9.3 1.2 0 0 3.7 0.6 3 03 Spring 3 1998-2000 27.6 14.5 3.7 1.5 1.7 1.2 2.3 2.1 4 5.2 0 0 3.3 1.2 4.3 0.64 Average 6 2001-2005 68 23 7.1 2.7 7.4 1.6 5 3.5 7.1 4.1 6.6 4.1 7.5 0.7 6.9 0.54 Fall 2 2003-2005 84.3 12.1 9 1.4 8.5 2.1 7.5 2.1 10 0 9.5 0.7 8 1.4 6.5 0.74 Spring 4 2001-2005 51.8 18.6 5.3 3.4 6.3 1.9 2.5 3.7 4.3 2.2 3.8 2.8 7 0.8 7.3 0.55 Spring 2 2001-2001 16.4 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 8.5 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 06 Average 12 1998-2005 23.8 4.8 0.6 0.8 1.9 0.2 2.6 1.2 5.4 3.4 0 0 2.3 0.1 3.9 0.76 Fall 5 1998-2005 27.1 3.4 0 0 2 1.9 3.4 1.7 7.8 2.7 0 0 2.4 1.7 3.4 2.16 Spring 7 1998-2005 20.4 4.8 1.1 1.6 1.7 1 1.7 1 3 2.1 0 0 2.3 2.1 4.4 2.37 Spring 4 2001-2005 31.4 13.7 1.5 1.9 4.5 1.7 1.5 1.9 3 3.6 1.5 1.7 4.8 1 5.3 18 Spring 1 2001-2001 41.4 8 5 5 1 3 4 39 Spring 1 2001-2001 31.4 4 2 2 10 0 2 2

10 Average 2 2005-2006 23.6 27.3 4.5 3.5 1 0 2.5 3.5 5 7.1 0 0 1 1.4 1 1.410 Fall 1 2005-2005 42.9 7 1 5 10 0 2 210 Spring 1 2006-2006 4.3 2 1 0 0 0 0 011 Average 5 2001-2004 15.5 6.4 0 0 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 5.3 5.2 0 0 0 0 4.8 1.811 Fall 2 2002-2004 20 2 0 0 1 0 0.5 0.7 9 1.4 0 0 0 0 3.5 2.111 Spring 3 2001-2001 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7 2.9 0 0 0 0 6 412 Average 6 2002-2005 12 3.3 0 0 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 2.6 2.7 0 0 1.9 0.2 2.4 1.212 Fall 4 2002-2005 9.6 4.7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.8 1 0 0 1.8 1.7 3.3 2.512 Spring 2 2003-2005 14.3 2 0 0 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 4.5 0.7 0 0 2 1.4 1.5 0.713 Average 4 2003-2005 39.6 4.5 4.5 2.1 3.8 1.1 4.8 1.1 5.3 1.1 0.3 0.4 6 0.7 3.3 1.113 Fall 2 2003-2005 36.4 13.1 3 1.4 4.5 0.7 4 1.4 6 1.4 0 0 5.5 2.1 2.5 2.113 Spring 2 2003-2005 42.9 6.1 6 1.4 3 0 5.5 0.7 4.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 6.5 0.7 4 1.414 Average 5 2002-2005 14.5 0.3 0 0 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 6.5 0.7 0 0 0.3 0.4 2 014 Fall 4 2002-2005 14.6 6.6 0 0 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 6 3.9 0 0 0.5 0.6 2 1.414 Spring 1 2005-2005 14.3 0 1 0 7 0 0 215 Average 6 2002-2005 17 6.8 0 0 1.3 0.4 1 0.7 2 1.4 0 0 2.8 1.8 4.9 0.515 Fall 4 2002-2005 21.8 6.2 0 0 1.5 0.6 1.5 1.3 3 2 0 0 4 0.8 5.3 2.215 Spring 2 2003-2005 12.1 3 0 0 1 0 0.5 0.7 1 0 0 0 1.5 0.7 4.5 0.716 Average 4 2004-2006 36.8 0.5 2.8 1.1 3.3 1.1 3.5 0.7 4.5 2.1 1 0 4.8 1.8 6 1.416 Fall 2 2004-2005 36.4 9.1 2 2.8 4 0 4 2.8 6 1.4 1 0 3.5 2.1 5 016 Spring 2 2005-2006 37.1 14.1 3.5 4.9 2.5 0.7 3 2.8 3 1.4 1 0 6 1.4 7 017 Average 2 2002-2003 7.1 6.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 2.1 1.5 2.117 Fall 1 2002-2002 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 2 017 Spring 1 2003-2003 11.4 0 0 0 0 0 5 318 Average 4 2003-2005 65.7 5.1 6.5 1.4 6 0 7 0 6.5 1.4 5 2.1 7.5 0.7 7.5 0.718 Fall 2 2004-2005 69.3 9.1 7.5 3.5 6 1.4 7 1.4 7.5 3.5 6.5 2.1 7 1.4 7 1.418 Spring 2 2003-2005 62.1 9.1 5.5 2.1 6 1.4 7 2.8 5.5 0.7 3.5 2.1 8 0 8 0

IV - 1


Appendix IV, continued. Mean IBI and metric scores. IBI Coleoptera EPT Predator % Collectors % Intolerant % Non-insect % Tolerant

Taxa Taxa Taxa Taxa TaxaSite Season n Years Mean SD Mean SD MeanSD MeanSD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD19 Average 6 2002-2005 33.8 3.3 2.5 2.1 3.5 0 1.3 1.1 2.5 2.1 0.6 0.2 6.9 0.2 6.4 0.919 Fall 4 2002-2005 36.1 11.1 4 3.6 3.5 1 0.5 1 4 3.8 0.8 0.5 6.8 1.5 5.8 2.119 Spring 2 2003-2005 31.4 2 1 1.4 3.5 0.7 2 1.4 1 0 0.5 0.7 7 1.4 7 1.420 Average 6 2002-2005 7.3 1.3 0 0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 3.5 0 0 0 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.420 Fall 4 2002-2005 8.2 7.9 0 0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 3.5 1.7 0 0 0.8 1.5 1 1.420 Spring 2 2003-2005 6.4 5.1 0 0 0.5 0.7 0 0 3.5 2.1 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.721 Average 6 2002-2005 18.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 1 0 7.5 2.8 0 0 1.4 0.9 2.5 0.721 Fall 4 2002-2005 19.3 5.5 0 0 0.3 0.5 1 1.4 9.5 1 0 0 0.8 1.5 2 021 Spring 2 2003-2005 18.6 4 1 1.4 0.5 0.7 1 0 5.5 6.4 0 0 2 1.4 3 4.222 Average 6 2002-2005 15.4 3.5 1 1.4 1 0 1.5 1.4 3.6 3 0 0 1.9 0.2 1.8 0.422 Fall 4 2002-2005 17.9 12.4 0 0 1 0 2.5 1.3 5.8 4.9 0 0 1.8 1 1.5 1.922 Spring 2 2003-2005 12.9 4 2 0 1 0 0.5 0.7 1.5 2.1 0 0 2 0 2 023 Spring 1 2005-2005 50 10 3 8 4 0 7 324 Average 3 2004-2006 27.9 1 3.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 3.5 0.7 7.5 3.5 0 0 3 1.4 1 024 Fall 2 2004-2005 28.6 16.2 3.5 4.9 0.5 0.7 3 1.4 10 0 0 0 2 2.8 1 1.424 Spring 1 2006-2006 27.1 4 1 4 5 0 4 125 Average 6 2002-2005 17 9.8 0.5 0.7 1.4 0.5 1.5 0 4.1 4.4 0 0 1.6 0.5 2.8 1.825 Fall 4 2002-2005 23.9 10.6 1 1.2 1.8 0.5 1.5 1.3 7.3 3.2 0 0 1.3 1 4 2.425 Spring 2 2003-2005 10 0 0 0 1 0 1.5 2.1 1 1.4 0 0 2 1.4 1.5 2.126 Average 6 2002-2005 18.8 2.3 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 3.9 5.5 0 0 3.3 1.8 3.9 2.326 Fall 4 2002-2005 20.4 2.1 0.5 1 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 7.8 4.5 0 0 2 2.7 2.3 1.726 Spring 2 2003-2005 17.1 0 1 1.4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 0.7 5.5 2.1

IV - 2

surface water ambient monitoring program (swamp) · program (swamp) report on . the san juan...

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