surfaceactiveagents-140111095023-phpapp01.ppt

7/23/2019 surfaceactiveagents-140111095023-phpapp01.ppt

1/22

SURFACTANTS

1

PRESENTS BYPRESENTS BYPRADEEPKUMAR YADAVPRADEEPKUMAR YADAV

RAMNIRANJAN JHUNJHUNWALARAMNIRANJAN JHUNJHUNWALA

COLLEGECOLLEGE

MSC(II) (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)MSC(II) (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)SEM (III) ( 2013 14 )SEM (III) ( 2013 14 )


2/22

CONTENTSCONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

C.M.CC.M.C

MICELLAR SOLUBILIZATIONMICELLAR SOLUBILIZATION

TYPES OF SURFACTANTSTYPES OF SURFACTANTS

PROPERTIESPROPERTIES APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

2


3/22

SURFACTANTSSURFACTANTS

3

Molecules a! "os #$a# a%e a&so%&e! a# #$e "#e%'ace "s

#e%(e! asSurfactants

Su%'ac#a#s $a)e #*o !"s#"c# %e+"os " #$e"% c$e("cals#%uc#u%e, oe o' *$"c$ "s *a#e%-l""+ o% Hydrophilic

a! #$e o#$e% o' *$"c$ "s *a#e%-$a#"+ o%

Hydrophobic.

T$ese (olecules a%e %e'e%%e! #o as Amphiphilic or

Amphipathic (olecules o% s"(/l0 as Surfactants o%

Surface active agents.


4/22

T$e 'uc#"oal +%ou/s suc$ as alco$ol"c -O,

ca%&o40l"c ac"! -COO, sul/$a#e -SO5 6 7ua#e%a%0

a((o"u(N58 co#%"&u#e #ohydrophilic portion

Al0l c$a"s co#%"&u#e #o lipophilic nature o'

(olecules

T$e /ola% e! o%"e#e! #o*a%!s #$e *a#e% as *ell as #$e

o /ola% e! /%o9ec#e! u/*a%!s #o s/ace.

SURFACTANTSSURFACTANTS

5


5/22

:$e a su%'ac#a# "s /lace! " *a#e% "# 'o%(s ("celles a#

coce#%a#"os a&o)e "#s critical micelle concentration(CMC),#$e0 'o%( a++%e+a#es o* as ("celles.

I a ("celle, #$e $0!%o/$o&"c #a"ls 'loc #o #$e "#e%"o% "

o%!e% #o (""(";e #$e"% co#ac# *"#$ *a#e%, a! #$e $0!%o/$"l"c

$ea!s %e(a" o #$e ou#e% su%'ace " o%!e% #o (a4"(";e #$e"%

co#ac# *"#$ *a#e% .

CMCCMC


6/22

C%"#"cal ("cella% coce#%a#"o "s #$e coce#%a#"o a# *$"c$#$e (oo(e%"c su%'ac#a# (olecules assoc"a#es "#o s(all

a++%e+a#es calle! ("celles.

D"lu#"+ #$e su%'ac#a# solu#"o #o &elo* #$e c(c causes #$e

("celles #o !"s/e%se o% &%ea u/ "#o s"+le o% o assoc"a#e!su%'ac#a# (olecules.

M"celles a%e o# s#a#"c a++%e+a#es &u# !"ssoc"a#e, %e+%ou/ a!

%eassoc"a#e %a/"!l0.

T$e%e "s a !0a("c e7u"l"&%"u( &e#*ee s"+le su%'ac#a#

(olecules a! ("celles. T$e s$a/e o' ("celles " !"lu#e su%'ac#a# solu#"os

"s a//%o4"(a#el0 s/$e%"cal.

CMCCMC

=


7/22

Solu&"l";a#"o ca &e !e'"e! as #$e s/o#aeous !"ssol)"+ o'

a su&s#ace &0 %e)e%s"&le "#e%ac#"o *"#$ #$e ("celles o' a

su%'ac#a# " *a#e% #o 'o%( a #$e%(o!0a("call0 s#a&le "so#%o/"c

solu#"o *"#$ %e!uce! #$e%(o!0a("c ac#")"#0 o' #$esolu&"l";e! (a#e%"al.

A# su%'ac#a# coce#%a#"os a&o)e #$e cmc #$e solu&"l"#0

"c%eases l"ea%l0 *"#$ #$e coce#%a#"o o' su%'ac#a#,

"!"ca#"+ #$a# solu&"l";a#"o "s %ela#e! #o ("cell";a#"o.

T$e lo*e% "s #$e CMC )alue a! $"+$e% #$e a++%e+a#"o

u(&e% , #$e (o%e s#a&le a%e #$e ("celles.

M"cella% solu&"l";a#"oM"cella% solu&"l";a#"o

>


8/22

Surfactants, TypesSurfactants, Types

A"o"c? So!"u( !o!ec0l lau%0lsul'a#e SLS

Ca#"o"c? Do!ec0l#%"(e#$0l a((o"u( &%o("!eDTAB

No"o"c? T*ees, S/as

Z*"##e%"o"cA(/$o#e%"c? Lec"#$"P$os/$ol"/"!s, O#$e%s

No#%a!"#"oal? B"le sal#s

D%u+s? De4)e%a/a("l-Cl, "&u/%o'e, a! &e;oca"e.

@


9/22

Anionic surfactantsAnionic surfactants

Sodium Lauryl Sulphate BP

M"4#u%e o' so!"u( al0l sul/$a#es, #$e c$"e' o' *$"c$ "s

so!"u( !o!ec0l sul'a#e, C122


10/22

Cationic surfactantsCationic surfactants

ca#"o"c su%'ac#a#s a%e "(/o%#a# /$a%(aceu#"call0

&ecause o' #$e"% &ac#e%"c"!al ac#")"#0 a+a"s# a *"!e %a+e

o' +%a(-/os"#")e a! so(e +%a(-e+a#")e o%+a"s(s. T$e0 (a0 &e use! o #$e s", es/ec"all0 " #$e clea"+ o'

*ou!s.

T$e"% a7ueous solu#"os a%e use! 'o% clea"+

co#a("a#e! u#es"ls.

1


11/22

Non-ionic surfactantsNon-ionic surfactants

11

T$ese a%e o# "o"se! " a7ueous solu#"o

Pol0o40 e#$0lee so%&"#a 'a##0 ac"! es#e%s

Sorbitan esters are supplied commercially as Spans and

are ("4#u%es o' #$e /a%#"al es#e%s o' so%&"#ol a! "#s (oo-

a! !"-a$0!%"!es *"#$ ole"c ac"!.

T$e0 a%e +ee%all0 "solu&le " *a#e% lo* $0!%o/$"le

l"/o/$"le &alace LB )alue a%e use! as *a#e%-"-o"l

e(uls"'"e%s a! as *e##"+ a+e#s.


12/22

Non-ionic surfactantsNon-ionic surfactants

12

Polysorbates are complex mixtures of/a%#"al es#e%s o' so%&"#ol

a! "#s (oo a! !"-a$0!%"!es co!ese! *"#$ a

a//%o4"(a#e u(&e% o' (oles o' e#$0leeo4"!e.

T$e0 a%e su//l"e! co((e%c"all0 as Tweens.The polysorbatesare miscible *"#$ *a#e%, as %e'lec#e! " #$e"% $"+$e% LB

)alues, a! a%e use! as e(uls"'0"+ a+e#s 'o% o"l-"-*a#e%

e(uls"os.


13/22

PROPERTIESPROPERTIES

- :e##"+- :e##"+

- E(uls"'"ca#"o- E(uls"'"ca#"o

- D"s/e%s"o Solu&"l";a#"o- D"s/e%s"o Solu&"l";a#"o- Foa("+ De-'oa("+- Foa("+ De-'oa("+

- De#e%+ec0- De#e%+ec0

- Co!"#"o"+- Co!"#"o"+- T$"ce"+- T$"ce"+

13


14/22

WETTINGWETTING

15

Paraffin or new cottoncloth barely wetted bywater, but when surfactant

is added to water theirsurface easily becomes wet

Surfactant in floor cleaneras a wetting agent


15/22

EMUSIFICATIONEMUSIFICATION

1

surfaceactiveagents-140111095023-phpapp01.ppt

Documents