surmy and high of 80. zero c hance rain coday , .30%...

16
July 21, 1983 Just in the sun SariJsa John.son found a cool ·and praclica/ solution to summer heat with her sundress and sunbonnet. (Scaff photo by Tom Lowe) Surmy and high of 80. Zero chance of rain Coday, .30% chance tonigh1.

Upload: phamkiet

Post on 28-Mar-2018

218 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

TRANSCRIPT

July 21, 1983

Just soakin~ in the sun SariJsa John.son found a cool ·and praclica/ solution to summer heat with her sundress and sunbonnet. (Scaff photo by Tom Lowe)

Surmy and high of 80. Zero chance of rain

Coday, .30% chance tonigh1.

2EXPONENT

The Soapbox

Thin thighs in thirty days Nine may be a personal amulet and three may be a charm. but 30 seems

to be the most potently magical number of all, especially in American. Haven't you seen the signs? Read the books? "Thirty Days to Shaplicr

Thighs," Thirty Days to a Flatter Stomach" and " How to Clear Up Your Face in 30 Days" arc just a few of the pamphlets pushing in front of our eyes at the checkout stands. Every magazine in the rack has a feature arti­cle on some month-long transformation: deal with aggression. remodel your home, build a new wardrobe, become a financial wizard and a better parent , all in only 30 days.

Many of the promises arc fairly trivial, such as learning the secrets of applying eyeshadow or mastering a golf stroke. Several of the claims, however, assure consumers that entire personalities can be altered in a matter of weeks. At any given time, a person has the option of learning to attract members of the opposite sex in throngs, losing shyness, becoming sensitive, dealing with childhood traumas through self-psychoanalysis and speaking a foreign language fluently, all in a short period of time.

In this instant country, anything that takes too much time is not worth it. This attitude is not only invading through supermarket magazines. Ever looked in an average American pantry? Macaroni and cheese, ready in seven minutes. Beef raviolios, heat and serve. Cheerios. add milk and eat. Minute rice. Instant milk. Waffle batter, pour in water and stir. Fro­zen pizzas. ten-minute fishsticks, five-minute hotdogs and Cup-a-Soup. The final touch? Microwaves!

Part of the reason for America's success as a free nation is the impetu­ous, impatient nature of its citizens. These characteristics encouraged the fight for independence, the expansion westward , the industrial explosion and the current technological treasure hunting. Those sa me traits also are responsible for America's and American's biggest flaws .

Why is an American ridiculed in a foreign country? He demands instant service. If he ca n't learn the language in a week, he won't bother to learn. He rushes into everything. To get there first. he will leave before he is fully prepared . All is performed according to a calendar and a schedule, with strict deadlines set. Americans are always in a hurry.

When everything is rushed through. the rewards are often as short-lived as the effort was. Feel out of shape? Want to learn French? Like to change the way other people think about you? Hate to discourage you, but I doubt it can be done in 30 days. not with lasting results. Face it. Thin thighs in thirty days is just thiily, ii not impothible.

- Michelle Wing

From the readers Phone flop To The Editor:

The students of MS U ought to request a hearing to determine the sanity 01 those responsible for the campus-wide abortion hilariously known as our new phone system.

Just as we thought the oil companies were finally loosening their hold on us, they jump into the telephone system and deploy the inefficient and inept qualities of their past holdings into a bastardized version of Ma Bell.

It is unbelievable that the golden allure of future savings in the telephone system would unbalance our leadership to such an extent that we end up with no phone service to pertinent and critical depanments-such as child day care-on campus.

I always wondered why the Mountain Bell employees walking around campus were laughing so hysterically ... after less than one week of attempting to use my new phones I now know.

Why was this condition allowed to develop?

Why was a commonsense approach to the system ig·nored?

Utters to the editor must be typewritun and doublt spactd. Prtference will be given let1rrs undtr JOO words. Longtr ltlltrs will bt publishtd when room pro\•idts. Utttrs mu.st be signed and prtsented wilh positive proof of idtntification. Tht Exponent "serves tht right to edit for libel and length.

Why is Ma Bell suing the ne\\ phone system?

Why isn't my phone working? Stay tuned. same place, same

situation for-As the Dial Turns ..... John Degcl

Summer Exponent

omc. "4-2111

The Exponen1 is an independent s1udent­v.-nttcn and student-manaacd nc .. 'lpapcr and was cstabhshed January I, 1910. at Montana State University. Bozeman. Montana. as con-11nuation or 1hc Monthly Exponent. cs1ab­lishcd Januaf) I. 1895

The op1n1ons expressed herein arc not necessarily those of the UR1\crs1ty or of the student body.

The Exponent 1s published twice weekly, except on holidays and during finals weeks. dunng the school year and one issue per v.cck during the summer b) thC' Assocuted Students of Montana State Unwcmty

The Exponent is printed b) the Bozeman Daily Chronicle 1n Bozeman, Montana

Known office of pubhcauon Room Jl2 Student Union Building. Montana late Un1-vcrstt)· . Bouman, Montana S9717.

econd Class pos1agc paid at Bozeman Dail) Chronicle at Bozeman. Montana ub­scriptton. b) mail per )"CU 1s SIS

The Exponent is a mem~r of 1he Montana Press Assoc1atton and 1hc Rocky Mountain Collcg1a1c PreS5 Assoc1at1on

July 21, 1913

··­M1C11e 1ie Wing

~~,~~/"' IN .. Editor K•Vl(I Do;an

SulilMN .. ,,_.., MICherre W/1'19

S•ft f'1tolOlt9phM Tom Lowe

Cohlmnltb De11111sHenry

Ad~::!,:!e~' Ad,,.,.,nfl la)'O&lf .. ,_,.,

DavidStOMBH

PllTO,,.,.tor James Prchal

Prootr.d., Kevin Dolan

ucr:i:,::::;r ,,__

Dee Sn.pstead

r~ren~!., s.c,. .. ,,

DeeSnQSINd

July 21, 1983

Events JULY 22 JULY 25 JULY 27

Gov. Ted Schwinden will sireak on The film "Bringing Up Baby"' will be Gerald Sullivan, Professor of Ele-

"Montana•s Economic Future and shown at 9 pm in the North Hedges mentary Education, will discuss .. The

the Relationship to the Far East.•• at lobby. Sponsored by Programming Teaching of Reading from the Horn

12:30 pm in 220 SUB. Services and the Family Housing .8-0olc to the Honey Bear" at 12:30

Adv,.ory Council pm in the Hedges small dining room.

The ftlm "Easy Rider" will be shown

at dusk outside the SUB. Sponsored Mick Hager, Director of the Museum The film " Dragon Slay<r" will be

by ASMSU Summer Films. Free of the Rockies, will speak on "Past, shown at 8 pm in 339 Johnson HaJL

Pres•nt and Future: The Museum of Tickets a re $1 for students and $2 fo1

the Rockies, a RegionaJ Educational no1Htudents, Sponsored by ASMSU

Resource,"at l2:30pm intbc Hedges Summer FillllS.

JULY 23 small dining room.

Big Sky Wind Drinker·s Run. Meet

Today is a great day to endulge in 6;30 p.m. at Bozeman Creek.

recreation that has eluded you car-JULY26

lier thi! wee.k.

JULY28

JULY 24 A workshop titled "Family Fishing"

will be presented by D&ve Kumlien

of the Wild Wings Orvis S hop, ;it Ken Karsmizki. curator of history at 7:30 pm in the Famlly Hoµsing the Museum of the Rock es. will dis-

The film "Bringing Up Baby," fea- Complex. Somecqu1pment provided. CU$$ "lJ omestead ing; A Montana turing Katharine Hcpburnand Cary Free and sponsored by the Family Tradition" at 1;!:30-pm in the Ii edges Grant, \\'ill be shown at dusk outside Housing Advisory Council. small dining room. the SOB Barn. Free.

. j

ASMSU AUTO =-=-R ~E P=----=A-=-=l'-=--=R'-----=S~H_,,_,,O~P-~_~_- -~--­

The Student Shop

Wonder how to cut your auto repair costs? Stop by the A.R.S. and do it yourself. Advisors are here to assist you in any way they can.

Parts and supplies are available at a low cost. Staff and faculty can use the shop for $4.00 per hour any time during

the summer.

Bring this ad in and get 25% off any FRAM FILTER.

Deadline for sale is next Saturday, July 30.

Hours: 8:00 to 8:00 Monday to Saturday For reservations phone 994-3342

EXPONENT3

Holidaze Behold the doomsayers arc coming a'cropping.

~ ~

Well versed in history, economics, financial

analysis, and other misused forms of educated

hindsight, such trade papers as Personal Finance,

Tax Angles and similar giants of the tax­loophole tabloid industry are prophesying the

collapse of the world economy by 1985.

They are advising all of their readers to make their investment decisions

based upon these and other assumptions of impending doom. Mexico,

they fear. will be in the throes of a Marxist revolution before the decade is

over. Lithuania. Estonia, and Latvia will join the Ukraine in rebelling

against the Soviets. Aw. come on guys. lsn•t that a bit too much like Jean Dixon? I

understand trying to sell magazines. but using such hype-feeds on the

paranoia of an already skittish flock of followers is far more than I can

stand without laughing. This growing group of journals has decided 10 push a product. The

product is their own grizzly vision of how the world ought to end up for

not listening to their last set of predictions.

The omens on which these oracular ttps are based are common

knowledge. If the Fed doesn't manage to balance the pressures and keep

interest rates within reason without refueling inflation or putting the

money ~upply on a starvation diet. there may indeed be another recession

in our future. But, what these prophets fail to recogmze 1s that the Fed

already has a few rounds under its belt and is not likely to forget those

lessons. The loosening of bank mg regulations. which allows the friendly face

behind the teller cage to act as a stock broker and allows Sears to set up

financial houses right next to the Kenmore washing machines, has these

people scared. Visions of 1929 and paper millionaires plummeting 20

stories down- following the trends of both their fortunes and the stock

market - seem to run rampant in the fevered dreams of such people.

They see the writing on the wall , but interpret it in another language

This move towards making the investments' industry more competitive

has not made the regulatory agencies and acts any less responsible for

making sure that everythi ng is above board.

The Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation has not been disbanded

and Wall Street continues to police its own. The lessens of 1929 were too

severe to fo rget and the cure too difficult to swallow to allow such a

situation to befall the planet again. The doomsaycrs don't think so.

I'm sure they arc busily stockpiling their bomb shelters with all of the

necessities for surviving anythi ng from an invasion of Manians to an all

out nuclear war. All the while. they arc fancying themselves as heros of

some continental guerrilla war and financing purchases of weapons and

freeze dried food through investment in a resurging economy.

One last point which, they preach, will put a ny hope fo r modern society

out of reach is the massive federal budget deficit. If it continues to grow.

- they are pleased to let us know. it will force all of the above predictions to

fall into place. T hese people are-determined to keep as much revenue out of the hands

of the govern ment as legally possible. Usi ng the syste m to its full

advantage, even if it means the demise of that system, s~acks of lemming·

like behavior. I suppose that it is their right to follow any adv.cc they

believe true. But it st rikes me as very odd that while they preacl. disaster,

they also advise which companies will be the Xeroxes of the late 80's. - Dennis Henry

In case no one let the cat out of the bag, there are some serious

problems with the telephone system and numbers on campus.

In an effort to clear up the confusion regarding our office, we

would like to publish the following numbers - however ,

temporary they may be, so our friends and foes ca if they wish. 1984 MONTANAN ................ . 994-3111 Editor · John Degel.. .......... 994-5906 Photo Editor· Dennis Clark ........ 994-2455 Darkroom .............. 994-2205

INFINITY MAGAZINE.. ............. 994-2552 Editor · Norman Tveit... .. ....... 994-5907 Asst. Editor· Richard Mariff .... .... 994-2551 We ~ealize these numbers may be temporary, but a t least they II give us a chance to operate with some semblance of

order. Thank you for bearing with us.

4 EX PONENT

Math test results no surprise By KEJ'IN D OLAN News Editor

The results of the first use of a system-wide math assessment test .. weren't surprising."

The test, which was put together by math department heads from each unit of the university system, was administered for he first time during MSU's first orientation session.

Ken Tiahrt, head of MSU's math department. said the results of the test weren't surprising, noting that students who had taken math all the way through high school "did very well on the test."

Tiahrt added. however. only half of the 495 students who took the test had taken more than two years of algebra in high school, and about 21% of those who took the test were advised to take the no­credit Math 001 course.

Another 28% of the students that took the test were advised to take the intermediate and college algebra class (Math 100). Tiahn said. Tiahn noted that most of Math 100 wiil be switched over to a non-credit class when the next campus catalog takes effect.

Tiahn also said he thought "too many students missed basic arithmetic questions.·· noting that one-third of the students missed one of three questions on simple fractions.

The results of the test only determine which math class the department will advise students to enroll in and is not mandatory, said Tiahrt , because the department doesn't "have the manpower to do that (enforce the

placement.)" Tiahrt said overall he is pleased

with the test. He added he expects to tabulate the results of all the tests given this October after all the orientation sessions are finished.

When all the results are tabulated, Tiahrt said he will "report back to the high schools on what their students did on the test"

and tell them "which concepts t heir students missed and which ones they knew."

After all the grades are out in January, Tiahrt said he will be able to do some follow up studies on the students that did not take the advice given to them from the results of their test.

Canadian camping tour slated A nine-day camping tour

through the national parks in the Canadian Rockies will be offered Saturday, Aug. 20 through Sunday, Aug. 28 through MSU.

Areas in Alberta and British Columbia which will be included in the tour are Watenon Lakes, Banff, Jasper, Yoho, Kootenai, Glacier, and Mount Revelstoke National Parks.

Cost of the trip will be $100 which covers transportation. park entrance and camping fees,

" Quitting isa

snap%' 'Tm gonna help you

break tne cigarette habit with mv 'Larry Hagman Special Stop Smokin' Wrist Snappin' Red Rub­ber Band: Get one free from vour American Cancer Societ\'. ..

!AMERICAN

r~,

equipment such as tents, sleeping bags and pads, backpacks, stoves and other group gear.

The registration deadline is Friday, Aug. 12 and space is limited to a maximum of 12 persons. Registration is open to members of the community and university: The tour is sponsored by the ASMSU Outdoor Recreation Program. For additional information, call 994-3621.

July 21 , 1983

THE FILLING STATION

WRIST WRESTLING

Wed . Night July 27th *NO ENTRY FEE*

$10 .00 cash prize for winners in men's & women 's weiqht classes

H•ppy Hour Everyday 25$ Beer fr 7:00 - 9:00

2005 N. ROUSE 7-9826

It's Permanent Wa ve Time! Chemical Hair Styling is a must for today's busy

Man and Woman!

PenMMnt wa ... ~Body Wawet . $10" to $23"

Tims - $6" Holr Cull . $4•

Why Pay More? Get youn at

MR. MACK'S BOZEMAN BEAUTY COLLEGE

(Open Th ursday Evenings!

2 West Main 587-5161

"MOST STUDENTS DON'T KNOW THAT ARMY ROTC LEADS TO AN ARMY omCER'S COMMISSION

Besides studying for his degree in management. senior Scott Bacon is also learning what it takes to become an officer through Army ROTC

"[ attended an Army ROTC Day during my freshman summer on­entation. \\'hen I found out you "eren't obligated to anything your freshman and sophomore years. I decided to rry it. I C'njoy ROTC I'm learning things I normally wouldn't learn in college l 1kc leadership theones. And tactic>. The manage­ment training you reccl\'C is really good, roo. It helped me.: a lot with my other management courses.

"I'm prctcy involved with the Un1versicy. so I'm glad ROTC doesn't take up a lor of time. Ir's JUSt a couple of hours a week. At the end of your junior year, you have to go ro Ad­vanced Camp. It's a Im of fun. You get introduced to everything the Army. has to offer. Tanks, helicopter -. you name it

"ln your last two years of ROTC, you receive $100 a month. The way 1 see it, ROTC is paying you money

Scon Bacon. management major and inc-mber of Army ROTC

M GRADUATION!'

ARMY ROTC. BE ALL YOU CAN BE.

and you just give the Anny back a little of your time. When l get out of the Anny, my experience should make it easier to get a job. Corporanons look for officers, because they have expe­rience managing people and equip­ment. :\nd I think smrting salanes might be hi~her because of that expenence

For Scott Bacon, addmg Anny ROTC to his college schedule has really paid off. Because it actually added another dimension to his c-ol­lege education

And Army ROTC can do the same for you

For more information, stop by the Army ROTC office on your cam­pus today

And begin your furure as an officer.

Stop by Hamilton Hall Room 208 994-4044

July 21, 1913

SATURDAY JULY 23 8:30-5:30

Call 586-2732 to see a great '76 Chevette for sale . Good Price ... Good Car. Bnng this ad for a extra sp«ial smile

EXPONENT5

Filling holes Paul Ka10, ltft, and Arden Edwards worked on filling in the gaps on campus. (Stoff photo by Tom Lo.,.,e)

Women's Center announces hours As of July 18, the Women's

Resource Center will have moved

from 308 Hamilton Hall to 15

Hamilton Hall. Our hours this summer are Monday through

2CRISP TACOS

Offer Good Thru. 8-1 -83

Thrusday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and on Friday from 9:00 a.m.

to noon. We are back to regular hours agai n in the fall. Monday

through Friday from 9:00 to 5:00. Our phone number remains the

same. 994-3836, throughout the

move. The library is fully operational

now. with books on subjecb including socialization of women. work, sexuality and sexual

preference, education, health,

history of women. changing roles of men, and more. These books

can be borrowed for three weeks. In addition, we have several

subscriptions of magazines of

interest to women. including MS,

,~;~):

Of/Our Ba,·ks the NOW Journal

and Femim.lI Srudiel. The) can be

read at the Center or copies of particular artdes can be made.

We also have a file system on the

same subjects as the library has, where you c--rn find information on

cenain subjt"cts, which you may not find an) place else. Finally, we

want you to ~now that there also is a bulletin board with vacancies for

employmem. mo~t of them are

state jobs and are outside Bozeman. which is being updated every week .

If you have any spare time please do not hesitate to ,;ontact us or

walk m to get informauon you

need.

Wednesday, July 27 8:00 p.m. 339 Johnson

$1 MSU Students $2 General Admission

6 EXPONENT July 21, 1983

~---~--------------r------------------B~zeman _voter_s pass . : center I center mzll levy zn thzrd electzon • 1 By KEVIN D OLAN News Editor

Bozeman voters passed the special high school mill levy in the districts 's third election last Tuesday by a 3-1 margin.

The third election for the mill levy, which makes up one-third of the high school's budget, was the district's final chance lo pass the S 1.2 million levy.

There was a 23.4% voter turnout for the election, with 5071 votes cast. A total of 3833 votes were cast in favor of the levy, or 75%, and 1233 voted against the levy, or 25%.

Bozeman Superintendent Keith Chambers said he was "indeed proud of the citizens who have once again indicated their commitment to the education of our young people."

He also thanked those that worked hard to pass the levy on the third vote, including the ''Concerned Citizens,·• who campaigned successfully to defeat the levy in the first two electio ns.

Chambers added that he would "do all I can to see that the district exercises prudent and sound judgement in the use of resources."

The Museum of the Rockies will be one theme in upcoming speeches. (Sraffphoto by Sam Grimes)

Lectures feature Museum Far Easi trade, the Museum of

the Rockies, reading and homesteading are the topics slated for discussion this week as pan of the .. Mountains and Mind " lecture series.

Governor Ted Schwinden will discuss · ~ Montana 's Economic Future and The Relationship to the Far East " this Friday at 12:30 in 220 SOB. Schwinden will talk about how Montana is emerging from economic isolation through international trade and in particular. through trade with the Pacific- Far East.

Schwinden led a large trade mission last May to the Far East to investigate the possibilities for expanding trade and relations with the Pacific Rim countries.

Next Monday, Mick Hager, director of the Museum of the Rockies, will discuss " Past , Present and Future: The Museum of the Rockies , A Regional Educational Resource" at 12:30 p.m. in the Hedges small dining room. He will discuss the background of the museum and its impact as a major regional facility of national and international significance. The"""

dinosaur and homestead research projects currently under way will b.: Gxplo1t.J in detail.

Gerald Sullivan, professor of elementary education, will speak on "The Teaching of Reading from the Horn Book to the Honey Bear" Wednesday, July 27. at 12:30 p.m. in the Hedges small dining room. An author and publisher, S ullivan will discuss the development of the teaching of reading in the United States from Colonial times to the present including the " McGuffy Reader," " Webster's Blueback Speller," and "Sally, Dick and Jane."

On Thursday, K.en K.arsmizki, curator of history at the Museum of the Rockies, will discuss "Homesteading: A Mo ntana Tradition" at 12:30 p.m, in the Hedges small d ining room. He will speak about a study tha t will focus on a 20-township a rea of the Gallatin Valley containing approximately 800 patented homesteads spanning a period from 1875-1926.

For more information on the lecture series, call 994-2372.

I

: U BOWL... : U CHALK UP ... :1

11\ I t1\

I ~..._ 2 GAMES FOR THE PRICE O F ONE I ~..._

0

H0

Au pL0

Fn·PR ICED POOL with tbi a with this coupon 1·6 bowlers. l lane

I Vo.lid July 21, 1983 thru July 27, 1983 I M1n1mum p lay one halJ hour

.. • • • • • •• • • • •• • • •• •. l. • •• .v.:!1~ul.:..2 '!.l:3:r~ui~1.2'~l:a. ---

ASMSU Summer Programming

Friday July 22 Free Admission

Outside SUB at dark

In Case Of Rain: SUB Ballroom

Strand Union

More than just a building, the Strand Union is a place where people meet and things happen.

In fact , it's almost a way of life for many students and other members of the univer­sity community.

It's the perfect place to relax with a few friends , enjoy a good book, treat yourself to a snack or savor a good meal. Or if the competitive urge strikes you, challenge someone to a rousing game of billiards.

Kick back •.• and enjoy life at the Strand Union.

i u

Tired of running alone? Talk to the Big Sky Wind Drinkers. Runner Robert Turnquist

strips down/or the heat. (Staff photo by Tom Lowe)

EXPONENT7

Local runners drink wind By MICHELLE WING Editor

There's a group of runners in town that never have to worry about contaminated water. They drink the

wind. The Big Sky Wind Drinkers are members of a club

designed for runners who enjoy company, according

to Mike Lesnik, club treasurer. "Anyone who gets bored running by themselves .. . can run along with us

and enjoy running together." Lesnik added, "We're looking for and hoping to

attract all kinds of runners ... whether joggers or state

champions." Over 200 runners from across the state, and even

across the country, arc members of the Wind Drinkers. According to Lesnik, the number of active

runners and the total membership is fairly static. ... like running across the nation, there was a big surge

and now it's kind of stabilizing." The group meets every Wednesday night in the

summer to run together. The enthusiasts use different courses each week to familiarize themselves with

various paths. Recent runs have been on the Sourdough Nature Trail, Story Hills, past the landfill

area and off-road loops originating at the MSU track.

Five to 25 people show up for any given fun run.

Timing is available. The club also sponsors or co-sponsors several other

runs during the year, including the 1983 Sweet Pea Run on Aug. 6. Later in the month, Aug. 25 and 26,

the Wind Drinkers will sponsor a master's track meet

for runners over age 30. " Master's track will be the next big boom,"

predicted Lesnik. "Competing against just those in

your age group can be somewhat successful." Besides races, another advantage to membership is

the monthly newsletter mailed out. It includes health and training tips, club news and a fairly complete race

calendar, according to Lesnik. The idea of having a running club in Bozeman was

the brainchild of Frank Newman and Andy Blank ten

years ago. The men chose their unique name because "the Pryor Mountain wild horse herd, indigenous to

Montana, elicited an image of free spirit and physical

prowness due to running and were called the Wind Drinkers." The logo of the club is a horse.

In the original club charter these words appeared: .. It is not important how fast one runs, but that one

runs." Since that time, the group organized an additional

chapter on campus last winter. Membership in either chapter of the club is S2.50 per year for students, $5

per year for other individuals and $8 per year for

families. This fee includes the newsletter. According to Lesnik, Wind Drinkers "is a good

excuse to run at least one day per week." He said that

for beginners, the club offers a non-competitive atmosphere and for advanced runners, it offers the

race calendar, among other things . The group also

has a couple of social events each year, such as

picnics. To join, or for more information, either write to

P.O. Box 1766, Bozeman, or panicipate in the next

fun run, July 27, at Bozeman Cr<ek. On Aug. 3, a Sweet Pea time trial will be held at Universal Sports

and Courts.

IBSON'S Natural Fabrics & Wearables

13 S. Willson Downtowner Mall

586-1012

2121 WEST MAIN 9 - 9 WEEKDAYS 10 - 6 SUNDAY

EFFECTIVE THRU JULY 28

• . .

238 E. M_aln

ROSE'S LOUNGE

In The Bozeman Hotel

Jazz By

PLANET BE BOP Mon. -Wed.

~f'ST Si()~

~ .;;,~ A II - Summer Specials o Uf\/rp.'t c\;

Mon. - Schnapps - I Buclc 4 - 6 :30

Tue. - Kamikazes - I Buclc 4 -6:30

Wed. - Shot & Pop - I Buclc 4 -6:30

Thurs . - 2 for I - 1.25 4 - 6:30

Fri. - Quarter Beers

Sat.-Gin & Tonics - 1 Buck 12-5 Pitchers of Beer - 1.75 12-5

Sun.-Bloody Marys - 1 Buck - ALL DAY

Mint Julips - 1.50 - ALL DAY

PLUS: Quarter Beers EVERY Night

From S -6:00 Live Tunes Fri & Sat Night

8 EXPONENT

Inside Look

Photos above and clockwise: A youngster at Bogan Pool enjoys the water; Joe Hula and Kraig Bercier look for fuh in the Bozeman ponds,' Aaron Rietve/dfinds buried treasure at Kirk Park; sunbathers in front of the high school; on rube.five guys at Bozeman ponds; Boo Boo playsfe1eh: Jonarhon lAsser, Sean Sweet and Bjorn Holmquist (left to right )join friends at Kirk Park.

July 11, 1983

Water cool~

July 21, 1913

ly heat

EXPONiNT9

Bozeman Swim Center $1 child $2 adult

6:30-8 a.m. l-2:45p.m. 6-8:30 p .m.

Bogart Pool 75t child $1.50 adult

1-2:45 p.m. 3-4:45 p.m. 5-6:45 p.m.

MSU Pool Noon to 1 p.m. lap swim

6-8:30 p.m. free swim

J 0EXPONENT '

Travolta's flick drags By DA YE PETERMAN Enlutainmtnl Wrlttr

Stay int A livt (PG) I'm sure you know the feeling. The event you're forcing yourself to endure is non· ending. The slow,

painful misery continues aimlessly and you avoid looking at your watch. It only serves to remind you that the past three hours have only been fony-fivc minutes. When it finally ends an eternity later, you're left with a

hollow feeling; hardly a fair reward for what you've put up with. Perhaps this is a bit glorified, but it gets the point across. Stayin1 Allvt

is a horribly slow, uneventful, out-and-out boring movie. Before my antagonists strike me down, I will admit a couple good

points to the film. The first, and most noticeable, is the dancing. John

Travolta even docs an impressive job. but only because of good editing. All of his dance sequences arc series of quick shots spliced together, there­fore giving his performance a continuity that it probably dido' have orig­inally. While technically this is cheating, it was done well enough so it didn 't really matter.

Another thing director Sly Stallone did right was keep the Bee Gee's songs to a minimum. Boy, do they ever get annoying.

So much for being nice. Now for some complaints. Gripe number one concerns the pathetically bland plot. While on way

to super-stardom, boy bounces back and fonh between two girls. Boy becomes star and ends up in the arms of the "correct" girl. And don' stan whining that I just gave away the ending. If during any part of the movie

you thought it was going to end differently, you're dangerously gullible. Stallone's directing is passable, but he's overstepping his boundaries

with the Hitchcock-style cameo. We don' want to sec your mug that bad, Sylvester.

1 will admit. however, that 1 wasn't the least bit disappointed with Stay­

in1 A/iv.. 1 expected absolutely nothing, and got precisely that.

Lowery leaves for Humboldt Bette Lowery, professor and

head of the Dcpanmcnt of Health , Physical Education and Recreation at Montana State University, has resigned to take a position at Humboldt State University in Arcata, Calif., according to John Kohl, dean of the College of Education.

Ellen Kreighbaum. professor of physical education at MSU, has been named acting director of the depanment . She has been on the HPER staff at MSU for 18 years, serving as associate professor and assistant professor and women's athletic director. She was the recipient of the 1983 Wiley Award for Outstanding Research and has been involved in biomechanics research for several years. She received her Ph .D. from Washington State University in Pullman.

Lowery has been a member of the MSU staff for the past 15 years and served as depanmcnt head for the past two years. She will serve as Chair of the Division of Health and Physical Education at Humboldt State, which will include administrative duties over the dcpanmcnt as well as both the men's and women's athletics dcpanmcnt. Lowery is a native of Roundup and received her Ed.D. from the University of Montana and also attended Arizona State University and MSU.

0 Wc have entered into an era of greater visibility and academic professional achievement ," Lowery said of her years at MSU .

Kreighbaum said she hopes to

implemented by Lowery. including the Wellness and Health Improvement Center, movement science laboratory which includes biomcchanics and exercise physiology. the senior citizens exercise project and the dance company touring group. In addition she plans to continue to work in conjunction with the Depanments of Men's and Women's Athletics in the MSU coaching cenification.

"I appreciate the leadership Bette has given our depanment in the two years she has been head and I look forward to working with Ellen to continue the professional development of the depanment," Kohl said.

A national search to fill the position will be conducted in the near future .

TALKS But sometimes it needs a little help. Let the Exponent provide that help by advertising your product or service. For more details contact your Ad Representati~e at 994-2611.

~

.sa1aaBar ~ at Burger King~

Fill up a pita bread. /""' ~

'-'.

At the new Burger King alad Bar we've got 23 fix in ·s.

tasty toppings and Jelicious dressings. So you can pack a pita

or pile a platter any way you like. It's salad your way. At Burger King!

Buy one Salad in a Pita Bread, get another one Free! Just present this coupon before ordering. Limit one coupon per customer. Not to be used with other coupons or offers. \'oid ~ 9-:;~'?""'~ whe.re prohibited by Jaw. This offer BURGER •~ expires 7/29. Good only at parttc1- ...._,,._ ,.

paling Bur!(er King restaurants . KING I 1912 WEST MAIN BOZEMAN ~<!>

July 11, 1913

HUNGRY? Domino's Pizza.Delivers Free

II 586-5431 Bozeman

Hours: 4:30 p.m .-1 Sun.-Thurs. 4 30 p.m. -2 a.m. Fn. & Sat.

$2 off any 16" pizza with 2 or more items.

Fast, Free Dellvery

2020 W. Babcock Phone: 586-5431

One coupon per pizza. Onvers carry less than $20. Limited delivery area.

Coupon expires: 7131183

The Loft Theatre, in conjunction with the MSU Department of

Theatre Arts present

THE MUSIC MAN Director G. B. Roe

July 21-24, 28-31 STRAND UNION THEATRE

8 p.m.

Call 994-3904 for reservations

A Centennial Celebration

EXPONENT 11

Pace accepts research position By KEJllN DOLAN News Editor

Regent Mary Pace of Bozeman has accepted a ten-month appointment as a research assistant for the College of Education.

The position, which will have a maximum time limit of ten months, started on July 11. Pace will be directly responsible to Dean of Education John Kohl and Wil­liam Johnstone, Professor of Higher Education and former act­ing president of MSU and Eastern Montana College.

During her appointment, Pace said she wiU be reviewing various repons that have been done in the past and other repons that have come out in response to the .. Nation at Risk" report .

She said she will try to "make sense of all the reports" and look at how the College of Education could respond to them and take a proper leadership role in their implementation . She also noted that she will only be doing research and any policy decisions coming out of the research will have to go through Kohl.

In a letter to the Board of Regents, Pace said some specific areas that she will be working on arc articulation between sc:condary schools and the university system, clarification of the nature and extent of .. remedial" courses cur­rently available at MS U and invol­vement in the on-going effort to improve teacher training at MSU .

!'ace said she will also work on appropriate involvemem in the implementation of various guide­lines and policies that result from activities of the various state edu­cational boards and the Office of Public Instruction.

Pace, who has been a regent since the board was created in 1973 thinks conflict of interest will "never be an issue ... If the job was a permanent one, Pace said she could forsee a conflict, but with

this position, .. time and the salary and everything else is frozen."

Pace will receive a monthly salary of $2000 for the position, which ~he says is "considerably less" than what she would make if she returned to her teaching posi­tion . Pace, who has been an Eng­lish teacher at Bozeman schools for several years, said she does not plan to return to teaching.

MSU President William Tietz said he could forsee no conflict of

Regent Mory Pace

interest and noted that Pace is "qualified for what she's going to do."

Tietz also noted that Pace's posi­tion will be "working as much for the (university) system as it will for MSU."

The combination of Johnstone and Pace is "ideal," added Tietz, noting that Johnstont has years of experience in both the university system and the secondary school system.

ASMSU Summer Programming presents a jazz quartet in a coffeehouse performance.

Thursday July 21 free admission

8:00 p.m. North Hedges lobby

12EXPONENT

Water, wheel and wool art shown By MICHELLE WING

Editor The new art show at the Museum of the Rockies

combines imagery and reality.

" Water, Wheel and Wool" is a tri-media

presentation featuring the works of Geri Ward. Jean

Harkin and Jeanne Batson. Ward is a painter. Harkin

a potter and Batson a weaver.

The show, which opened earlier this week,

intermixes all three artforms, displaying them as one

exhibit. The pieces work effectively bursting with

innovative together as a combined show.

Ward's watercolors are playful uses of colors. The

majority and of her subjects are animals. from fish to

cats to seagulls. In some paintings she uses soft .

subdued colors, lake greens and blues, creating a

dream-like quality. The detail of each subject is

covered with wide arcs of color.

"The Bird Watcher" captures a cat inside the frame.

with small birds painted on the mat surrounding it. In

"Run, Rabbit , Run," the face , ta il and feet of the

animal are sharply defined, but the blue and the

brown splashes of paint across it capture the speed

and the fear. "Into the Deep" is a series of five small paintings

descending diagonally down a mat, drawing the

viewer to the bottom of the pond .

Ward experiments with brighter colors with some

of her bird paintings. In both .. Parrots" and "Toucan

Tango," brilliant reds, yellows and purples arc draped

over the birds' portraits. Her painting of a gray pony

is brought to life with an exciting spray of orange for

his blanket . Batson's loom work is often two-fold . serving both

an artistic and a practical function. She has on

display several articles of clothing, such as a Little

Kittel Jacket and two Bethlehem jackets. The coats

are rather coarse. using interesting combinations of

hues. The Kittel jacket is beige with purple and peach

stripes running through it. A wool hand-stitched basket and a couple of coin

purses arc also products of Batson's hands. They arc

sturdy yet pleasing to the eye.

On a more delicate strain, the weaver has reated

several floral tapestries, featuring sweet peas. poppies,

peach blossoms and Black-Eyed Susans. They arc

constructed of light color shades and finer material,

for an exquisite appearance.

Harkin 's pottery runs the gamut, from bowls and

pill boxes to mugs and platters. All the work is glazed

and fairly smooth. The art holds designs of both color

and texture. Several white and creme pieces demand

special attention . Overall, the show works well together, with wheel,

water and wool complimenting each other nicely.

Top: "Frogs" by Geri Ward; bottom: pots by Jean Harlin. (Staff photos by Tom Lov.c)

Hartman Blasts Off

Great Savings

July 21, 1983

Mock el For Savings

And More

Dress Shirts, Lon& & Short Sleeves• Sports Shirts. Flannel Knit,

Woven, long & Short Sleeves• Summer London Fo& Jackets•

Cotton Sweaters • Select Group Florsheim & Dexter Shoes 1/2

price • LS. Ru&by Shirts • Casual Shorts• l Rack Cloth Belts,

$1.00 • Neckties, $4.50 • Many More In Store Barpins

All sales final-sorry. no instore charges-alterations e'tra

Let the trumpets blow aria the

bells nng ou the giod t101ngs

Wondering hOw o stu your soc~ ng this

year? Fret no more' The 1984 MONTANAN and

1nf1n1ty magazine ore look1nQ or a comb1ned­

pos1tion secretory The position involves some

typing fr 1ng bookkeeping nd typese 1ng

There is a combined s 1pend and on

opponun1ty for IM'.lr1< s udy

lnteres ed and acceptable oppl cants will

be trorneo 1n some o' he above areas •

necessary "'he 1ob may involve so e weekends and

long hOurs ,t def1n1te.y rnvolves "eird but

1nrerest1ng people

Co I John Dege1 994-3111 or stop tJ.{ Room

30' SUB for ore ntorrnot °" ono oop co• Yl torrns

July 21, 1983

-..,. "' ~ "' .,.,

,... ..,. "' ~ "' .,.,

STOP in at Bozeman's Finest entertainment center and enjoy

THE TALK

"Hot Rock at its Finest"

TUESDAY

Molly's Specials

"' 00 _, t.o ... ::

"' 00 _, t.o ... -

"' 00 _, t.o ... -.,, :i:i rn

L-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--rn IU>z-L8S' AH3/\1130 33H.:I IU>Z-L8S AH3i\1130 33H.:I 1ti'Z-L8S' AH3/\1130 33H.:I ni.z-L8S'

EXPONENT13

Three bands reviewed By PAUL HESTER Reviewer

If Bozeman had a Fairy Godmother, it doesn't any more. Why? Well, she must have broken her little stick (alias a magic wand) getting some good music into town. Somehow or other, we ended up with three excel­lent bands this weekend. So, get out and enjoy.

On the more mellow side this weekend , you can go to the Sundance Saloon and catch the sounds of Rumor Has It. Rumor Has It tends to play the mellower side of rock, with music by artists such as: The Eagles, Styx, Tom Petty, and many others.

Musically the band is very good and they play a lot of nice dancing music. The band also has another plus, they play soft enough for you to be able to talk. All in all, Rumor Has It is a very worthwhile band.

For you heavy metal fanatics, The Molly Brown has a Missoula band called Prophecy. Prophecy lives by the saying "Rock your socks off." The band is superb musically, using a traditional blend of musicians to obtain a very full sound. I am curious though: How come they don't play more double leads since they have two lead players? No matter. This band is definitt"ly hot and they are ready to rock Bozeman into the ground.

The Cat's Paw's offering this week is a San Diego area band called Crystal. Crystal fills the gap in rock styles left by the other two bands. playing the newer, harder side of co mmercial rock. The band has an excel­lent repertoire of well-chosen and well-played rock music. The) also have the best stage show in town. However, they tend to rely on stage effects and the band gets really static at times . Crystal is definitely worth taking in and I strongly recommend you do so.

Have a Good Weekend!

Changeover causes confusion By KEVIN DOLAN N~K'sEditor

The changeover to the new phone system has created some confusion all over campus. but according to MSU Telephone Manager Pat Simmon5 the problems aren't that bad considering the magnitude of the changeover.

Simmons said out of over 4000 phones installed 1 there \\3S onl) problems with 30 to 40 phones. She said most of those problems stemmed from not getting the wiring done before the July 15 changeover and from the fact that some "people were forgotten about completel}" when departments made orders for new phones.

The major problem of the changeover, Simmons said. is incorrect use of the new phone features , noting that some people didn't go to the training session for

which they were scheduled and that some departments didn't remember what features they ordered. She alsv said there were problems with some features not operating properly.-

Duplicate phone numbers were issued before the changeover because Centel didn't get the new numbt:rs into the computer immediately, Simmons added, but mo'1 of the problems from that mix-up were solved before the actual changeover took place.

There are still some software problems with the system, Simmons noted, such as a fe\\ remaining duplicates and some numbers are ringing in the wrong places. Centel can easily fix those problems, she said, and they are getting to them as soon as thGy can after they're not ified of 1he problem.

T1clr.cts ma) be purchased at The Great Ou:d oon; Bndgcr Bowl Patrol

14EXPONENT

Fi rt brokt out in a rhtmical wastt srorage quonse1 hu1 on Friday, June 24, causing MS U to call m an outside contractor to

cleanup tht remammg chem1cal debris. (Staff photo by Ke,•m Dolan)

CANADIAN ROCKIES CAMPING

SAT. - SUN., AUG. 20 - 28

BANFF, JASPER, WATERTON LAKES

GLACIER, MT. REVELS TOKE

KOOTENAY, YOHO

NATIONAL PARKS

COST: $100 INCLUDES TRANSPORTION

PARK E NT~ANCE & CAMPING FEES

TENT, SLEEPING BAG, PAD, BACKPACK

.OTHER GROUP EQUIPMENT

LI MIT: 12

OPEN TO MSU & PUBLIC

SIGN UP DEADLINE: FRI.. AUG. 12

ASMSU OUTDOOR RECREATION: 994-3621

July 21, 1983

MSU arranges for cleanup of fire debris

MSU arranged last Friday for Roloff said EES personnel will the Environmental Emergency arrive on campus early next week. Services Company of Portland. They may spend up to two weeks Ore .. to initiate on-site preparatory conducting a detailed sampling of work for the cleanup of debris building contents. fire debris and resulting from a recent quonset the adjacent site. all m stnct building fire . accordance with Environmental

The quonset contained waste Protection Agency guidelines. materials from research and From this data they11 prepare an teachi ng activities in the chemistry. analysis and recommendation for engineering, and agricultural final dcanup procedures . departments. Based upon EEs·s

Craig Roloff, Msu·s acting recommendation and a review by director of administ rative services, the State Solid Waste Management said EES is a nationally-recognized Bureau. MSU will then issue a fi rm specia lizing in the cleanup of contract for the actual cleanup of oil spills, chemical waste and debris, Roloff said hazardous material.

PLAN AHEAD

THE EXPONENT IS OFFERING FALL QUARTER JOB OPPORTUNITIES

Positions: Typesetter

----•60 wpm and accurate typist •Flexible schedule required

•15 - 20 hr./wk

Entertainment Editor - •compete-nt writer

•Supervise 3 - 4 writers •layout once a week

Ad Sales •Business/Sales experience •Flexible schedule required

Ad Layout -"-------

•Graphic Design experience •layout 2 -3 days a week

Asst. Business Manager

• ccounting knowledge •Payroll

Apply now at the Exponent Office, Room 312, SUB. Phone 994-2611

July 21, 1983

For AJI Your Printing

or

Copying Needs

See Us nrstl

Two Con11enl~nt Loe.a dons

29 South Tr.uy OOK to rost Offt<~

586-7007

University Sq. Nrxt to ' • ) N S..~

587-5496

lnsty­Prlnts

Classifieds Note: Exponent poUcy requ.lres alJ clauifled ads to carry the names of

authon on the ortcJnal blue forms alon1 with 1ubmiulon or some form of posfdve Identification when they ue preunted to the business office. AnonymJty wUI be maintained unless

pubUaitlon of name(1) Is desired. Students, faculty, and any other persons will be liable for what ls

published re1ardless of intent, direction of statement, or personal belief. Release of name(s) will take place when and only when lecat punitin action is to be taken by an outside party.

ONTANA PURE

approved

deep spring

"Doorstep Delivery"

587·7091

PERSONALS

Cruce 01ys Savi np at the Foxy Lady Saturday July

2l on the: sircct and upper level storewidc: uvinp,

Comer Main .t: Willson.

Hey Bucko, let's roll 1n 1hc Jrul 1111n 1on1gh1-by

moonlisht!

Dr Dave, It's a &ood th1n1 we don't. collect plcclaes

The world isn't. nch enouah Rahda and LOP

Kenh-1 hope you un thmk of something dtt to do

01hcr than MPlay.M B.B

Stuart & Dan - Hey' If you're goma 10 do1omethmg.

do 1t ~OW so I have a chance to get Back Dr Da\·e

Herman. I think 11'1 about lime you 5.a) something

You arc so quiet mOll of the tune~!

238 E. Main

CRAZY DAZE SHOE SALE

SA VE 40% to 80% EGBERT'S BOOTS & SHOES

SLASHES PRICES LIKE NEVER BEFORE SATURDAY, JULY 23rd ONLY!

WOMEN'S:

·55, 510, 520 MEN'S

Sandals, Clogs, Sneakers, Dress Shoes, Sport Shoes, Boots, and much more.

510, 515, 525 Dress Shoes, Sneakers, Sandals, Work Boots, Casuals, and lots more.

CHILDREN'S 510, 515 Sneakers, Clogs, Casual Shoes, Sanda!s

SHOP EARLY AND SAVE $$$$

DOWNTOWN BOZEMAN FREE PARKING

.Hours: Mon .-Sat ., 9:00-5:30

Close. 'Rahda. how doct that 1ayin1 10?

Holy Rackafratz!!

' Rahda. 10 boardt 1n bed an:n'l fun?

WANTED

Wanted· Window au<ond1uoncr. Must u1e 110 AC.

plug Call 586-8912.

Wanted Luggage camcr to fit full-tii:cd Jedan Call

586-8972

FOR SALE

EXPONENT 15

lb.SS Kirkwood, 14x12 addiuon uceUent cond111on.

wc.a1hcn:.cd, ll8"'46S6 or S86-6ln.

Gan.ae Sale Wuher $50 Baby clothes newborn to l

ycan, yarn, matcnal, car tcau, m11e. Fnday 5 • 9,

Saturday 9 • 9, 225 North Broadway, July 29th, lOlb.

for Sale 1972 Pon111c Wason Runs perfect S500 00

586-1998 ~cn1ns1. new tires

TUTORING

S1mphficd math tutonn1. C.11 Oby. 586-0806

SERVICES

I• CU. FT Whirlpool Rcgng·freucr I-yr_ old. 4-yr BOW'S COMPLETE AUTO PAl'l;TING, Most cars

warn.nty. SlSO 586-24') $249.95. p1c\.usn $299 95, u.mc color Top quah1y

wor\.guarantecd Opcn7am-7pm?daysawec\. 109

Cheveud Sa!c 1 Ca1P 586-27321 "low' Deal! \\ ow' South B St .. L1v1npton, Call 222-2222 anyume1

Jazz workshop scheduled The Department of Music at

MSU will host a vocal jazz and choreography workshop July 24-29.

The workshop will feature John Rutter, one of the country's foremost composers of choral music. In addition, nationally known clinicians / composers Gene and Audrey Grier, Dan Schwartz and Scott Fredrickson and MSU's

WE'VE GONE CRAZY

July 23

The Athlete's Foot takes to the street!

Weve got so many bargains on shoes from the top manu­facturers. we can·1 keep them all ins1de1

So come find great buys nght now on athletic shoes for your sport no matter what ii IS

Nobody knows the athle1e·s foot like

TheAlhlete's ~®

1011 Wat College Street Bozeman, JllT 59115

9 • 6 Mon - Sat (406) 586-1563

Ro b Cutietta will also be featured. Accompanist for the workshop will be Na ncy Wilson, a sixth grade music teacher in Bozeman.

The workshop will culminate in a concert of the composers' music Frida), July 29. The concert will be prosen ied by workshop panici?ants and public school music teachers representing seven stati:~.

For 'llore information. contact Cutietta. MSU music department. 994-3561.

Theatre Operators Inc. 24 - HR. Movie Info. 586-9505 or 586.9506

{)cropLJ5 . ST/IRLITE 1

~ DRoVEIN

Gates open 9:00 James Bond's

\cuon H1ah! Go lor IL.Again

Shows Al WALT DISNEY'S

1:30 7:15 8.Jtoul~ I J anddw-~ ~

CINEMA r----- 9:15 Only

DAN AYKAOYO EDDIE MUAPHl"

TJ\ADlNC PLACES l!ll 4 PARAl•IOUN•, PICTURE

CINEMA

Shows Al 7:00 & 9:00

SUN. Early Show 5:00

ELLEN

July 21, 1983

UNION M~RKE:T Effective July 20, 1983, Union Market (otherwise known as the SUB cafete­ria) will observe the foilowing hours:

Monday-Thursday: 6: 30 am -6: 00 pm Friday: 6: 30 am - 5: 00 pm

*Bring this ad to any Union Market cashier and get a small soft cone for only 15¢

UNION M~RKE:T in the Strand Union

EXCLUSIVE

FROM BLOOM COUNTY­AMERICA'S

HOTTEST CARTOON STRIP

The wo rld of Opus and Friends appears for the first time

on T-Shirts and in a book

coon\Y l-Shir\ lJ\oom unty 1ersey B\oom Co i n. t

fu\\-co\or de g Bloom County Book

Single Copy 5.95

This offer brought to you by:

Exponent CLIP AND SEND WITH O RDER

8.9S

r----------------------------, I S M L XL

I Bloom County T-Shi" 0 0 0 0 6.9Sea.

Bloom Countv Jersey D D D D 9.9:'.iea.

Pe nguin l ust T-Sh1r1 D D D D 8.9Sea

Pengu rn Lust Jersev D D D D 9.95ea

Bloom County Book D D D D S.95ea

Tora! __

plu'i s·1 _oo pN 11em HH po,t.i~l' J11d handl1tl!-{ I Grand Total I

I

N'"'' I Opus-T I 544b High\\ a\ :!90 \Ve!'I Meire~~ J Su ite 301 Oh SW!' Zip I Austin. Texas 78:-'35 Pk-~ ... , "'4-~ ..... ·~~" .:. '""" I

~----------------------------~