survey of biochemistry enzyme kinetics and inhibition
DESCRIPTION
SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition. k. v =A P. Rates of Chemical Reactions. Enzyme kinetics is the study of rates of reactions catalyzed by enyzmes. The rxn rate (velocity, v) can be described in several ways: [1] disappearance of reactant, A - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition
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Rates of Chemical Reactions
Enzyme kinetics is the study of rates of reactions catalyzedby enyzmes.
v = A Pk
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v =−d[A]
dt=d[P]
dt
The rxn rate (velocity, v) can be described in several ways:[1] disappearance of reactant, A[2] appearance of product, P
These eqn’s relate velocity to concentration of reactants and products.
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Rate Laws
Enzyme kinetics is the study of rates of reactions catalyzedby enyzmes.
v = A Pk
€
v =−d[A]
dt=d[P]
dt
A rate law is an equation describing the velocity of achemical reaction.
Differential Rate LawsIntegrated Rate Laws
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Differential Rate Laws
• Differential rate laws correspond to order of the reaction.
Order of Reaction Rate Law0 v = k
1 v = k [A]
2 v = k [A]2 or k[B]2 orv = k [A] x [B]
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Integrated Rate Laws:First Order
• Integrated rate laws express the rxn velocity in terms of time.
Rate of Disappearance
of A
- d[A]
dt= k [A] first order rxn
Rearranging…d[A]
[A]= - k dt
A products
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Integrated Rate Laws:First Order
Rearranging…d[A]
[A]= - k dt
Integrate onboth sides
of eqn:
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∫[A]0
[A]t
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1
[A]dA =
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∫- k dt
(ln [A]t + constant) - (ln [A]0 + constant) = - kt
ln [A]t - ln [A]0 = - kt
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Integrated Rate Laws:First Order
ln [A]t - ln [A]0 = - kt ln [A] = ln [A]0 - kt
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Integrated Rate Law:Other Versions of First Order
ln [A]t - ln [A]0 = - kt
Rearranging: ln [A]t
[A]0
= - kt
Take exponentof both sides:
[A]t
[A]0
= e -kt
[A]t = [A]0 e -kt first order rxn
first order rxn
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Integrated Rate Law: Second Order
• How does the integrated rate law change if the order of the reaction is second order?
2A products
Rate of Disappearance
of A
- d[A]
dt= k [A]2 second order rxn
Rearranging…d[A]
[A]2= - k dt
Show result on
board
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Michaelis-Menten Equation
Many enzymes obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics behavior:
E + S ES E + Pk1
k-1
k2
Rate limiting step
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v =d[P]
dt= k 2[ES]
Problem:[ES] is difficult to measure!
What can we do?
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Michaelis-Menten Equation
E + S ES E + Pk1
k-1
k2
I. Assume equilibrium is maintained in 1st stepII. Assume “steady state”
k1 [E] [S] - k-1 [ES] - k2 [ES] = 0
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d[ES]
dt=
Depletion of ESFormation of ES
See notes on board…
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v =d[P]
dt= k 2[ES]Recall
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Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
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v =V max[S]
Km +[S]
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Lineweaver-Burk Plot
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Enzyme Inhibition
• What is an inhibitor?
• Modes of Inhibition– Competitive
binds to same site in E as S– Uncompetitive– Noncompetitive– Mixed
bind to different site in E than S
Note: Text does not distinguish “non” and “mixed”
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Competitive Inhibition
• Competitive inhibitors bind to the same site on E as S
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Competitive Inhibition
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Competitive Inhibition
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Uncompetitive Inhibition
Uncompetitive inhibitors bind directly to the ES complex but not to the
free enzyme
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Uncompetitive Inhibition
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Mixed Inhibition
Mixed inhibitors can bind to E or ES complex
S cannot bind if I is already bound!
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Mixed Inhibition
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Noncompetitive Inhibition
Noncompetitive inhibitors can bind to E
or ES complex
S can bind even if I is already bound!
+ I
See board for plot
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Updates and Reminders
• Exam #2 in two weeks (June 26)– Chapter 7: Protein Function– Chapter 11: Enzyme Catalysis– Chapter 12: Kinetics & Inhibition– Chapter 8: Carbohydrates– Chapter 14: Introduction to Metabolism
• Suggested HW problems online this weekend
• Resources: What You Should Know more coming soon