survey of mobile phone

7/29/2019 Survey of Mobile Phone

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AKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have great pleasure in presenting my project entitled Mobile

Phones. I take this an opportunity to express my deepest gratitude &

ineptness to all those who contributed indirectly their valuable time &

assisted me in my project.

I would like to thank my project guides, all the faculty

members. For this approval & also for her valuable guidance &

support in completing my project of Survey of Mobile Phones.


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CONTENTS

S.No. Particulars

1 Introduction about the project

2 Review of Literature

3 History of the Companies

4 Objectives

5 Research Methodology

6 Analysis and Interpretation

7 Findings

8 Limitations

9 Recommendations

10 Annexure

11 Bibliography


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INTRODUCTION OF MOBILE PHONE

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone)

is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while

moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular

network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public

telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short

range of a single, private base station.

In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of

otherservices such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range

wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and

photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing

capabilities are referred to as smart phones.

The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Dr

Martin CooperofMotorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds

(1 kg). In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available.

From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4

million to over 6 billion, penetrating about 87% of the global population and

reaching thebottom of the economic pyramid.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_callhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Link_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordless_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_callhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Link_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordless_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramid


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HISTORY

InventorCharles E. Alden claimed, in the 29 April 1906 issue of the New York

World, to have invented a device called the vest pocket telephone" although

Alden never had the chance to produce this device in large quantities.

The first mobile telephone calls were made from cars in 1946. Bell System's

Mobile Telephone Service was made on 17 June in St. Louis, Missouri, followed

by Illinois Bell Telephone Company's car radiotelephone service in Chicago on 2

October. The MTA phones were composed ofvacuum tubes and relays, and

weighed over 80 pounds (36 kg). There were initially only 3 channels for all the

users in the metropolitan area, increasing later to 32 channels across 3 bands. This

service continued into the 1980s in large portions of North America. Due to the

small number of radio frequencies available, the service quickly reached capacity.

In 1956, the worlds first partly automatic car phone system, Mobile System A

(MTA), was introduced in Sweden.

John F. Mitchell, Motorola's chief of portable communication products in 1973,

played a key role in advancing the development of handheld mobile telephone

equipment. Mitchell successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless

communication products that would be small enough to use anywhere and

participated in the design of the cellular phone. Martin Cooper, a Motorola

researcher and executive, was the key researcher on Mitchell's team that

developed the first hand-held mobile telephone for use on a cellular network.

Using a somewhat heavy portable handset, Cooper made the first call on a

handheld mobile phone on 3 April 1973 to his rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell

Labs.

By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be

overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications like streaming

media. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4th-generation

technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Aldenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Bell_Telephone_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_S._Engelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Aldenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Bell_Telephone_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_S._Engelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs


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3G technologies. The first two commercially available technologies billed as 4G

were the WiMAX standard (offered in the U.S. by Sprint) and the LTE standard,

first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.

FEATURES

All mobile phones have a number of features in common, but manufacturers also

try to differentiate their own products by implementing additional functions to

make them more attractive to consumers. This has led to great innovation in

mobile phone development over the past 20 years.

The common components found on all phones are:

A battery, providing the power source for the phone functions.

An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most

common input mechanism is a keypad, buttouch screens are also found in

some high-end smartphones.

Basic mobile phone services to allow users to make calls and send text

messages.

All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped

among devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card called a R-

UIM.

Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some satellite phone devices are

uniquely identified by an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)

number.

Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as feature phones, and offer basic

telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of

native software applications became known as smartphones.

Several phone series have been introduced to address a given market segment,

such as the RIM BlackBerry focusing on enterprise/corporate customer email

needs; the SonyEricsson Walkman series of musicphones and Cybershot series of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeliaSonerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keypadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_screenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_screenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeliaSonerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keypadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_screenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry


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cameraphones; theNokia Nseries of multimedia phones, thePalm Pre the HTC

Dream and the Apple iPhone.

Text messaging

The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text

messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile

phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to

phone was sent in Finland in 1993.

The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in2000, and subsequently many organizations provided "on-demand" and "instant"

news services by SMS.

SIM card

GSM feature phones require a small microchip called a Subscriber Identity

Module orSIM Card, to function. The SIM card is approximately the size of a

small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the

unit. The SIM securely stores the service-subscriber key (IMSI) and the Ki used to

identify and authenticate the user of the mobile phone. The SIM card allows users

to change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and

inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device.

The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich smart card makerGiesecke &Devrient for the Finnish wireless network operatorRadiolinja.

Multi-card hybrid phones

A hybrid mobile phone can hold up to four SIM cards. SIM and RUIM cards may

be mixed together to allow bothGSM and CDMAnetworks to be accessed.

From 2010 onwards they became popular in India and Indonesia and other

emerging markets, attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest on-net calling rate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_Nserieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_Nserieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Prehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Prehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_Dreamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_Dreamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_Cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_Cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Subscriber_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication_Center#Authentication_centre_.28AuC.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication_Center#Authentication_centre_.28AuC.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolinjahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolinjahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_Nserieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Prehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_Dreamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_Dreamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_Cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Subscriber_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication_Center#Authentication_centre_.28AuC.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolinjahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA


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In Q3 2011,Nokia shipped 18 million of its low cost dual SIM phone range in an

attempt to make up lost ground in the higher end smartphone market.

Kosher phones

There are Jewish orthodox religious restrictions which standard mobile telephones

do not meet. To fulfill this demand, phones without Internet access, text

messaging or cameras are required. These restricted phones are known as kosher

phones and haverabbinical approval for use in Israel and elsewhere by observant

Orthodox Jews. Some are even approved for use by essential workers (such as

health, security and public services) on the sabbath, even though use of any

electrical device is restricted.

Although these phones are intended to prevent immodesty, some vendors report

good sales to adults who prefer the simplicity of the devices.

USE OF MOBILE PHONES

Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with

family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the

event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different

purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be

used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plansa particular plan

might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or

roaming. The mobile phone has also been used in a variety of diverse contexts in

society, for example:

A study by Motorola found that one in ten cell phone subscribers have a

second phone that often is kept secret from other family members. These

phones may be used to engage in activities including extramarital affairs

or clandestine business dealings.

Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing

mobile phones for use in emergencies. They are often refurbished phones.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Israel#Kosher_numbershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Jewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immodesty#Jewish_modestyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immodesty#Jewish_modestyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Israel#Kosher_numbershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Jewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immodesty#Jewish_modestyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola


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The advent of widespread text messaging has resulted in the cell phone

novel; the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age via text

messaging to a website that collects the novels as a whole.

Mobile telephony also facilitates activism and public journalism being

explored byReutersand Yahoo! and small independent news companies

such as Jasmine New in Sri Lanka.

The United Nations reported that mobile phones have spread faster than

any other technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people

in developing countries by providing access to information in places

where landlines or the Internet are not available, especially in the least

developed countries. Use of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-

enterprises, by providing work, such as selling airtime on the streets and

repairing or refurbishing handsets.

In Mali and other African countries, people used to travel from village to

village to let friends and relatives know about weddings, births and other

events, which are now avoided within mobile phone coverage areas, which

is usually greater than land line penetration.

The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV

viewing through mobile apps, advertising, social tv, and mobile TV.[44]

86% of Americans use their mobile phone while watching TV.

In parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. It is prevalent in

urban India, as families and groups of friends often share one or more

mobiles among their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but

often familial customs and traditional gender roles play a part. It is

common for a village to have access to only one mobile phone, perhaps

owned by a teacher or missionary, but available to all members of the

village for necessary calls.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone_novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone_novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_developed_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_developed_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_tvhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone#cite_note-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone#cite_note-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone_novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone_novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_developed_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_developed_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_tvhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone#cite_note-44


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Mobile banking and payments

In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide mobile banking services,

which may include the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text

message. Kenya's M-PESA mobile banking service, for example, allows

customers of the mobile phone operator Safaricom to hold cash balances which

are recorded on their SIM cards. Cash may be deposited or withdrawn from M-

PESA accounts at Safaricom retail outlets located throughout the country, and

may be transferred electronically from person to person as well as used to pay

bills to companies.

Branchless banking has also been successful in South Africa and Philippines. A

pilot project in Bali was launched in 2011 by the International Finance

Corporation and an IndonesianbankBank Mandiri.

Some mobile phone can make mobile payments via direct mobile billing schemes

or through contactless payments if the phone andpoint of sale support near field

communication (NFC). This requires the co-operation of manufacturers, network

operators and retail merchants to enable contactless payments through NFC-

equipped mobile phones.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-PESAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchless_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Finance_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Finance_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Mandirihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-PESAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchless_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Finance_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Finance_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Mandirihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication


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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CELL PHONE

Has it happened to you that sometimes you go out but forgot your cell phone at

home and so youre not feeling complete. Theres a feeling somewhere inside that

youre missing something, a sense of insecurity sometimes prevails welcome to

the world of cell phone addiction!

Cell phones are having a great influence in our live and are very convenient to

keep with us. Cell phones are a faster and more effective way to transfer

information. Indeed, it is a resource that gives its users great advantages.

They say, if something is of great utility (usage, etc), it will surely have its

own problems as well; cell phones are no exception.

In earlier times cell-phone used to be a craze, symbol of money and success

but nowadays even kids find it a neccessity of life.

I would want to list some quick good and bad things about a typical cellphone. The list is not typical to any phone, just a generalization.

Advantages:

The more you talk, the more you know how to talk and the better

your communication skills become. This is applicable if youre a sensible

person and keep note of your interacting habits over the phone. It can be acommunication tutorial!

Nothing more than a cell phone comes to great help in emergency. You

are driving by the freeway and the vehicle jams and cell phone comes to

your rescue. You are stuck in a lone place, again call somebody and ask

for directions.

Parents can be a little less worried about their kids by being in constant

touch with them.
http://blog.rraina.com/general-life/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cell-phone/http://blog.rraina.com/general-life/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cell-phone/


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If youre a net-savvy, you can have Internet handy all the time and

anywhere the signal of your cell phone provider can reach.

Trendy and stylish cell phones can be used as a bait to receive attention. It

can be part of fashion and styling.

From the industy and economy point of view, cell phone companies

(communication industry) is florishing with market capital in billions. This

is a good thing for the economy to be smooth and healthy.

Dis-advantages:

Some people (especially teens) get so much addicted to cell phones for

talking, video, messaging, games, etc that they forget the real purpose

of the phone and waste large part of their time in unnecessary interaction

over their cell phones.

Nothing more can be a distraction for a teached in the classroom, when a

students phone rings. Cell phones are increasingly becoming a problem

for the schools during classroom hours and are becoming a means ofcheating during examinations and other kinds of ability tests. All this is

really bad and does hurt the future of the student, who doesnt realize that

he/she is him/her-self responsible for it.

Health of those living in the vicinity of cell phone towers is becoming a

growing concern. Towers result into an area with concrete development

along with destruction of natural features (vegetation etc) around the

place. The towers also emit strong electromagnetic signals, which can be

health hazard for those living nearby and who are getting exposed to

strong radiations continuously during a good span of their lives.


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DATA COLLECTION METHODS:

In order to complete the research of the project successfully, certain

information related to the problem considered in the project is very much

necessary and that important data is collected is used for further analysis.

Primary source of data and secondary source of data are the two ways for

collecting the necessary data for the project. The detail explanation of the

primary source of data and secondary source of data is given below:

Primary source of data:

In this project, semi structured interviews are conducted for with various

participants for collecting the primary source of data. Questioners an interview

protocol is are prepared by the researchers in order to conduct the semi

structured interviews. The (Eleven managers have been interviewed, namely

the operational manager, two area managers, three general managers, three

assistant managers and two supervisors from different departments. this is

what you say in 3.5 you need to be consistent!!! Also please revise and correct

the total no of respondents #: is it 45 as under 3.5 or is it 50 as in 3.6?)

research problem considered and the relevant solution for that problem can be

obtained from the primary source of data.

Secondary source of data:

The core information data collected of the project can be better understood by

the in relation to secondary sources of data. Various sources like the internet

and intranet websites of the AMT COFFEE LTD as well as journals,

published articles, informal discussions and websites are studied in order to

collect the secondary sources of data and these sources are also called as the

secondary sources.


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Objectives of the Study

The research done with the basic objective is to know the preference of the

people towards different brands of mobile phones.

OBJECTIVES

To study and analyses the consumer perception regarding mobile phones.

To determine the most preferred brand of mobile phone among consumers.

To study the reasons for preferring particular brand of mobile phones.

To study the difficulties face by the consumer.

To study the awareness about the product.

To study the level of satisfaction of the product among the consumers.

To test the hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables

To determine the frequency with which something occurs..


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research refers to the systematic method consisting of defining the problem,

forming the hypothesis, collecting the facts and reaching certain conclusion in the

form of solution towards concerned problems.

Research Methodology may be understood as a science of studying how

research is done scientifically. In this we study various steps that are taken up by

the researcher in his research problem along with the logic behind them. It has the

wider scope as compared to research methods that is we also considered the logic

behind the methods we used in the research study and explain why we are using a

particular method and we are not using the other.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is a framework or a blue print for conducting the research

project. It gives details of the procedure necessary to for obtaining the

information needed to solve the research problem in hand. In this way a research

design lays the foundation for conducting a research product. It involves the

following tasks:

Defining the information needed.

Designing the exploratory, descriptive and casual phases of research.

Specify the measurement and scaling procedures.

Constructing and pretesting the questionnaire.


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Specifying the sampling process and sample design as well as size.

SCOPE / IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

1. Research promotes scientific and logical thinking and facilitates development

of habit of logical thinking among individuals and organizations.

2. Role of researcher in business has increased in modern times. Due to complex

nature of modern time business and increasing inter relationship in the

economy as a whole. Hence, research has assumed the added significance.

3. It facilitates the development of individual, organization and country wide

policies and plans.

4. It helps in decision making and facilitates efficient and effective allocation of

limited resources.

5. It provides basis for nearly all government policies in our economy system.

6. It is equally important for social scientist in studying social relationship and

seeking answers to various social problems.

7. Research is very important to study the behavior which requires special skills

and tolls to study the relationship in the context of behavior.


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DATA COLLECTION

There are two sorts of data available:

Primary Data

Secondary Data

PRIMARY DATA

Primary data are the data collected to solve a problem or take advantage of any

opportunities on which a decision is depending. These data are basically observed

and recorded by the researcher for the first time.

SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data are those which are not originally collected by the investigator

himself but are obtained from any published or unpublished source already

existing. Secondary data are those which are already in existence and which have

been collected for some other purpose than the answering of the question in hand.


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METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD:

Questionnaire is formal set of questions for obtaining information from the

respondents. It is a formal and structured technique for data collection that

consists of series of questions in it. If one wants to know that why people

purchase a particular product. The natural procedure is to ask them. Thus

questionnaire method has to be widely used.

We apply Questionnaire Method for data collection.

SAMPLE SIZE The sample size is of 20 sample.


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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1Q. Do you own a mobile phone?

Interpretation

The survey revealed that 100% of the people have the Mobile Phones where0% people do not have any mobile phone.

Out of 100 Samples No. of people in %age

Yes 100 100%

No 0 0%


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2Q. What brand of mobile phone are you using now?

INTERPRETATION

In this study most of the respondents have Nokia Mobile handsets. Out of total

respondents, 68% respondents are having Nokia Mobile handsets, 12.% are

having Sony erricson& Samsung Mobile handsets, 4% are having Motorola and

LG Mobile handsets.

3Q. Why do you choose this model?


Nokia 68 68%

Motorola 04 4%

Sony Ericssion 12 12%

Samsung 12 12%

LG 04 4%

Others 00 0%


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INTERPRETATION


Price 10 10%

Function 48 48%

Size 08 8%

Appearance 12 12%

Trend 20 20%

Advertisement 02 2%


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In this study most of the respondents have found that all most the respondents

are purchasing the mobile handsets on the basis of their functions and their

percentage is 48%. Then 12% are purchased on the basis of appearance, 10% on

the basis of price, 8 & 20 on the basis of Size & Trend respectively.

4Q. How long have you been using mobile phone?

INTERPRETATION

In this study we come on the result that 44% people use their mobile

phones for 1-3yrs. And 18%, 14%, 24% using 3-5yr. , 1-6 months & 6-12 months

respectively.


1-6 months 14 14%6-12 months 24 24%

1-3 yrs. 44 44%

3-5yrs. 18 18%


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5Q.How much air time do you spend each day on the phone?

INTERPRETATION


Less than1 hr. 29 29.%

1-2 hr. 37 37%

2-3hr. 13 13%

More than 3 hr. 21 21%


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From this study we conclude that with in 1-2 hrs. people spend air time each day

on handset with a percentage of 37%. And rest is 29%, 21%, 13% . people spend

air time each day on handset in the < 1hr, >3 hrs. & 2-3 hr. respectively.

6Q what aspects do you value in your everyday mobile phone usage (ease of

use, battery life, messaging, alarm clock, etc.)?

INTERPRETATION

In this question we conclude that 57%, 22%, 12% & 09% people prefer

battery, ease to use, messaging & e-mailing use these features in their handsets.

Satisfaction level Out of 100 Samples No. of people in %age

Very Satisfied 23 23%

Satisfied 57 57%

Neutral 17 17%

Un-Satisfied 03 3%

Very Un-Satisfied 00 0%


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7Q. How often you change your mobile phone model?

INTERPRETATION

This study tells that 32% respondents change their handsets from less than

6 months & 48% respondents change their handsets within 6months- 2 yr. And

17% respondents within 2-4yrs. &3% respondents for more than 4 yrs.


Less than 6 months 32 32%

6 month- 2 Yr. 48 48%

2-4 yrs. 17 17%

More than 4 yrs. 03 3%


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8Q. If given a chance would you like to shift to another mobile phone

model?

INTERPRETATION

This study tells that 73% respondents would like to shift to another mobile

phone model & 27% respondents would not like to shift another mobile phone

model.


Yes 73 73%

No 27 27%


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9Q.Do you think prolonged use (use under long period) of mobile phone

would cause health problem e.g. cancer.

INTERPRETATION

From this study we come to know that 48% respondents think that prolonged use

of mobile phones would cause health problem. An 29% respondent doesnt think

that prolonged use of mobile phones would not cause health problem & 48%

which is the majority of the respondents say no comment.


Yes 48 48%

No 29 29%

No Comment 23 23%


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10. Do you think that advertisement made by company informs you about

their new products?

S.NO. PARTICULARS NUMBER %AGE

A YES 34 68

B NO 12 24

C UNDECIDED 4 8

Interpretation

The 34 person says yes and 12 person says no and 4 person were no response.

11. Based on advertisements made by company, would you like to go for

more connection for you or your family in future?


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S.NO. PARTICULARS NUMBER %AGE

A YES 38 76

B NO 7 14

C UNDECIDED 5 10

Interpretation:

The 38 person says yes and 7 person says no and 5 person were no response.


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FINDINGS

The respondents are aware about all the brands.

The major source of information was TV for the respondents.

Mostly customers prefer the Nokia brand.

Very less number of consumers are facing the problems.

Very less number of consumers has a complaint to manufacturer.


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LIMITATIONS

Due to time and resource constraints the survey was conducted withinthe city

of Ludhiana and as such the study might not present a true picture of

consumer perception about selected brands of refrigerators.

A small sample size of 50 respondents may not be representative of the

universe.

The respondents bias might have crept in while filling the questionnaires.

Although care was taken to make this study objectively, interviewers bias

might have distorted the results to some extent.


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RECOMMENDATIONS:

Continuous innovation by considering the level of competition.

After sale service should be improved.

More variety should be there so that they can meet the customers

satisfaction.


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QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Sir/Madam

I am Jaspreet Kaur, student of B.Com-1st

at Arya College for Women

Section, Ludhiana and I am doing a project Survey of Mobile Phones Please co-

operate to fill this questionnaire.

Basic Information:

Name _________________________________________

Sex: (a) Male (b) Female

Age: (a) 15-25 (b) 25-35

(c) 35-45 (d) Above 45

Education: (a) Matriculate (b) Intermediate

(C) Graduation (d) Postgr


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1Q. Do you own a mobile phone?

YES NO

2Q. What brand of mobile phone are you using now?(you can tick more than

one option)

Nokia Motorola LG

Sony Ericssion Samsung

If Other (please specify)_______________________

3Q. Please also write your model of phone.(use ","to separate if you have more than one phone)

e.g. V70,8310,6688,9@9

4Q. Why do you choose this model? (You can tick more than one option)

Price Function Size & Weight

Appearance Trend Advertisement

Others (please specify..

5Q. How long have you been using mobile phone?

1-6 months 6-12 months

1Yr.-3Yr 3Yr. 5Yr.If More(please specify).

6Q. How much air time do you spend each day on the phone?

< 1 hr. 1 2 hr. 2 3 hr.

More than 3hr.


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7Q. What aspects do you value in your everyday mobile phone usage (ease of

use, battery life, messaging, alarm clock, etc.)?

.

8Q. Are you satisfied with the overall performance your mobile phone

provider?

Very Satisfied Satisfied Neutral

Unsatisfied Very Unsatisfied

9Q. Would you like to need anything more in your mobile phone?Please specify.

10Q. How often you change your mobile phone model?

Less than 6 months 6 Months 2 Yrs.

2Yr. 4Yr. >4 Yrs.

11Q. If given a chance would you like to shift to another mobile phone model?

YES NO

12Q. If Yes, then why you will change the mobile phone model?Reasoning: .

..

13Q. Do you think prolonged use (use under long period) of mobile phone would

cause health problem e.g.cancer

Yes No No Comment

Thanks for your valuable time and co-operation


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITE:

www.NOKIA.com

www.MOTOROLA.com

www.sonyerricson.com

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.samsung.com

BOOKS:

C. R. Kothari Research Methodology

survey of mobile phone

Documents