survival estimates for the passage of juvenile salmonids through dams and reservoirs of the lower...
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Survival Estimates for the Passage of Juvenile Salmonids Through Dams and Reservoirs
of the Lower Snake and Columbia Rivers (Project
199302900)
CBFWAMarch 28-29, [email protected]
Objectives• Provide estimates of survival
for juvenile salmonids migrating through the Snake and Columbia Rivers
Objectives• Provide estimates of survival
for juvenile salmonids migrating through the Snake and Columbia Rivers
• Operate the PIT tag trawl in the Columbia River estuary
Objectives• Provide estimates of survival for
juvenile salmonids migrating through the Snake and Columbia Rivers
• Operate the PIT tag trawl in the Columbia River estuary
• Evaluate adult returns of PIT-tagged fish
Objectives• Provide estimates of survival for
juvenile salmonids migrating through the Snake and Columbia Rivers
• Operate the PIT tag trawl in the Columbia River estuary
• Evaluate adult returns of PIT-tagged fish
Bonnevill
e
The D
alle
s
John D
ay
Hells Canyon
OxbowBrownlee
Priest Rapids
Wanapum
Rock Island
Rocky Reach
Wells
Chief Joseph
Grand Coulee
McN
ary
Ice H
arb
or
Litt
le G
oose
Low
er
Gra
nit
e
Low
er
Monum
enta
l
Estuaryrecoveries
Juvenile detectors
Hatchery stream typeChinook (1993-2005)
0 200 400 600 800
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00KooskiaImnaha R. weir
Rapid RiverMcCallPahsimeroiSawtooth
Dworshak
R2=0.951, p=0.0002
Distance to Lower Granite Dam(km)
Surv
ival
Rele
ase
to L
GR
Stream type ChinookAll Snake River Basinhatcheries combined
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
X = 62%
55%Sur
viva
lRel
ease
to
LGR
Lower Granite tagging(each year)
• About 20,000 hatchery steelhead• Up to 10,000 wild steelhead• Up to 10,000 wild yearling Chinook• Combined with fish tagged above LGR
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Est
imat
ed s
urvi
val
Stream type Chinook Steelhead
Lower Granite to Little Goose
X = 90.3%X = 92.3%
91.9%94.0%
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Est
imat
ed s
urvi
val
Stream type Chinook Steelhead
Lower Monumental to McNary
X = 85.0% X = 71.4%
90.9%(95.3)
72.2%(85.0)
Bonnevill
e
The D
alle
s
John D
ay
Hells Canyon
OxbowBrownlee
Priest Rapids
Wanapum
Rock Island
Rocky Reach
Wells
McN
ary
Ice H
arb
or
Litt
le G
oose
Low
er
Gra
nit
e
Low
er M
onum
enta
lCrescent Island
4 to 21% of all PIT-tagged steelhead leaving Lower Monumental Dam found on Crescent Island, 1998-2005
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Est
imat
ed s
urvi
val
Stream type Chinook Steelhead
Lower Granite to Bonneville
X = 48.6%??
X = 32.4%57.7%
0
10
20
30
40
50
Apr 9
Apr 16
Apr 23
Apr 30
May 7
May 14
May 21
May 28
1997-2004
2001
Median travel timeStream type ChinookLower Granite to Bonneville (461 km)
2005
Date at Lower Granite Dam
Tra
vel
tim
e (d
ays)
Snake River Trap to Bonneville Dam TailracePer-project extrapolation in some years
1965 1970 1975 1980
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1995 2005
Nodata
Chinook
Steelhead53.0%
22.5%
Outmigration year
Hyd
rosy
stem
sur
viva
l
Use of survival data
• Reach survival data used to evaluate structural and operational changes in the hydropower system and to determine where additional improvements are needed
Use of survival data
• Reach survival data used to evaluate structural and operational changes in the hydropower system and to determine where additional improvements are needed
• Survival estimates used to determine whether BiOp hydropower performance standards are met each year
Objectives• Provide estimates of survival for
juvenile salmonids migrating through the Snake and Columbia Rivers
• Operate the PIT tag trawl in the Columbia River estuary
• Evaluate adult returns of PIT-tagged fish
Survival (SE) from Tailrace of McNary Dam to Bonneville DamYearling chinook salmon
020406080
100
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Migration year
Su
rviv
al (
%)
Snake River Mid-Columbia
Yearling Chinook SalmonSurvival McNary to Bonneville
Detection rates trawl at Jones BeachYearling chinook salmon, 2003
5,184 detections
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
9 Apr 23 Apr 7 May 21 May 4 Jun 18 Jun
Release date from barge or detection at Bonneville Dam
Det
ecti
on r
ate
traw
l (%
)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
Dai
ly p
assa
ge (
n)
Transport passage In-river passage Transport data
Transport regression In-river data In-river regression
Use of trawl data
• Used to determine smolt arrival timing to the estuary
Use of trawl data
• Used to determine smolt arrival timing to the estuary
• Used to compare performance of different groups (i.e., transport vs inriver)
Use of trawl data
• Used to determine smolt arrival timing to the estuary
• Used to compare performance of different groups (i.e., transport vs inriver)
• Used as final PIT tag recapture site, necessary for survival estimation to the tailrace of Bonneville Dam
Objectives• Provide estimates of survival for
juvenile salmonids migrating through the Snake and Columbia Rivers
• Operate the PIT tag trawl in the Columbia River estuary
• Evaluate adult returns of PIT-tagged fish
Stream type Chinook
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 20050.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
In-river survival
Hyd
ropow
er sy
stem
surv
ival
SAR (%
)
Stream type Chinook
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 20050.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
*
*
* Incomplete adult returns
In-river survial
SAR
*
Hyd
ropow
er sy
stem
surv
ival
SAR (%
)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.70.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
R2 = 0.306P = 0.097
Stream type Chinook
Hydropower system survival
SAR (%
)
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Survival
Hatchery Chinook Salmon 1998
2 Apr 16 Apr 30 Apr 14 May 28 May
Date leaving Lower Granite Dam
Per
cen
t S
urv
ival
(LG
R-B
ON
) SA
R (%
)
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
1
2
3
Survival
SART
Hatchery Chinook Salmon 1998
2 Apr 16 Apr 30 Apr 14 May 28 May
Date leaving Lower Granite Dam
Per
cen
t S
urv
ival
(LG
R-B
ON
) SA
R (%
)
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
1
2
3
Survival
SARM SART
Hatchery Chinook Salmon 1998
2 Apr 16 Apr 30 Apr 14 May 28 May
Date leaving Lower Granite Dam
Per
cen
t S
urv
ival
(LG
R-B
ON
) SA
R (%
)
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
1
2
3
Survival
SARM SART
Hatchery Chinook Salmon 1998
2 Apr 16 Apr 30 Apr 14 May 28 May
"D"
Date leaving Lower Granite Dam
Per
cen
t S
urv
ival
(LG
R-B
ON
) SA
R (%
)
Use of SAR data
• To evaluate migration strategies (multiple bypass, transport vs spill, etc.)
Use of SAR data
• To evaluate migration strategies (multiple bypass, transport vs spill, etc.)
• Hydropower system mortality’s role in life cycle mortality
Major findings
Major findings
• Stream type Chinook survival has averaged 62% from hatchery release to the first dam
Major findings
• Stream type Chinook survival has averaged 62% from hatchery release to the first dam
• Reach survival has averaged 90% per project for Chinook and 85% for steelhead
Major findings
• Stream type Chinook survival has averaged 62% from hatchery release to the first dam
• Reach survival has averaged 90% per project for Chinook and 85% for steelhead
• Hydropower system survival has averaged 46% for Chinook and 32% for steelhead
Major findings
• Stream type Chinook survival has averaged 62% from hatchery release to the first dam
• Reach survival has averaged 90% per project for Chinook and 85% for steelhead
• Hydropower system survival has averaged 46% for Chinook and 32% for steelhead
• Migrant survival only weakly related to SAR, ocean entry timing appears important
Publications
• 18 reports to BPA (available on BPA website)
• 11 peer-reviewed publications
Questions