surviving a hostage situation in a classroom environment andrew taylor safety and loss control...
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Surviving a Hostage Situationin a Classroom Environment
Andrew TaylorSafety and Loss Control DirectorMississippi Institutions of Higher Learning
Threat Assessment
April 16, 2007: A gunman kills 32 people in a dorm and a classroom at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Va. The gunman later dies.
1991…5 + 1 (2)…University of Iowa 1996…3………….San Diego State 2000…1 + 1……..University of Arkansas 2002…3 + 1……..University of Arizona 2002…3 (2)……..Appalachian School of Law 2006…3…………Shepherd University
Closer to Home…
16 year old Pearl High School student stabs mother to death before school.
Shoots nine students, killing two. Two accomplices were involved in plan.
Pearl High School generates many of our incoming freshmen students.
Threat Assessment
There are 28 active Hate Groups located in Mississippi.
Southern Poverty Law Center 7/2007
Hostage Taker vs. Active Shooter Hostage Taker
Captures hostages to use as “brokering chips” for: Money Politics Revenge Personal gain or safety
Active Shooter Kills victims
To “make a statement”, for their “cause” To destroy a target
Phases of a Hostage Situation Capture Phase
Most dangerous phase Intruder is trying to take control Often chaotic and violent Often best chance to escape
Must assess intent rapidly Hostage Taker or Killer
Phases of a Hostage Situation (Phase 1) Capture Phase
If you discern the intruder’s goal is to detain people or take control of your facility for negotiation purposes, remain calm!!!!
If the intruder is actively using a weapon to kill people, you must either “get out” or “take out”! You have a third choice of staying still / playing dead /
doing nothing. Being shot in place is no safer than attempting to get out or take out, in this situation.
Phases of a Hostage Situation (Phase 1) Capture Phase (if killing is intruder’s intent)
Get out – escape any way possible. Use whatever exit is available and run until you are safe.
Take out – disarm and disable the intruder(s) as quickly as possible with as much force as needed. Consider that victims outnumber intruders…swarm Victims can disrupt focus and time frame…moving targets Don’t allow time for reloading or changing weapons "The fact that someone walks into a classroom with a gun does not make
them a god. Five or six seventh-grade kids and a 95-pound art teacher can basically challenge, bring down and immobilize a 200-pound man with a gun.“ Robin Browne, Response Options
Phases of a Hostage Situation (Phase 2) Internment Phase
Could last a few hours or a few weeks Negotiations take place, hostage takers are busy Employ the “3 C’s”:
Calm…calm hostages lead to calm hostage takers. Connect…gain their trust and respect as a person,
not a brokering chip. Build rapport. Capitalize…on escape or rescue opportunities.
Phases of a Hostage Situation (Phase 3) Resolution Phase
80% of hostages worldwide survive their ordeal Only 3% are killed after kidnap
Resolutions typically happen in one of three ways:
Negotiated Release Armed Rescue Escape
Armed Rescue
Rescuers must be able to tell hostages from hostage takers Follow instructions such as “lie down, keep still, identify
yourself” Make sure rescuers can see your empty hands If unsure what to do – stay low
Capture Phase
If Killer(Active Shooter)
Get outOr
Take Out
If Hostage Taker
Internment Phase
Resolution Phase
Calm – Connect - Capitalize
Negotiated Release
Armed Rescue
Escape
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