sustainability in information systems engineering and...

Sustainability in information systems engineering and research !

CAiSE 2016 tutorial

Sergio España, Patricia Lago, Sjaak Brinkkemper

Calle del árbol I, 2013

Ciudad enraizada III, 2014 !"#$%&'()*#+,'-#"#+./0'12340'5%6,+%7/%8'9./:'!!!0';,,8'#<8'=>,/,?,))#$%',<'@,#+8'A'B3'C'342'C'D'?"'

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2

Agenda

The need The conceptsGreening of ICTGreening by ICTThe future


CAiSE 2016 tutorial

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Huge swaths of pristine forest of

Indonesia, home to the endangered

orangutan and red-nose monkey, is

threatened by expanding palm oil

concessions. Government data has

shown that over 50,000 orangutans

have already died as a result of

deforestation due to palm oil in the

last two decades. It is estimated that

6 to 12 of these ‘jungle people’ are

killed each day for palm oil. Experts

say that if this pattern of destruction

and exploitation continues, these

intelligent acrobats of the jungle will

be extinct in the wild within a few

years. It is also thought that their

jungle habitat will be completely

gone within 20 years (approximately

2033).

http://www.seenox.org/say-palm-oil/

6


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The Rana Plaza building in Savar,

Bangladesh, collapsed on April 24,

2013. More than 1,130 people were

killed in what is one of the world's

worst industrial accidents to date.

Many well-known clothing brands

were outsourcing garment

manufacturing to factories operating

in the building. This caused a shock in

public opinion and in the clothing

industry. Most of the brands paid

compensations to the victims or

their families (some still have not).

There has been much debate on

which individuals and companies are

to be held responsible for the

working conditions in such factories.

7


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Datacentre web servers, such as

those used by Google and

Facebook, to blame for 2% of

greenhouse gas emissions – about

the same as air travel.

Watching another episode on

Netflix, reading the Guardian online

and downloading apps are not

obvious ways to pollute the

atmosphere. But collectively, our

growing appetite for digital services

means the datacentres that power

them are now responsible for about

2% of global greenhouse gas

emissions, a similar share to

aviation.

As with emissions from air travel, the

real issue with datacentres is the

rate at which they are growing.

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/

sep/25/server-data-centre-emissions-air-travel-

web-google-facebook-greenhouse-gas Have you ever though about your own carbon footprint? http://footprint.wwf.org.uk http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx http://www.nature.org/greenliving/carboncalculator

8

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Bitcoin is a the peer-to-peer

decentralised electronic currency. It is

supported by a network of computers

that are constantly “mining”; i.e.

ensuring security and verifiability by

solving cryptographic puzzles. Miners

are rewarded in Bitcoin. These

calculations use much electricity: a

single Bitcoin transaction uses enough

electricity to power 1.57 American

households for a day. Bitcoin is about

5,033 times more energy-intensive, per

transaction, than VISA, at current

usage levels. If Bitcoin keeps its current

expansion rate, it could lead to a

continuous electricity consumption that

lies between the output of a small

power plant and the total consumption

of a small country like Denmark by

2020.

http://motherboard.vice.com/read/bitcoin-is-

unsustainable

http://motherboard.vice.com/read/bitcoin-could-

consume-as-much-electricity-as-denmark-

by-2020

9


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In 2005 there were 60,000 e-waste

workers in Guiyu who processed the

more than 100 truckloads that were

transported to the 52 square

kilometre area every day. Many of

the primitive recycling operations in

Guiyu are toxic and dangerous to

workers' health with 80% of children

suffering from lead poisoning.

Above-average miscarriage rates

are also reported in the region. Once

a rice village, the pollution has made

Guiyu unable to produce crops for

food and the water of the river is

undrinkable.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Electronic_waste_in_Guiyu

10

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11

Agenda



CAiSE 2016 tutorial

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57% improvement in children’s mood

43% also better sleeping pattern

19

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Smart lighting-control-software

& LED technologyProportional cost reductions

80% reduction energy

consumption

TECHNICAL ECO

NOM

IC SOCIAL

ENVI

RONM

ENTA

L

IMMEDIATE IMPACT

ENABLING IMPACT

SYSTEMIC IMPACT

ENERGY SAVINGS

SCALABILITY CONFIGURABILITY

SOFTWARESYSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTMETHOD©PATRICIALAGO

WELL BEING

HEATHCARE SAVINGS

ENERGY COSTS SMART

LIGHTING

PATRICIALAGO©2016

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SoHwareSustainabilityAssessment(SoSA)methodResponsible software à The concepts

¡  Thereareactuallyfourrelevantdimensionsforgreenersotware.¡  Wecanjointhiswiththethreelevelsofimpact.¡  Eachdimensioninvolvesqualityconcerns¡  Steps:

1.  Scopequalityconcerns:▪  Whataretherelevantqualityconcerns?▪  Aretheywithintheprojectscope?Classifytheconcernswithrespecttothethreelevelsofimpact.

2.  Classifyqualityconcerns:▪  Classifythequalityconcernswithrespecttoeachsustainabilitydimension.▪  Aretherecross-dependenciesbetweenthem?IndicatedirecGonandsign.

3.  RethinktheelementsandrelaAonships:▪  Doesthemodelmakeyouthinkofanyotherqualityconcerns?▪  ArethereaddiGonaltrade-offsbetweenconcerns?▪  Loopbackifnecessary

Source:P.Lagoetal.“FramingSustainabilityasaSotwareQualityProperty”,ACMCommunicaGons,2015. 22

SCOPE QUALITY CONCERNS

CLASSIFY QUALITY

CONCERNS

RETHINK ELEMENTS AND RELATIONSHIPS

Software architecture provides a bird’s eye view to address the effects on the four dimensions of

sustainability. !


L>,/,&'#8#=/%8'6+,"'e<,<:",F7' 23

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IMMEDIATE!IMPACT!

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PERFORMANCE!

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27

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28

Agenda

The need The conceptsGreening by ICTGreening of ICTThe future


CAiSE 2016 tutorial

Responsible enterprisesThe challenges

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41

Agenda



CAiSE 2016 tutorial

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DefiniGonbasedon:C.A.Tilt,"Corporateresponsibility,accounGngandaccountants,"inProfessionals'perspecGvesofcorporatesocialresponsibility,Springer,2010,pp.11-32.R.W.Kolb,EncyclopediaofBusinessEthicsandSociety:SAGE,2008. 45

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R.W.Kolb,EncyclopediaofBusinessEthicsandSociety:SAGE,2008. 46

RESPONSIBLE MARKETING

⊞

RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS MODEL

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ORGANISATIONAL REENGINEERING

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