SustainabilityScience–advancingmethodologicalawareness.

AnneJerneck&LennartOlssonLundUniversityCentreforSustainabilityStudies(LUCSUS)

Abstract

Sustainability science has successfully employed a wide range of tools and techniques to the study of sustainability challenges. In our key note address we will emphasise the need to further strengthen the methodological awareness by discussing (some of) the ontological and epistemological foundations of sustainability science. In sustainability science education it is important to raise awareness of these issues and to develop students’ skills accordingly. Sustainability Science is an emerging, transdisciplinary academic field that aims to help build a sustainable global society by drawing and integrating research from the humanities and the social, natural, medical and engineering sciences combined with knowledge from relevant actors from outside academia such as policy-makers, businesses, social organizations and citizens. The field is focused on examining the interactions between human, environmental, and engineered systems to understand and contribute to solutions for complex challenges that threaten the future of humanity and the integrity of the life support systems of the planet, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution and land and water degradation. Sustainability science develops primarily at the interface of existing areas of knowledge. It is explicitly interdisciplinary with the objective to create new forms of co-operation across disciplinary and widely differing subject boundaries. Taking its point of departure in a theoretical distinction between problem-solving and critical research, sustainability science strives to find new methods of bridging the knowledge cleavages between the natural sciences and social sciences, as well as those between science and practice. In so doing it should address the wider ethical and democratic issues of distribution, equality and justice. At this point in time, many questions can be posed within and about sustainability science, such as: what is its mission, what is the mandate, what has been accomplished and achieved thus far, what are the conflicts and controversies, what are the further necessary moves and measures do develop the field, and what are the aspirations for the coming years? On a more philosophical or practical level there are other vital questions such as: What core ideas does this concept embody? What insights does the concept provide, particularly regarding cultural, economic, political, social and technological change for sustainability?

From a reflexive point of view there could also be questons such as: Has its trajectory or evolution been affected by resistance or critique? And if so, what kind of critique has been raised against it and from what ontological and epistemological position(s) and perspective(s)? From a methodological perspective another crucial question would also be: What is the future of SS, should it remain an open field or should it be institutionalised? Does it compete with or complement disciplinary science? Our presentation will be organised into three parts:

• By briefly chronicling the young history of the field and by recuperating theoretical and methodological insights gained in research, we seek to identify core research issues.

• After that we suggest a typology to categorise and characterize main perspectives

used.

• Finally, we discuss possible approaches and aspects in research designs and illustrate it through research achievements. Also here we attempt a typology.

Keywords: epistemology, ontology, scientific imperialism, scientific pluralism

2015-11-17

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Tokyo 20 November 2015

Sustainability science research and education

Advancing methodological awareness

Anne JerneckLennart Olsson

Lund University Centre for Sustainability StudiesSweden

www.lucsus.lu.se

POSITIONALITYSITUATED KNOWLEDGE

HOW WE THINK AND DO SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

Who we are and where we come from informs

* how we think* what we choose to do* how we will do it* and what we seek to contribute (education/research)

Economic history

Asian studies

Developmentstudies

Anne Jerneck LUCSUS/LUCID

Interd

isciplin

arity

Sustainability science Sustainability science

Anthropology

Human Geography

Physical Geography

Lennart Olsson LUCSUS/LUCID

Interd

isciplin

arity

Administrative and artificial barriers – or deeply rooted ontological and epistemological boundaries?

'the world has problems while universities have departments' {Brewer, 1999 # 3494}

'the department-based structure of universitiesis essentially at odds with collaboration' {Nature, 2007 # 985}

Mode 1 / Type 1 Mode 2 / Type 2

Who defines the

research questions? Scientific community Society at large

How combine

theory and methods? Homogeneity Heterogeneity (plurality)

How and where is

science conducted? Isolated in academia

In cooperation with

stakeholders in society

How organise

quality control?

Scientific community:

via peer reviewing

Societal conditions:

according to usefulness

Knowledge

communication? To other researchers To potential users

Comparing Type 1 and Type 2 research (Mode 1 and Mode 2)

Gibbons et al. 1992. The new Production of Knowledge.

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* Disciplinary knowledge

* Theoretical ambition (test, apply, develop, generate new)

* Methodological skills

will inspire

* How you think of SS – what is it?

* How you pursue SS – what to do and how?

* How you develop SS – what contribute to SS?

Poverty Inequality

HungerMalnutrition

EpidemicsIllhealth

Illiteracy

Corruption

Violence

Climate change

Biodiversity loss

Deforestation

Illhealth

Land use change

Overfishing

Water scarcity

OLD PERSISTENT PROBLEMS NEW SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES

New science-society interaction necessary!

Multidisciplinary Interdisc.. Transdisc..

2008-2018

Thorén, H., and Persson, J. "The Philosophy of Interdisciplinarity: Sustainability Science and Problem-Feeding." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 44.2 (2013): 337-355.

L U C I D A M B I T I O N

are we really here?

Jerneck, A., Olsson, L., Anderberg, S., Ness, B., Baier, M., Clark, E., Hickler, T., Hornborg, A., Kronsell, A.,Lövbrand, E., Persson, J.,2011: Structuring Sustainability Science. Sustainability Science 6(1) 69-82

Scientific understanding

Social goals

Political strategiesand implementation

10

It is discussed and debated in

Constructive Disagreement

LUCID BOX

An integrated research profile

* critical – problem solving* social – natural dimensions* science – society interaction* global – local dynamics (interwoven)

* There are many ontological &

epistemological assumptions and underpinnings…

Enabling Interdisciplinary Research

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Hage & Hollingsworth 2000more diversity, more creativity,

more need for communication

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Interdisciplinary resistance

‘researchers who resist abandoning their own disciplinary perspective resulting from years of commitment and experience’

Siedlok et al 2014

FOCUS of early sustainability science

* elucidating nature – society interaction

* providing scientific knowledge for sustainability

* elaborating normative discussions on sustainability

CORE ASPECTS in/of sustainability science

* credibility, legitimacy, saliency (Cash et al 2003 PNAS)

Sustainability science – what focus // what do?

* WHAT: nature-society dynamics (systems/relations/processes)= identify sustainable nature-society interaction= explore complexity under uncertainty

* HOW: problem-driven and solutions-oriented approach: = apply scientific knowledge to real world problems= co-produce demand driven knowledge

* WHY: normativity – what, for whom, for how long, at what cost?= envision inclusive sustainable futures

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Consensus theories VS Conflict theories

VISION Modernity New modernity Anti-modernity

PATHWAY Weak sustainability Critical sustainability Unclear

THEORY Ecological

modernisation

Radical reform

= modernisation

Anti-modernisation,

degrowth = postgrowth

PROBLEM

DEFINITION

Empirically observed

and approached =

inductive

Empirically grounded and

theoretically informed

= analytic induction

Theoretically generated

and approached = deductive

ANALYTICAL

APPROACH

Specific

= too detailed

or detached

Critical reframing

= via several frames

Holistic = too encompassing

or vague

MAIN

BENEFIT

Rapid progress Structural change Visionary

Activism / Social Movement

MAIN

DRAWBACK

Risk of lock-in Slow progress Utopian

APPROACHES

CONCEPTS

DISCOURSES

MECHANISMS

Green state (Eckersly)

Green economy (Stern)

Environmental State

PES

Real utopias (EO Wright)

Transition theory (Geels)

Political ecology

Critical urban theory

Deep ecology (A. Naess)

De-growth (Barcelona,

S. Latouche, T. Jackson)

SUSTAINABILITY DEBATES – what are the types?

Adapt and/or transform?

Socio-ecological systems

Thresholds

Resilience Social change

or lock-ins?

Multilevel framework

Scales / Power

Transition theory

Concepts like socio-ecological system and transition management are used ‘as theoretical frames and foundations to bridge and better understand different but interrelated problemareas (Kajikawa et al 2014).

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Critique: The (neoliberal) politics (and governance) of RESILIENCE

Adrian Smith & Andy Stirling. 2010. The Politics of Social-ecological Resilience and Sustainable Socio-technical Transitions.

Bene et al. 2014. Review article: Resilience, Poverty and Development.

Rigg and Oven 2015. Building liberal resilience? A critical review from developing rural Asia

UnificationDriven by disciplinary imperialism

* Ruled by a common axiomatics

* Swiss Army Knife

* Commonsensical

* Quick process

* Flawed understanding

* Closure

PluralismDriven by problem feeding

* Not ruled by a common axiomatics

* Complete workshop = all tools

* Analytical

* Slow process

* Sound understanding

* Open

Illustrative examples: agro-ecology resilience; nanoscope; ocean CO2 uptake;

Insights from Philosophy of Science

Lennart Olsson, Anne Jerneck, Henrik Thorén, Johannes Persson, David O’Byrne 2015 Why resilience is unappealing to social science ScienceAdvances

Critique

OntoEpistoMeth

HOLISTIC REDUCTIONISM

‘… there are typically no more than a few (a handful) of such key variables that are important for any given change’Anderies, Walker and Kinzig. Fifteen weddings and a funeral: case studies and resilience-based management. Ecology and Society 11.1, 2006: 21.

…..BUT….

‘In general, increased diversity promotes greater flexibility because it allows more possibilities for substitution between opportunities that are in decline and those that are expanding.’

Frank Ellis. Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford university press, 2000: 4

Example: Palm oil production

Reasons why resilience theory is unappealing to social science: system ontology

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Who defines the system? What is inside/outside?

Who are the stakeholders? Who invites who?

STAKE

PO

WER

Plantation owners

Seasonal workers

Smallholders

UNILEVER

Retailers Manufacturers

Traders Refineries

Palm oil mills

Can ecosystem services be governed?

by whom?

for whom?

and how?

• Property rights arrangements: Are they well defined?

• User rights: How they differ from property rights?

• Science: Do we understand the (eco)system(s)?

• Spatial scale and definability: What is the geographical extent? Can it be delineated?

• Temporal scale: Are there lags and inertia between?

• Stakeholders: State, private, civil society, social movements?

• Social relations: Consensus, conflict, power?

bio

-ph

ysicalso

cialeco

no

mic

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Key questionPollination Flood

protecionWater

purificationForest carbon

Scientificunderstanding

Very low Very high High Medium

System boundaries and scales

Fuzzy boundaries

Clear boundaries

Surface: clearSubsurface: unclear

Clear but risk of leakage

Temporal inertia and lags

Yes No Yes Yes(multi-generation)

Definability of stakeholders

Low High High Low(multi-generation)

Power relationships among stakeholders

Polarisation Consensus? Polarisation? Polarisation

Property rightsarrangements

Unclear Clear Clear Aboveground: clearBelowground: unclear

User rightsarrangements

Unclear Clear Clear Clear

Integrated // Integrative research

= realises that science is not value-neutralputs high demand on reflexivity!

Researchers must have ability to trace and acknowledge different types of transformational pathways

Reflective scientist = generates data and serves as facilitator

Knowledge broker = mediates relevance and significance

between parties

Change agent = inspires, motivates and strengthens

the process while seeking to empowerparticipants

Reflexive researcher = critically examines positionalty

and normative stance

Wittmayer and Schäpke 2013

Four types in integrated research

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SS education – content, process, scope, skills

Research-led focusing on content

Research-oriented focusing on methods and processes

Research-tutored focusing on content and active participation

Research-based focusing on inquiry-based participatory learning

Research-informed includes pedagogical updates

Locate and work with pertinent data, compare approaches and methods, develop an encompassing understanding of complex problems within an integrative frame

Harald Otto. The Teaching-Research Nexus in the Rise of Sustainability Science: Scope and Approach. In Matsumoto et al. 2012. Design for Innovative Value towards Sustainable Scociety.

What impact will climate change, biodiversity loss and land use change have on poverty, social exclusion, Ill-health and food insecurity?

How is corruption and social mobility intertwined with deforestation, overfishing and other ruthless exploitation of natural resources?

Who is affected by human rights violations during war, conflict and environmental threats? And who controls values and incentive structures needed to bring about social change?

Integrated Research

What socio-ecological questions would integrated research pose?

Soci

al E

ntr

epre

neu

rsh

ip

Improved ookstoveswater harvesting, soil fertility, sanitation

Science-Society in SSAInitiative starting in 2007

Articles & Filmswww.lucsus.lu.se

PROFESSOR LENNART OLSSON, CV

DATE OF BIRTH: 1955-01-04

ADDRESS: Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS), Box 170, 22100 Lund,

SWEDEN. Telephone: +46 (0)46 222 0511, e-mail: lennart.olsson@lucsus.lu.se

ACADEMIC RECORDS:

2004: Full professor in Physical Geography at Lund University

1998: Docent (Associate Professor) in Physical Geography at Lund University

1986-88: Post-doc, University of New South Wales, Australia

1986: Ph.D. Lund University in Physical Geography: An integrated study of desertification –

applications of remote sensing, GIS and spatial modelling. Supervisor professor Anders Rapp

1979: BSc. Lund University (Geography and Social Anthropology)

PRESENT POSITION: Founding Director of LUCSUS - Lund University Centre for Sustainability

Studies since January 2000, a faculty independent platform for trans-disciplinary research on all

aspects of sustainability science currently hosting a research group of 35 researchers and 4 support

staff with linkages to several disciplines. Coordinator of the Linnaeus Grant LUCID (2008 – 2018).

PREVIOUS POSITIONS:

2007: Visiting scientist at ICRAF (World Agroforestry Center), Nairobi, Kenya (6 months)

1996-99: Assoc. Prof. (docent), Dept. of Physical Geography, Lund University, Sweden,

1995-96: Assoc. Prof. at Dept. of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.

1994-95: - Founding director of the Centre for GIS at Lund University.

1991-93: Lecturer at the Dept. of Physical Geography, Lund University.

1991: Visiting Professor, Dept. of Geography, San Diego State University, USA (7 months).

1988 - 90: Assistant professor at the Dept. of Physical Geography, Lund University.

1986 - 88: Post-doctoral fellow, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

PhD SUPERVISION (completed PhD theses)

1996: B. T. Osman: GIS-Hydrological Modelling in Arid Lands

1998: J. Ardö: Remote sensing of Forest Decline in the Czech Republic

2001: J. Seaquist: Mapping NPP for the West African Sahel using Satellite Data

2003: M. Runnström: Land Degradation and Mitigation in Northern China

2003: S. Brogaard: Recent Changes in Land Use and Productivity in Agro-Pastoral Inner Mongolia

2006: B. Elmqvist: Livelihood Diversification and Land Use Change in the Sahel

2009: N. Mandere: Alternative agriculture and rural development: A case study of sugar beet

cultivation in Kenya

2012: S. Gabrielsson: Uncertain Futures – Exploring adaptive capacities to climate vulnerability in

the Lake Victoria Basin

2013: Y.G. Tambang: Explaining Agricultural Yield Gaps in Cameroon

2013: T. Kruase: Buying conservation? Financial Incentives for Tropical Forest Conservation in the

Ecuadorian Amazon.

2014: M. Nastar: Quenching the Urban Thirst, Urban water governance in the Global South.

2015: C. Sjöström: Food for Naught: Power in agricultural modernization for smallholder food

security

Current number of Ph.D. candidates under my supervision: 3

Mentoring of post-doctoral fellows: Anna-Karin Bergman (Sociology of Law); Lena Christensen

(Literary Studies); Weston Dripps (Hydrogeology); Bodil Elmqvist (Physical Geography); Nicodemus

Mandere (Physical Geography); Karin Steen, Torsten Krause, Genesis T. Yengoh, (Sustainability

Science)

SELECTED PEDAGOGIC EXPERIENCES: 2000-14: Scientific director and examiner of the

International Masters Program LUMES (www.lumes.lu.se). Teaching a range of the Masters courses

in the programme, notably on land use, environmental modelling, water issues, natural resources and

land degradation. Developing and responsible for the course in Sustainability Science 2009-12.

1994-99: Developing and responsible for a wide range of courses on GIS and remote sensing at the

Department of Physical Geography. Supervised about 20 MSc theses. Developing a range of teaching

material including co-authoring text books in GIS.

SELECTED SCIENTIFIC COMMISSIONS:

- 31 times PhD examiner (15 times opponent, 16 times committee member) in Australia, Denmark,

the Netherlands, Norway, Sudan, UK and Sweden.

- 21 times referee for academic positions in Denmark, Hong Kong, The Netherlands, Sweden and

USA, Norway.

- Member of Editorial Boards: Ecology and Society (since 2010); Global Environmental Change,

Elsevier (2004-06), The Geographical Review (2003-05), Int. J. of Applied Earth Observation and

Geoinformation, Elsevier (1999-11).

- Coordinating Lead Author on IPCC 5th Assessment report (WG-II, Chapter 13: Livelihoods and

Poverty), 2011-14, Lead Author on IPCC report on LULUCF (Good Practice Guidance for

Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry; (2002-03)

- Coordintaing Lead author on UNEP GEO-6 and Lead Author on GEO-4

- Expert Panel Member of the European Research Council (ERC). Panel on Advanced Grants in

the social sciences and humanities, SH3 (2011, 2013), Deputy Chair 2015,

- Chairman, Executive Advisory Board of the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center

(www.sesync.org) hosted by University of Maryland (2012-13).

- Chairman, National Committee for Geography, Royal Academy of Sciences (2009-12).

- Invited speaker (selected): Transatlantic Workshop on Sustainability Science and Synthetic

Biology, Washington DC (May 2010), 2nd International Conference on Sustainability Science,

Rome (Jun 2010), World Student Environmental Summit (University of Tubingen, Sep 2010),

SENSE International PhD Training School (VU Amsterdam, Sep 2011), Lecture series on Global

Climate Change and Human Rights (University of Utrecht, Jan 2012), Climate-Smart Agriculture,

Global Science Conference, University of California, Davis & World Bank (Mar 2013), World

Student Environmental Summit (Leuphana University, Sep 2013), IPCC-SBSTA Expert Dialogue,

Bonn (Jun 2014), GEF-STAP Workshop on Agro-ecosystem Resilience: Identifying common

indicators, Sydney (Nov 2014), IPCC AR5 presentation, Belgrade (Dec 2014), Stockholm

International Water Week (Aug 2015), Opening the Academic Year at UNESCO-IHE, Delft (Oct

2015), 2015 Canberra Conference on Earth System Governance (Dec 2015).

SELECTED EXTERNAL COMMISSIONS AND CONSULTANCE:

- Collaborative research with FAO on activities for enhancing carbon sequestration in agro-

ecosystems, cooperation with Prof. Jules Pretty, University of Essex, 8 months 2002

- Consultant for UNDP/IFAD on Environmental Impact Study for the En Nahud Cooperative Credit

Project (IFAD/Agricultural Bank of the Sudan), 4 months 1992

- FAO Consultant/advisor for 17 months, assessment of forest resources in Sudan. 1991-92

SELECTED RECENT PROJECT FUNDINGS:

- Review of scientific basis of global monitoring of land degradation –

UNEP/GEF/STAP/UNCCD, 2014 (6 months) (0.5 MSEK)

- Unintentional Effects of Climate Change Policies – Large Scale Land Acquisitions in Africa – Swedish Research Council (VR), 2013-15 (2.65 MSEK)

- Measuring and Profiling Multiple Dimensions of Community Resilience – Rockefeller

Foundation, 2013-17 (2.65 m€), Co-PI

- Earth System Governance (ESG), International Project Office funding during 2011-18 at

LUCSUS (14 MSEK)

- LUCID - Lund University Centre of Excellence for Integration of Social and Natural Dimensions

of Sustainability. Linnaeus Grant 2008-18 (85 MSEK)

- Understanding Subsistence Agriculture – in search of social innovations for food security, Sida

2011-13 (4.5 MSEK)

- RESULTS – Research School on Sustainability Science, Formas 2008-13 (7.5 MSEK)

- GLOBIS – Globalisation Informed by Sustainability, FP-7 (co-ord.), 2009-13 (12 MSEK)

- LEP – Legal Empowerment of the Poor, Lund University, 2009-2113 (10 MSEK)

- EO and Global Health Actions – Swedish National Space Board, 2009 – 10 (1.2 MSEK)

CV 2015: Anne Jerneck. LUCID/LUCSUS, LUND UNIVERSITY Doctoral Degree in Economic history: 1995. Adjusting State and Market in Vietnam (304 pages). Department of Economic History, Lund University (LU). Associate Professor in Sustainability Science, Lund University, since November 2010. Current permanent position since January 2009: Associate professor at LUCSUS; 50 percent research and 50 percent teaching/supervision. Previous academic positions and periods of appointment: 2000-2008 Lecturer (tenure), Economic history, Department of Economic History, LU. 1997–1999 Lecturer (contract), Economic history (100 percent), Department of Economic History, LU 1995-1996 Research associate, Centre of Asian Studies at Hong Kong University, Hong Kong 1991–1994 Student counsellor (50 percent). Doctoral studies (40 percent). Lecturer (contract 10 percent), LU 1982-1990 PhD position; lecturer (contract); student counsellor (contract in 1986); Dep of Economic Hist, LU. PhD Supervision: active co-supervisor since 1997, main supervisor since 2009 (16 in total): 2006 – 2014 8 in Sustainability Science, LUCSUS. 2009 – 2013 1 in Philosophy, LUCID: Eric Brandstedt, LU. 2005 – 2006 1 in Environment and Energy System, Faculty of Engineering, IMES, LU: Joachim Nordquist. 2001 – 2004 1 in Geography, at Department of Social and Economic Geography, LU: Sandra Fernandez. 1997 – 2008 5 in Economic History, at Department of Economic History, LU National and international assignments of importance:

Director of studies and student counselling 1998-2002 Director of studies: Master’s Programme in East & Southeast Asian Studies (20 percent) 1996-1997 Director of studies: Economic History (50 percent) 1986, 1991-1994 Student counselling: Economic History (50 percent) Administrative and strategic committee work 2014- LUCSUS Board 2008- LUCID Steering Committee 2006-2008 Chairperson, ‘Committee on Equality and Diversity’, Department of Economic History, LU 2000-2008 Chairperson, ‘Committee on Minor Field Studies’, Department of Economic History, LU 2006-2007 Member of the ‘Lund University Sustainability Committee’, LU. 2005-2007 Member of the committee for ‘Education for Sustainable Development in Lund’ (ESDIL), LU 1984-2007 Board member, several periods, Department of Economic History, LU. 2004-2005 Member of the ‘International Committee’ at School of Economics and Management, LU 2001-2005 Member of the ‘Quality Council for Teaching’, School of Economics and Management, LU. 2000, 2002 Committee member: ‘Best thesis in gender studies’, Centre for Gender Studies, LU 1997-1999 Board member, ‘Centre for East and Southeast Asian Studies’, LU Externally funded research projects, financed by Formas, Sarec, Sida: 2013-15: ‘The Rush for Land in Africa’, Formas: 3.5 million SEK. PI 2011-13: ‘Understanding Subsistence Agriculture – in search of social innovations for food security’, Sida. co-PI 2008-18: LUCID: ’Centre of Excellence for Integration of Social and Natural Dimensions of Sustainability’. Co-PI 2008-09: Bilateral project Sweden-Vietnam: ‘Participation of the rural poor in export-led growth’, (25 percent) PI 2005-05: ‘Promoting development while mitigating climate change’, Sida, (50 percent). PI 2004-07: Bilateral project Sweden-Vietnam: ‘Participation of the rural poor in export-led growth’, (25 percent) PI 2000-02: ‘Gender as a lens on growth with equity. Developing economies in Eastern Asia’, Sida, (50 percent) PI 1997-99: ‘Remodelling the state and creating the market in a transitional economy’, Sida, (50 percent). PI 1993-96: ‘Adjusting the State or the Market in Vietnam’, Sida-Sarec, (50 percent). PI International affiliation: 2007/2008 (3 months) World Agro-forestry Center, ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya 1995-1996 (15 months) Centre for Asian Studies, Hong Kong

Academic commission as reviewer for agencies, councils, universities and journals: Reviewer: Agencies, councils, universities. Copenhagen University. Gothenburg University. Reviewer: scientific journals African Journal of Agricultural Research; Agriculture and Food Security; Ambio, Stockholm, Sweden (Environment); Clinics in Mother and Child Health (Clinical practice/ Public health); Climate and Development (Interdisciplinary); Ecological Economics; Ecology & Society, Stockholm, Sweden (Ecology, Environment, Socio-Ecological Systems); Environment, Development and Sustainability; Environment and Planning A, UBC, Canada (Geography); Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions, Elsevier, UK (Social Sc & Natural Sc); Hydrological Sciences Journal (Interdisciplinary); Journal of Biosocial Science; Journal of Environment and Development (Interdisciplinary); Journal of Languages and Culture, Academic Journals: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Department of History, National University of Singapore; Land: International and cross-disciplinary Open Access Journal (Land resources and soil science); Sociologisk Tidskrift, Oslo, Norway (Sociology); Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift, Lund, Sweden (Political science); Sustainability Science, University of Tokyo, Japan (Sustainability science, Sustainable development); The Geographical Journal, Wiley, UK (Geography); WIREs Climate Change (Inter- and cross-disciplinary); World Journal of Agricultural Sciences PHD EXAMINATION COMMITTEES: ON eight committees, in six disciplines, at three faculties, at two universities:

2014: Roger Hildingsson, Department of Political Science, LU, 5 December 2014 2013: Erik Jönsson, Department of Human Geography, LU, 13 September 2013 2013: Ngoc T.B. Pham, Department for Thematic Studies, Linköping University, 23 August 2013 2013: Edu O Effiom, Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Biodiversity unit, LU, 1 March 2013 2012: Johanna Bergman Lodin, Department of Human Geography, LU, 13 April 2012 2010: Carl Nordlund, Human Ecology at Department of Human Geography, LU, 11 September 2010 2009: Nicodemus M. Mandere, Dep of Physical Geography & Ecosystem Analysis, LU, 11/12 2009 2007: Yahia Mohamed Mamoud, Department of Social and Economic Geography, 19 December 2007 Main discussant at final PhD seminar outside LUCSUS, LU: 2014 Henrik Thorén, Department of Philosophy, LU. 2012: NGOC T.B. PHAM, DEPARTMENT FOR THEMATIC STUDIES (WATER). LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN. 2012: Jewellord T. Nem Singh, Department of Politics, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom. 2012: Johanna Bergman Lodin, Department of Human Geography, LU, Sweden. 2007: Yahia Mohamed Mamoud, Department of Social and Economic Geography, LU, Sweden. 2004: Mattias Lindberg, Department of Economic History, LU, Sweden. 2003: Martin Andersson, Department of Economic History, LU, Sweden. Mentor for PhD: Kristina Ingemarsdotter Persson, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Mentor for PostDoc: PhD Karin Steen, LUCSUS; PhD Anna-Karin Bergman, LUCSUS, PhD Mine Islar, LU, Sweden. Post graduate course design and teaching/tutoring: 2009/2013 Methodology: Qualitative Research and Field Studies in Sustainability Science (3 ECTS). 2011 Theory: Current issues in Sustainability Science (7.5 ECTS). LUCID, IIIEE, LTH, Pol Science Graduate and undergraduate teaching and course development: Total 1983- 2015: over 4000 lecturing hours in 67 courses, 34 of which in English at Master’s level.

Supervision, tutoring, examination: graduate level: 2007-2014 Examination 87 master theses in Asian Studies; Development Studies LUMID; Industrial

Environmental Economics, IIIEE; and Sustainability Science, LUMES; 2000-2011 Opposition 15 master theses in Environmental Studies/Sustainability Science, LUMES. 1999-2011 Supervision 52 master theses: Asian Studies; Development Studies; Sustainability Science.