sustainable energy thechnology

7/29/2019 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY THECHNOLOGY

1/41

SustainableEner

Technolo

By: Zelfikar Jemal(MSc.InSustainableEnergyEngineering)

BahirBahir Dar/Ethio iaDar/Ethio ia2005E.C.2005E.C.


2/41

Chapter OneIntroduction to Sustainability

Outline:

9 Brief History of Energy Usage and development

9 Present Energy Utilization in the World

9 Source of Energy and Sustainability


3/41

What is Energy ???

3


4/41

How much energy is 1 TWh?

1 TWh is equivalent to having

one (1) 60 W light bulb runningfor approximately

two million years!

Do no t t u r n

o f f un t i l year2 002 005 E.C. !


5/41

-

Energy intake to keep alive.

2000 kCal = 8.2 MJ


6/41

- (about 1 million years ago)

Controlled use of fire

Deve ope unt ng met o s

Ener Usa e: 4000 kCal/ erson and da

4000 kCal = 16.4 MJ


7/41

(about 4000 BC in Middle east)

Need more material for building houses and


8/41

Brief Histor of Ener Usa e and develo ment

More Develo ed Societies

(about 1500 AD)

More specialised trades, Service sector

Use of metals and glass

(energy consuming to produce!)

Energy Usage: 90 MJ/person and day


9/41

(1700-1850)

Steam engines

Factories

Energy Usage: 380 MJ/ person and day


10/41

Energy Usage: ? MJ/person and day


11/41

TWh, what is the per capita energy use per day in

=

=

12


12/41

Solution

=

12

= 2.214 1018 [J/year]

= 2.2141012 [MJ/year]

Energy usage per day = 2.2141012 [MJ/year]/365 [days/year]

= 6.066109 MJ/da

Energy usage per capita and day

= 6.066109 [MJ/day]/9

106 [persons]

=


13/41


14/41


15/41


16/41


17/41


18/41


19/41

By sector:

Industrial users (agriculture, mining, manufacturing, andconstruct on consume a out 37 o t e tota 15 .

Personal and commercial transportation consumes 20%;

Residential heating, lighting, and appliances use 11%;

Commercial uses (lighting, heating and cooling of commercialbuildings, and provision of water and sewer services) amount

to 5 o t e tota .

The other 27% of the world's energy is lost in energytransmission and generation.


20/41


21/41


22/41


23/41


24/41

Ethiopia Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: 1.3% ; hydro: 97.6% ; nuclear: 0% ; other: 1.2% (2001)


25/41


26/41


27/41


28/41

Source of Energy and Sustainable Energy Utilization

Renewable against Non- Renewable

and

with regard to Sustainability?


29/41

Sourc es o f Energy

onven ona nergy ources9 Fossil Fuel ( petroleum, Coal, Natural Gas

Non-Conventional Energy Sources

o- ue s omass

9 Hydro Power

9 Solar Energy

n ower9 Geothermal Power

9 Ocean (Tidal, Wave, Thermal29


30/41


31/41


32/41


33/41

Approx.totalworldwideenergyconsumptionis= , .

Solarenergy 1600EJ (444,000TWh),Windpower 600EJ (167,000TWh),

eot erma energy500 139,000 , Biomass 2 0E ( 0,000TWh ,Hydropower 50EJ (14,000TWh)and Oceanenergy1EJ (280TWh).


34/41

34


35/41

WHY THE WORLD NEEDS A 100%RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE ??

Sw i t c h ing t o renew ab le energy i sntjus t t he best c hoic e.

I t s our on ly opt ion.

The w ay the w or ld produc es and uses

energy t oday is no t Sus t a inable .


36/41

What do we mean with the term

Sustainable in the context ofEnergy Utilization?


37/41

According to UN Development sustainable is:

if it meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to

meet their own needs.

ASHRAE defines sustainability as

prov ng or t e nee s o t e present w t outdetracting from the ability to fulfill the needs of the

.


38/41

The principles of sustainability integrate three

closel intertwined elements:

9 the environment,,

9 the social system

ote t e commona ty o t em, o orm a

healthy state system indefinitely.

Sustainability is a state or process that can be

maintained indefinitely.


39/41


40/41


41/41

sustainable energy thechnology

Documents