sustainable environments for aging
DESCRIPTION
This PowerPoint explores sustainable environments for the elderly from a holistic point of view. First presented in Seoul, Korea, November 2009.TRANSCRIPT
Sustainable Community and Architecture for the Aging
Jeffrey Anderzhon, FAIA
Fairfax, Virginia, USA
Sustainability is not simply a design problem
• Sustainability must be based on core business practices
• Sustainability must be integrated with a business strategy
• Sustainability must integrate design with operations
• Sustainability must include continuing education of all building users
Income
$35,825 median for family
households 65+ in the U.S.
$15,193 median for people 65+
reporting income in the U.S.
Percent Distribution by Income:2004
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Long-term financial stability is an issue of sustainability of aged facilities
Cost of Care
$77,380/year U.S. National
average rate for private
nursing room
$68,985/yearU.S. National average rate
for semi-private nursing room
Avg. Length of Stay: 2.4 Years
2006 Met Life Market Survey
Cost of Care
$36,372/year U.S. National
average rates for assisted living
$51,204/yearU.S. National
average rates for assisted living
Alzheimer’s Care
Average Length of Stay: 21 months
2006 Met Life Market Survey
Income
3.6 million elderly in US were below the
poverty level in 2004
Another 2.3 million were classified as
“near poor”
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
1.6 million people in U.S. are
in 18,000 nursing homes
Nursing Home Care in U.S. is a $111 billion business
annually2004 Met Life Market Survey
Cost of Care
Cost of Care
46% of Nursing Home and Home
Care Costs in U.S. are paid by Medicaid
(U.S. Government reimbursed)
12.4% are paid by Medicare (Partial U.S. Government
reimbursed)
Medicaid46%
Medicare12.4%
Out-of-Pocket27.9%
PrivateInsurance
7.7%
Other 6.1%
2004 Met Life Market Survey
Operating costs are the largest on-going capitol outlay
Sustainable staffing affects design
Nights Days Evenings Total
32 Beds
Hours
PPD
40 Beds
Hours
PPD
60 Beds
Hours
PPD
RNs 7.5 7.5 7.5 22.5 .70 .56 .50
LPNs 7.5 7.5 .23 .56 .46
Nsg. Asst.
15 30 22.5 67.5 2.10 2.06 2.00
Total 22.5 45 30 97.5 3.05 3.18 2.96
Source: LeaderStat, Inc.
•Good design can improve staff efficiency and thus reduce the cost of staff
•This scheme shows close attention to how staffing is utilized in a nursing home with three staffing shifts during a 24 hour period and functions well during each shift
Colorado Veterans Home
Aurora, Colorado, USA
Boulder Associates
Sustainability is holistic
In the U.S. the only sector that has experienced job growth is the healthcare sector
Staffing for aged care in developed countries will come from the younger aged group of undeveloped countries
Regulatory Challenges
Energy Codes Senior-Friendly
5 Footcandles in Corridors
20 – 30 Footcandles in Corridors
• Per Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES), 75 year old eye lets in 25% of the light of a 25 year old.
Regulatory Challenges
Energy Efficiency Senior Friendly
Typical Working / Living Environment Temperature
72 - 75°
Typical Working / Living Environment Temperature
75 - 78°
• Air Temperature delivered at a Higher Level for Seniors
• More Challenging to Achieve US Green Building Council (USGBC) Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) certification points for Energy Efficiency
Regulatory Challenges
Energy Efficiency Senior Friendly
Sophisticated HVAC Systems with Control
System Design for Engineers
Difficult Devices for a Layman to Operate; Not as Easily Adjusted to Senior
Needs
Forest Side ALF for Dementia
Washington, DC
JSA, Inc. Architects
Sustaining the Aged in an Adaptive Re-use Structure
Avalon Square
Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA
KKE Architects
•Incorporates an historic structure that is a visual and historic icon of the community into the scheme
•Provides commercial space on the street level for both resident and community use
Akasaki-cho Day Centre Ofunato-shi, Japan
•Re-uses an existing home that was scheduled for demolition, with minimal change as a day-care for those with dementia
•Retains cultural connection to the physical environment
St. Monica Trust
Sanford Station, UK
KWL Architects, Ltd.
•Reclaims an old railway station and buildings for an aged community•Retains the character of the community; avoids demolition•Invites the surrounding community onto the campus with walking and biking trails
Felician Sisters Convent Corapolis, Pennsylvania, USAPerkins Eastman Architects
•Combines active sustainability design with adaptive reuse of an old school building
•Reinforces the teaching mission of the client
Westbury Fields Village
Bristol, UK
KWL Architects, Ltd.
Sustaining the Aged in their own Community
•Retaining the aged in their own community retains their wealth and talent as well as providing diversity in the community
•Developing aged communities in city centers reduces the need for automobile use
National Demonstration Home
Roseville, CA, USA
Eskaton
•Retaining the aged in their own homes reduces new construction and the harm to the environment it causes
•Appropriate universal design concepts will allow residents to live in their own homes longer and negate their need to buy new housing thus sustaining their individual resources
Peabody Retirement CommunityNorth Manchester, Indiana, USARLPS Architects
FoulkewaysGwynedd, Pennsylvania, USA
RLPS Architects
The Royal Star & Garter
Solihull, UK
Scurr Architects
Sun City Ginza East
Tokyo, Japan
Perkins Eastman Architects
Goodwin House-Bailey’s Crossroads
Falls Church, Virginia, USA
DHPY Architects
The Mirabella at South Waterfront
Portland, Oregon, USA
Ankrom Moisan Associated Architects
Sustaining the Aged in an Amenity-Rich Community
Marywood Center
Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
Perkins Eastman Architects
Sustaining the Aged in an Purpose-designed Sustainable Environment
Sydney Aged Care CentreSydney, NSW, Australia
• Fully recycling storm water (gray water)-saves $1,200/month
• Low energy lighting-first cost payback in 18 months-saves $1,477/month
• Low water usage fixtures-first cost payback in 16.5 months
Sustaining the Aged in an Purpose-designed Sustainable Environment
• Environmentally sound storm water management practices
• Use of native plant species to extend wildlife habitat
• Use of permeable surfaces for walks and drives
• Active composting
• Critical attention to use of natural light
• LEED approach to building design
Summerset Village Katikati
Western Bay of Plenty, NZ
Space Architecture Studio
Sustaining the Aged in an Purpose-designed Sustainable Environment
Retirement Home for Priests
Ivory Coast, Africa
HKWN Architects
•Retirement campus replicates typical Ivory Coast town main street with the church as central visual point, a main community street and housing on either side
Sustaining the Aged in an Purpose-designed Sustainable Environment
Retirement Home for Priests
Ivory Coast, Africa
HKWN Architects
•Designed to be built simply by area residents, with green roofs and to be completed on the interior by the residents
•Development includes community soccer field, school, church and community meeting spaces to connect and sustain residents to the surrounding larger community
Nightingale Care Home
Wandsworth, London, UK
Scurr Architects
•Use of active sustainability design techniques:
•PV panels•Natural daylighting•Efficient energy mechanical systems•Efficient energy building envelope•Appropriate site orientation
Sustaining the Aged in an Purpose-designed Sustainable Environment
Thank You
Jeffrey Anderzhon, FAIA
Resources:Green Globes: www.greenglobes.com
developing an sustainability assessment tool specifically for aged environments
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC): www.usgbc.org
provides LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF): www.edf.org
American Institute of Architects sustainable resources web page:
www.aia.org/practicing/groups/kc/AIAS077433?dvid=&recspec=AIAS077433