Sustainable Hotel Design

Group 5Presentation 4

Demand/SupplyMatching

Where We Are Now

• Site C • Building Design

North

1st level

Ground level

Reducing Lighting demand

Low lighting Requirement• Rooms -50 lux• Halls/stairs - 150 lux• Restaurant- 150 lux High lighting

Requirement• Swimming pool -

300lux• Gym - 500 lux• Kitchen- 500 lux• Office - 500 lux

Lighting• Most important factor for safety and

comfort

Artificial lighting

Energy used to light building for 20 hours of the day. Lumen method used to gain amount of luminaires, savings:Bedroom 0.5MWh, Restaurant 17.8MWh, Kitchen 35MWh,

Minimise demand by using energy efficient lamps

• Replace smaller fittings with Compact fluorescent 20w

• Replace larger fittings with tubular fluorescent 60w

• Compare against tungsten 100w filament

• Energy Reduction = 80% (from efficacy)

Natural Day-lighting

•Building design optimised for natural daylight•Daylight factor calculated using protractor•Diffuse sky approx 5000lx (200lx available)

20% 10%

5%4%

Control Lighting

Control for bedrooms, (occupants)• Dimmer switch.• Internal removable shading. • Key card system.Control for restaurant, office (control

systems)• Stepped PSALI and switch off zones• Would require light sensors• Master switch/timers

Natural ventilation and Heat Recovery

Natural ventilation•As previous design

Heat Recovery–60% efficient

–All air passes heat exchanger.

–Need to be easily cleanable for kitchen

Mechanical Ventilation

•Mechanical Ventilation• Using two Aerofoil bladed centrifugal pump

(η 85%)• For outside 0 and inside 30• Swimming pool load for fans= 1kW7290m

3/s

• Saving using heat recovery on heating load =35kW

• Kitchen load for fans=2kW11520m3/s

• Required to remove contaminants from kitchen.

Fan Power

Previous Simulation

Previously: • Base Case• 1 zone L-shape model

Used to determine:• Form• Orientation• Construction• Glazing Area

BASE CASE

L-SHAPE

Zoned Model

Zoned model determines:• More accurate demand information• Demand profiling• Zonal environmental strategies

BedroomFloor area: 32m²

Ventilation :1 ac/h

Operations• Lighting: 50W• Occupancy: 22:00 – 07:00

Design temperature • 19-21°C (CIBSE Guide B1)

Tweaking the Design

Glazing Area: 30%• Minimise overheating in summer• Reduce heat loss in winter

Ventilation rate• Summer: 3 ac/h 10:00 – 18:00

1 ac/h 18:00 – 10:00 (following day)• Winter / Transition: 1 ac/h 00:00 - 24:00

Construction• Varied load bearing block work to timber

construction

Timber Wall Construction

U-value 0.20W/m²KDecrement Delay 12.4 hrSound absorption >52db

Advantages• Cost competitive• Fewer layers allows slimmer construction• Vapour permeable without membranes – no interstitial

condensation• Matches thermal and acoustic properties of heavyweight

builidings• Materials are non-toxic and low embodied energy

Timber Roof Construction

U-value 1.7 W/m²K(with 200mm pavatherm)Decrement delay 11.5 hrSound absorption > 47db

Advantages• Reduces overheating and external noise• Vapour permeable without membranes prevents

interstitial condensation

• Materials are non toxic with low embodied energy

Bedroom

Seasonal Performance• Typical summer day (free floating)

3ac/h (07:00-22:00),

1ac/h (22:00-07:00)

• Typical spring day

Heating requirement 3.73 kWh

• Typical winter day

Heating requirement 22.29 kWh

Bedroom Demand Profile

Sensible heating loadWinter (typical)• Varies between 0.3-0.5 kW

Transition (typical)• Peak 04:00-08:00 about 0.25 kW• Off 14:00-20:00

Summer (typical)• Most days require no heating• Some days require boost 0.03kW

from 04:00-8:00

Electrical Demand

kWh per year

Lighting 27, 890

Catering 20, 500

Ventilation 2,400

Cooling 0

Equipment 2, 920

Swimming pool 8,500

GSHP 30,000

Other 2, 920

Total 95, 630

Thermal Demand

kWh per year

Space Heating 93, 440

Hot water 70, 080

Swimming pool 17, 520

Catering 40, 000

Total 221, 040

Final Demand Analysis

• Our hotel consumes:

– 56% less energy than typical practice– 33% less energy than best practice

Demand /Supply Matching - HOMER

• Manipulation to model– CHP system

• Biogas Generator• Heat recovered from generator – imitate GSHP + Heat recovery• Boiler – imitate thermal supply from CHP

• Resources– Wind – ESP-r database– Stream Flow – 40 l/s– Biomass – Constant Supply

• Load Profiles– Thermal – ESP-r– Electrical – Good Energy

Initial Findings - Power

84% CHP16% Wind

19% excess power

Winter Summer

Transition

Initial Findings - Thermal

69% CHP31% GSHP

8% excess heatTransition

SummerWinter

Alterations to Model

• Addition of Battery – 152 kWh– 304 kWh– 408 kWh

• Subtraction of Hydro Power

Power - Matching

80% CHP20% Wind

0% excess power

Winter Summer

Transition

Thermal - Matching

84% CHP16% GSHP

3% excess heat

Winter Summer

Transition

Conclusions

• Final Supply Systems– Biomass CHP– Wind Energy– Ground Source Heat Pumps

• Do without Hydro Power• Use of Batteries

Thank You For Listening

Any Questions ?