sustainable it at stanford

S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y • I N F O R M A T I O N T E C H N O L O G Y S E R V I C E S

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Sustainable IT at Stanford

Stanford Tech BriefingJoyce DickersonSustainability & Energy ManagementFebruary 27, 2009


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Institutional Commitment to Sustainability

is a University-wide effort to reduce Stanford’s environmental impact, preserve resources, and develop innovative solutions for pressing environmental problems.

Stanford aims to be a leader in sustainability by modeling sustainability practices on campus and pursing research that helps communities around the world.


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Seeking Solutions The Initiative on Human Health $500 MThe Initiative on the Environment and Sustainability $250 M The International Initiative $250 M Multidisciplinary Research Across the University $400 M

Educating Leaders Improving K-12 Education $125 M Engaging the Arts and Creativity $250 M Reinventing Graduate Education $500 M Extending the Renaissance in Undergraduate Education $300 M

Sustaining a Foundation of Excellence Core Support $1,325 M Annual Giving Across the University $400 M TOTAL: $4,300 M


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Initiative on the Environment and

Sustainability

Research and Teaching Stanford Community

Woods Institute for the

Environment

Sustainability and Energy Management

(SEM)

Sustainability Program

Management

IT Services

Sustainability Working Group

Parking and Transportation Sustainable IT

Utilities

10 sub-teams


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Bridge between Facilities and IT Infrastructure Holistic view of computing Computers and buildings

Three Tracks:1. Personal Computers / Office Equipment2. Datacenters / Server Rooms3. Enabling Energy Savings with IT


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Information technology infrastructure at Stanford: 27,000 faculty, staff, and students – 7 schools and 65+ departments

15% Campus energy usage from IT equipment– approximately 40,000 ‘personal’ computers– approximately 6000 servers


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Industry: IT energy usage expected to rise 15% annually

Goal: Keep energy usage flat, while meeting increasing demand on IT Infrastructure

The goal is to increase

productive output, while

keeping energy usage flat.− DOE/SVLG

Energy Summit

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Goal: Enabling Energy Savings & Carbon Reduction


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Goal: Enabling Cost Savings

Sustainable Computing = EFFICIENT COMPUTING– Efficient computer operations– Efficient power and cooling

• 50% of energy to run the server

kWh and Ton-Hr Savings = Cost Savings to the University


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Initiatives and Results

1. Personal Computers / Office Equipment

2. Data Centers / Server Rooms

3. Enabling Energy Savings with IT


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PERSONAL COMPUTING1. PCs / Office Equipment – Projects

Big Fix PC Power Management Monitors off after 15 minutes– Big Fix installed on 23,000 computers– 34% enabled Power Management– Macintosh coming soon Monthly department status report– SWG taken on task to expand adoption

‘Vampire’ Power Reduction Smart Strips– Peripherals waste Up to 75% lifetime energy use– Pilot Programs by Student Housing

Flat panels and laptops

Sustainable Backups Move away from nighttime– Computers to sleep or off at night

http://www.bigfix.com/index.php


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1. PCs / Office Equipment – Projects

Local Measurement “Kill A Watt” meters

Sustainable Purchasing Guidelines (in process) Coordinated effort: Purchasing & IT Services– EPEAT and Energy Star 5.0– University Guidelines, Ordering, Reporting– Climate Savers Computing Initiative

Smart Strips and Kill A Watt meters available via Corporate Express


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1. PCs / Office Equipment – Projects

End of Life:

EH&S, PSSI, Property Management Office Reuse: reuse.stanford.edu

Resell/Donate: Department Property Administrator (DPA)

Mark as ‘sale’ disposal method

Recycle: ewaste bins in every building– 3rd party handles recycling


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2. Data Centers/Server Rooms – Metrics _________ _________ _____– ____ ____ ____________ – ___ _____ _____________ _________ _

____ _______ ____ ________ ____ _______ _________ ________ ____ ________ ____

________ ____ ____ ____ – ______ ______ ____ ________ ___

_______ _________ ____ ______– ____ _________ ____ ______ _____ ___ – ______ _______ ___

Datacenter Efficiency Metric– Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)– Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE = 1/PUE)

PUE = Total Facility Power = IT Equipment Power + Facility Operations IT Equipment Power IT Equipment Power

IT Equipment Power = Total IT load – Servers, Storage, Telco Equipment, etc

Facility Operations = Power + Cooling– Power = Switchgear, UPS, Racks, Battery Backup, etc.– Cooling = Chillers, CRACS, etc

2.0+ = Typical1.5 = Exceptional1.2 = Google & Others1.0 = Theoretical Target


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2. Data Centers/Server Rooms – IT Equipment Projects

Most effective tactic is to remove servers Consolidate: Combine underutilized servers– Most running under 20% Virtualize: 5 to 30:1 ratios– Single server partitioned and configured to be used as

multiple virtual servers– $300-600/year energy savings/server removed Replace: Refresh with sustainable hardware

Centralized Data Storage: Eliminates redundant data storage Increases efficiency IT Services now offers Low Cost Central Storage & Backup

Energy usage increasing due to proliferation of low-end servers

(McGee 2007)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bp1.blogger.com/_Y7AuV1zDWlo/R_vAOIL8LGI/AAAAAAAAAEM/UojsAM1SFrM/s320/vmware.gif&imgrefurl=http://lucidmike78.blogspot.com/2008_04_01_archive.html&h=318&w=318&sz=6&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=e8YduiP3czY3vM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=118&prev=/images?q=VMWARE&gbv=2&hl=en&sa=G


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2. Data Centers/Server Rooms – Facility Projects

Forsythe Data Center Project Phase 1: PUE Calculated at 1.83 Phase 2: Install VFDs, temp sensors, monitor, heat maps Adjust airflow, increase temperature, target 75o cold aisle

(Most vendors approved at 90o) Phase 3: Isolated hot/cold aisle

Estimate 20+% energy savings


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2. Data Centers/Server Rooms – Facility Projects

Remote Server Rooms– Calculate PUE by room AC type

• Chilled racks, in-row cooling, fan coil, house system, economizer– Calculate total lifecycle cost for room type– Joint Project

• Facilities• Schools• Outside Engineering Firm

Recommendations for efficiency & cost savings


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2. Data Centers/Server Rooms – Facility Operations

Scientific Research Computing Facility (SRCF) Proposed facility for High density research computing Reduces energy usage by 60%

Innovative Design – Cooled by Outside Air

Conceptual Data Center design that reduces research computing energy use by 80%


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Work Anywhere Initiative Broad University program to revisit how and where employees work

– Save carbon output from commuting and traveling to meetings• Only 44% live locally – work at home, drop-in work centers, touch-

down spaces– Work Anywhere Toolkit

• Preferred technologies make it possibleo Mobility: remote access, storage, security, voice, backup, laptops/PDAso Collaboration: web-based collaboration tools, centralized storageo Meetings: Web-based meetings, video conferencing, webcams

Enable Process Automation and eCommerceSupport and Promote University Research


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The Big Picture: IT and CO2 Emissions

Emissions growth from IT is the fastest of any sector, especially in data-intensive disciplines (US Department of Energy)

IT energy consumption expected to double by 2021 (McKinsey & Co.)

IT Industry’s CO2 footprint is equivalent to that of the Aviation Industry (globalactionplan.org)

The Internet economy could help reduce growth in greenhouse gases by 67% over next several years (American Consumer Institute)

As with many global issues, higher education has a special role to play in understanding what is

occurring, educating the community about these changes, and adopting practices consistent with

responsible institutional behavior (ECAR report, 2008)


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Non-cogen electricity purchases

6,440 2%

Non-cogen natural gas purchases

10,598 4%

Stanford-owned vehicles3,296 1%

Business Air Travel29,434 11%

Driving Commuters24,913 10%

Cardinal Cogen (SU)159,498

61%

Cardinal Cogen (SHC)28,050 11%

Stanford University2007 GHG Emissions

(metric tons CO2)

Stanford Energy and Climate Plan in 2009

innovation

Identified a range of practical and cost effective options for reducing Stanford’s carbon emissions. Serving as a blueprint for implementation, this plan will:

Demonstrate options for sustainable natural resource use. Guide development of critical campus infrastructure. Protect Stanford from volatility in cost of resources.

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Stanford UniversityEnergy & Climate Action Plan

All Energy Based GHG figures include steam & chilled water energy delivered to SHC

$1,699 mil

$2,048 mil

1990 levels by 2020 (AB32)

80% below 1990 levels by 2050 (CA E.O.)

5% below 1990 levels by 2012 (IPCC)

50% below 2000 levels by 2050 (IPCC)

All costs are in 2008 dollars

Boilers & Chillers

Green Electricity (100% @ 2050)

Demand Side Management (non-capital)

Major Capital Building Energy RetrofitsResearch Computing Facility

Heat Recovery (53%)

Sustainable IT Projects

Building Standards @ -30%

Commute

BAU GHG Emissions

Air Travel

$1,367 mil

$1,452 mil

$1,541 mil

Green Electricity (67% @ 2050)

$1,462 mil

Moderate Growth Scenario

Median G/E Scenario

Inventory Options


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Campus Sustainability Plan: Vision Metrics and indicators Goals Projects

Areas: Energy and Climate Water Transportation Procurement Housing and Dining Waste Minimization Information Technology (IT) Student Activities Academic Innovation

Campus Sustainability 2009

innovation

Stanford leads by action in education, innovation and implementation


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Collaboration and Coordination

Faculty and studentsSchools and departmentsIndustry peersGovernment (DOE)Local communities

http://piee.stanford.edu/


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Conclusion

Higher Education has significant green house gas reduction goals

Opportunities for sustainable IT are plentiful Must look at them holistically: IT Equipment + Facilities, Enablement Payback frequently less then 1 year – Cost efficiency and carbon savings

Promote awareness and create venues for sharing across institutions:

http://its.stanford.edu/wiki/sustainableit

SustainableIT.stanford.EDU

Joyce DickersonDirector, Sustainable IT ([email protected])



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Saving Energy in your Office with IT EquipmentSaving Energy in your Office with IT Equipment


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dTHE BIG PICTURE: IT & CO2 EMISSIONS

IT Industry Energy Usage– Emissions growth from IT is the fastest of any sector, especially in

data-intensive disciplines– Office equipment accounts for 26% of the energy used in office

buildings (State of CA)• Lighting = 22%• Chilled Water Subsystem = 28%

– Energy prices expected to rise 6% per year (DOE)

PC Statistics– Average PC wastes ½ the energy delivered to it (Climate Savers)

– 50 million tons of e-waste produced yearly worldwide (Green PC)

User Behavior– As many as 60% don’t turn computer off at night (PC Energy Report)

– US, with 5% world population, uses 30% of world’s paper (reduce.org)

– Typical office disposes 350 lbs waste paper/employee/year (NRDC)


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dIT AT STANFORD

Faculty, staff and students– 40,000 desktop/laptop computers– 6000 servers

15% of campus energy use from IT infrastructureNumber of computers growing 15% per yearNeed to keep energy usage flat, or reduce, while increasing

productive output of IT infrastructure

So what can you do?


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Keep using what you’re using– Replace less often

• Laptop: 80% of carbon is from manufacturing, 20% from use• Desktop: 70% of carbon is from manufacturing, 30% from use

– Upgrade components: hard drive, memory, graphics card, power supply, etc.

Replace with a laptop– Laptops use 80% less energy then desktop systems

• fewer parts, need less packaging, less shipping– Recycle old machines

• Make sure they don’t just get handed down– Look for machines designed for upgrades

• Memory, processor

1. USE YOUR COMPUTER LONGER


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d2. BUY WITH SUSTAINABILITY IN MIND

Buy only what you need– High-end graphics cards can use as much energy as CPU

• Play fewer games…Energy Star 5.0

– Establishes efficiency requirements to ensure energy savings Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)

– www.epeat.net– Searchable database of computer hardware and set of holistic

environmental guidelines• EPA + Hardware venders (Dell, HP, Apple, IBM, etc)

– 20% of computers shipped in 2007 were EPEAT registered• Up from 10% in 2006

– Calculate environment benefits and cost savings


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dPOWER MANAGEMENT … A FEW MYTHS

Turning off your computer harms it– PCs are built to withstand 40,000 power cycles

• Historically, could damage hard disks. Not anymore (IEEE)

It takes more energy to boot a computer than it does to keep it awake overnight

– The small surge of power to turn it on is much smaller then energy used to keep it on

Screensavers save energy– Use more energy – 42-114 watts

• Originally designed to prevent burn-in, not save energy– Better to turn the monitor off

A computer that’s off uses 0 energy– Plugged in it draws ~2-3 watts for network

connectivity, etc.


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dPOWER MANAGEMENT – COMPARING THE OPTIONS

Watts used when:Computer Hardware Awake/Active Sleep/Standby Hibernate OffDesktop 60 3 2 2Laptop 15 3 1 1

Monitors17" LCD Flat Panel Monitor 35 3 0 017" CRT Monitor 80 2 0 0

Printers: Printing Ready Sleep OffLaser BW, Inkjet printer 380 10 0 0Laser Color printer 400 35 0 0

Peripherals Awake/Active Sleep/Standby Hibernate OffSpeakers 15 15 3

415 50 3

Network Printers/Copiers: Printing Standby PowerSave OffNetwork BW Laser Printer 550 27 7 1Network Color Laser Printer 445 18 7 0Network Copier 1600 290 120 4Network Copier/Printer 1700 330 155 9

Hardware Awake/Active Sleep/Standby Hibernate OffDesktop w/FlatPanel 95 6 2 2Laptop w/Flat Panel 50 6 1 1

Desktop w/CRT 140 5 2 2


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dPOWER MANAGEMENT IS AN EASY WIN

Power Management comes with your computer– PC: Start/Control Panel/Power Options– Mac: Apple Menu/System Preferences/Energy Saver

Only 10% of PC’s have Power Management enabled (EPA)– Power management can save between $25-$75 in energy costs

annually, per computer– Reduces energy used by approx 1/3

Make it easy – activate Big Fix for the Dept– Already on 22,000+ across campus

• Power Management enabled on 34%– Local IT centrally manages Big Fix Power Management

• Stanford Green: Turn off Monitors after 15 minutes– Local IT can customize for dept needs

» Spin down disk, Sleep, Hibernate


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d Big Fix Power Management deployment is managed locally, so you can help drive up your Group’s participation

Ask your local IT staff why your percentage isn’t higher

SU Group

Number Windows

Big Fix Clients

Number with Power Mgmt

Percent of Windows

Computers SU Group

Number Windows

Big Fix Clients

Number with Power Mgmt

Percent of Windows

ComputersEH&S 49 45 92% H&S 1680 76 5%GSB 1363 1189 87% WST 24 1 4%Vaden 67 58 87% AS 188 3 2%Land & Buildings 529 433 82% Other & Misc 824 13 2%VPSA 129 97 75% Pres/Prov 194 3 2%Medical School 4957 3715 75% Clark Center 458 5 1%BA&CFO 374 275 74% Continuing Studies 122 1 1%SUL/AIR 718 514 72% Students 6237 47 1%Public Affairs 14 10 71% Controller 216 1 0%Alumni Center 510 342 67% Law 555 1 0%IT Services 450 300 67% Aero/Astro 2 0 0%OGC 19 12 63% ASSU/SSE 5 0 0%SU Press 38 22 58% Campus Relations 1 0 0%DAPER 258 135 52% Computer Science 1 0 0%Earth Sciences 373 176 47% Highwire 107 0 0%Carnegie 215 96 45% Hoover 208 0 0%OAE 34 15 44% ResComp 36 0 0%Education 319 131 41% SIE 6 0 0%Research 324 51 16% SLAC 20 0 0%R&DE 21 3 14% SMC 13 0 0%Engineering 1183 76 6% VPUE 193 0 0%

TOTAL 23,034 7,846 34%


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d4. OPTIMIZE PERFORMANCE

If it’s running slow, it’s wasting energy– Talk to local IT team about cleaning it up– Do your own computer cleanup:

• Windows: Start/All Programs/Accessories/System Tools– Disk Cleanup -- Free up disk space– Disk Defragmenter – consolidates fragmented files

Clear databases of unnecessary content– The more data they contain, the more hardware is used in storing them


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d5. MONITORS

Hunt out the CRTs and get rid of them– Convert to flat panels

• CRT uses 2-3x more energy the flat panels• CRT has lead & mercury – so dispose of properly

Choose a LED flat-panel monitor– Light Emitting Diode (LED) monitors are mercury free and

recyclable– LCD, while better then CRT’s, contains mercury (CFL)

Disable your Screen Saver– Turn off the Monitor using Power Management

Hit the ‘Off’ button when you walk away– Uses zero energy


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d6.PRINTING

The Obvious Stuff:– Set your print drivers to default to double-sided

• Local IT can set your printers to default double-sided• Do the same for your copiers

– Print in DRAFT mode to save toner– Print to PDF and store electronically– Use Print Preview to avoid printing errors– Only print ‘page 1’ of emails ... Avoid the chain– Squeeze the margins

• Margins reduced from 1.25 to .75 in, nearly 5% paper savings– Use 100% Recycled Paper

Greenprint– See and select pages before printing– Average employee prints 6 wasted pages per day

Aardvark– Firefox extension – clean out graphics before printing

Track printer/copier sustainability with network tool– Most vendors have a multi-vendor tool

• Xerox’s Sustainability Calculator, HP Webjet Admin


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d7. POWER SUPPLIES

All power supplies are not created equal– Older and many after-market ones are <80% efficient– Upgrade your power supply

• 80 Plus Certification– >80% efficient

• International Energy Efficiency stamp “IV”– >85% efficiency

• Energy Star “V”– >87% efficiency

– Always check power supply efficiency when buying any electronic equipment


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d8. BATTERIES

Replace your old laptop battery– Laptop batteries wear out

• Same energy to achieve shorter battery life• Recycle and get a new one

– Always recycle batteries: Contain lots of toxic heavy metal materials

Use them efficiently, so as to replace less often– Lithium-ion batteries

• Last longer when kept from running below a 40-percent charge– Remove when plugged in

• Trickle charge wears them out– iPods, cell phones etc.

• Take it out of the case before charging– Cases trap heat and compromise battery capacity


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d9. KEEPING IT DIGITAL

Faxes– Scan and email docs rather then fax them– Get a Fax Server

• Receive and send faxes via emailScan your signature

– Drop it on a Word or PDF Doc, make a new PDF, send back via email

– Saves printing-signing-faxing-scanning-filing

– Free PDF software at www.download.com

– Look for most highly rated/downloaded

http://www.download.com/

http://www.download.com/


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d10. VAMPIRE PERIPHERALS

Target your peripherals– Up to 75% of total energy usage from when they’re off

• Speakers, printer, monitor• Anything that has an AC Adaptor

– Plug them into a Power Strip and turn off when done– Use a Smart Strip Power Strip

• Available through Corporate Express


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d11. REUSE AND RECYCLE

Dispose of your old equipment properly– Toxic waste in electronics is substantial

• Leaks into surrounding soils and waterReuse, or recycle

– Check with the manufacturer for take-back program– Reuse.stanford.edu– Donate/Resell <5 years

Give to Department Property Administrator Mark as ‘Resale’ http://ora.stanford.edu/ora/pmo/dpa_lookup/default.asp

– Recycle old equipment >5 years• Stanford Equipment – e-waste bins in buildings

– Electronicrecyclers.com• Personal Equipment – look for ewaste recycle days

– Aim for 0% to landfill

http://ora.stanford.edu/ora/pmo/dpa_lookup/default.asp


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d12. Start Measuring Things

Get a Kill a Watt meter– Test out your peripherals

• Speakers are a surprising sleeper• Measure ‘Vampire’ energy drains• Now available through Corporate Express


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d13. AUDIT, ACT & MEASURE AGAIN

Audit existing PC inventory– Run tests with the Kill a Watt meter

• Baseline current energy consumption– Make Changes

• Enable Big Fix (or other) management in your department

• Replace power strips with Smart Strips• Disable screen savers• Replace CRT’s with LED Flat panels• Purchase EPEAT equipment• Set printers and copiers to double-sided• Track printer and copier usage with

sustainability software

Repeat & Improve

http://www.bigfix.com/index.php


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Sustainability at StanfordSustainable IT Workspace:

its.stanford.edu/wiki/sustainableit

SustainableIT.stanford.edu

Joyce DickersonDirector, Sustainable IT

Department of Sustainability and Energy [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

sustainable it at stanford

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