Sustainable Management of

Protected Areas to Combat

Climate Change

Dr. Khawja Shamsul HudaEnvironment and Climate Change Programme

Rankng Year

1. (Hottest) 2005

2. 1998

3. 2002

4. 2003

5. 2006

6. 2007

7. 2004

8. 2001

9. 2008

10 1997

Impact of Climate Change: Temperature

Deaths from Cyclones since 1584Sl. No. Year of Occurrence of

Cyclone

Number of Deaths

1. 1584 200,000

2. 1822 40,000

3. 1876 100,000

4. 1897 175,000

5. 1912 40,000

6. 1919 40,000

7. 1941 7500,

8. 1960 5149

9. 1961 11,468

10. 1963 11,520

11. 1965 19,279

12 1965 12,000

13 1970 500,000

14. 1985 11,069

15. 1988 5,708

16. 1991 138,000

17. 2007 4,407 including 1,001

missing)

18. 2008

Sl.

No.

Year of

Occurrence

Area

Inundated

(Sq.km.)

Proportion

of Total Area

Cost of

Damage

(In million

Taka)

1. 1954 36,920 25% 1,200

2. 1955 50,700 34 1,290

3. 1956 35,620 24 900

4. 1962 37,440 25 560

5. 1963 43,180 29 580

6. 1968 37,300 25 1160

7. 1970 42,640 28 1,100

8. 1971 36,474 24 N/A

9. 1974 52,720 35 28,490

10. 1984 38,314 19 4,500

11. 1987 57,491 38 35,000

12. 1988 89,970 62 >100,000

13. 1998 >100,000 74 >120,000

14. 2004 >58,000 >40 >200,000

Damage Due to Floods

All these natural disasters are

occurring due to Climate Change.

These events are likely to occrur

more frequently with greater

intensity in the future…..We cannot

stop these events but can create

impact by reducing emission,

deforestation and forest

degradation and sustainable

management of the forest.

Importance of Forest Conservation

It is estimated that greenhouse gasemitted from deforestation and forestdegradation account for roughly 20% ofthe total annual green house gasemitted by entire global transport sector

Status of Forest Cover in

BangladeshCategory of Forests Area (million

hectare)(%)

Forest Department

Managed Forests

1.52 10.30

Unclassed State Forest 0.73 4.95

Village Forest 0.27 1.83

Total 2.52 17.08

Area Distribution of Various Land use categoryLand Use Category Area ( million hectare) Percent

Agriculture 9.57 64.9

State Forest

Classified 1.52 10.3

Unclassified 0.73 5

Private Forest

Homestead 0.27 1.8

Tea/Rubber Garden 0.07 0.5

Urban 1.16 7.9

Water 0.94 6.4

Other 0.49 3.2

Total 14.75 100

Types of ForestArea (million

hectare)Percentage

Natural Mangrove Forest 0.60 4.07

Mangrove Plantation 0.13 0.88

Tropical Evergreen and Semi-

Evergreen Forest

0.67 4.54

Tropical Moist Deciduous

Forest

0.12 0.81

Total 1.52 10.30

Classified Forests under Forest Department:Reserve Forests Versus Protected Forest

Reserve Forest: A reserved forest is a one where thespecies are protected in their natural habitat... and nohuman interference is allowed..... any kind of humanactivity is strictly prohibited.

Protected Forest : An area of land and/or sea especiallydedicated to the protection and maintenance of biologicaldiversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources,and managed through legal or other effective means(IUCN, 1994)

**Protected Area Covers 10.72% of Total Forest Area

List of Protected Forests in Bangladesh

Sl. No. National Parks Location Area (ha.) Established

1 Bhawal National Park Gazipur 5022.00 11-5-1982

2 Modhupur National Park Tangail/ Mymensingh 8436.00 24-2-1982

3 Ramsagar National Park Dinajpur 27.75 30-4-2001

4 Himchari National Park Cox's Bazar 1729.00 15-2-1980

5 Lawachara National Park Moulavibazar 1250.00 7-7-1996

6 Kaptai National Park Chittagong Hill Tracts 5464.00 9-9-1999

7 Nijhum Dweep National Park Noakhali 16352.23 8-4-2001

8 Medha Kachhapia National Park Cox's Bazar 395.92 8-8-2008

9 Satchari National Park Habigonj 242.91 15-10-2005

10 Khadim Nagar National Park Sylhet 678.80 13-04-2006

11 Baraiyadhala National Park Chittagong 2933.61 06-04-2010

12 Kuakata National Park Patuakhali 1613.00 24-10-2010

13 Nababgonj National Park Dinajpur 517.61 24-10-2010

14 Shingra National Park Dinajpur 305.69 24-10-2010

15 Kadigarh National Park Mymensingh 344.13 24-10-2010

16 Altadighi National Park Naogaon 264.12 24-12-2011

17 Birgonj National Park Dinajpur 168.56 24-12-2011

 Sub-Total 45,745.33

A) National Park :

B) Wildlife Sanctuaries :Sl. No. Wildlife Sanctuaries Location Area (ha.) Established

18 Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Hobigonj 1795.54 7-7-1996

19 Char Kukri-Mukri Wildlife Bhola 40.00 19-12-1981

20 Sundarban (East) Wildlife Bagerhat 31226.94 6-4-1996

21 Sundarban (West) Wildlife Satkhira 71502.10 6-4-1996

22 Sundarban (South) Wildlife Khulna 36970.45 6-4-1996

23 Pablakhali Wildlife Chittagong Hill Tracts 42087.00 20-9-1983

24 Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary Chittagong 7763.97 18-3-1986

25 Fashiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary Cox's Bazar 1302.43 11-4-2007

26 Dudh Pukuria-Dhopachari Wildlife Sanctuary Chittagong 4716.57 6-4-2010

27 Hazarikhil Wildlife Chittagong 1177.53 6-4-2010

28 Sangu Wildlife Sanctuary Bandarban 2331.98 6-4-2010

29 Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary Cox's Bazar 11615.00 24-03-2010

30 Tengragiri Wildlife Barguna 4048.58 24-10-2010

31 Dudhmukhi Wildlife Bagerhat 170.00 29-01-2012

32 Chadpai Wildlife Sanctuary Bagerhat 560.00 29-01-2012

33 Dhangmari Wildlife Bagerhat 340.00 29-01-2012

34 Sonarchar Wildlife Patuakhali 2026.48 24-12-2011

 Sub-Total 2,24,833.55

 Grand-Total 2,70,478.88

Trees sequester and

stock carbon dioxide

from the atmosphere

and take oxygen.

Human being and

other animals exhale

carbon dioxide and

survive through

inhaling oxygen that

trees release. This

symbiotic relationship

determines one’s

existence on the other.

Furthermore, forests

provide food, fodder,

fuel, medicine and

livelihoods for millionsof people.

Carbon

dioxide

Oxygen

Relationship between Human beings and Forests

Importance of Forest Conservation

It is estimated that greenhouse gasemitted from deforestation and forestdegradation account for roughly 20% ofthe total annual green house gasemitted by entire global transport sector

Importance of Forest Conservation

Over one billion people rely heavily on forest

for their livelihood

Hundreds of millions rely for medicines from

plants harvsted from forests

More than two billion , a third of world’s

population, use bio-mass fuel for cooking and

heating their homes.

A large proportion of community people meet

their protein needs from the forest through

hunting and fishing.

Picture of taking fuel wood

This is How Forests are Degraded

A Sustainable Model for Conservation of

Protected Areas

Collaborative Management of Protected Areas

Two-tier Structure with people drawn fromvarious strata of the society who have stake withthe Forest and those who are related to powerstructure and enforcement of law

A Co-Management Council consisting of 35members

Co-Management Committee consisting of 29members elected democratically by the membersof the Council from amongst them.

Structure of the Co-management Council

Advisers- 03

1. Member of the Parliament

2. Upazila Chairman

3. Divisional Forest Officer

Members

Local Elite – 05 (Teacher, Doctor, Social Worker, Journalist, Freedom Fighter, Religious Leader)

Local Govt. Admin. and Govt.- 16 ( UNO, ACF ,RO, BO, Police, BGB, UP )

Local Stakeholders -39 ( Forest Resource User, Indigenous People, Forest Conservation Club, Patrolling Group, Federation )

Govt. Service Provider-05 ( Agriculture Extension, Fisheries, Environment, Youth, Social Welfare )

Members of the Co-management CommitteeAdviser- 02

1. Divisional Forest Officer

2. Upazila Nirbahi Officer

Members

Assistant Conservator of Forest - 01

Range Officer- 01 (Member Secretary)

Local Govt. -02

Local Elite -02

Federation - 06

Forest Conservation Club-02

Forest Resource User Representative-01

Representative of Indigenous Community - 02

Representative of Patrolling Group- 03

Representative of Law Enforcing Authority- 02

Representative of Govt. Institution - 01

Beat Officer/ Station Officer- Maximum 05

Nearest Range Officer- 01

Protection MechanismPatrolling Group

Members of the patrolling group are drawn fromthe members of the Co-management Councilselected by the Co-management Committee oncertain agreed principles. These are people whohave direct stake with the forest and are givenincentive in the form of support for incomegeneration (in kind). No of members vary butusually consist of 21 to 42 members

Incentive for the Community

Income from Eco-tourism

Gate money collection from the visiting tourists. Proportion (50%) of the money collected is spent on projects or works that benefit the community people as whole. In Lawachara National Park the income was --------- in -----and the share of the community was --------.