Sustainable Municipal InfrastructureSustainable Municipal Infrastructure

FIDIC Beijing ConferenceFIDIC Beijing Conference

William S. Howard, P.E., FACECWilliam S. Howard, P.E., FACECPast Chair, ACECPast Chair, ACECExecutive Vice President, CDMExecutive Vice President, CDM

September 2005September 2005

Sustainable InfrastructureSustainable Infrastructure

It’s:It’s: Livable citiesLivable cities Urban sustainabilityUrban sustainability Green buildingsGreen buildings Smart growthSmart growth

It’s more than built to last…

Guiding PrincipleGuiding Principle

Balance infrastructure needs with environmental protection to enhance the quality of life for present and future generations.

Worldwide Sustainable Development Worldwide Sustainable Development MilestonesMilestones

1987 – Our Common Future1992 – Agenda 212000 – Millennium Declaration2002 – World Summit

National Sustainable Development National Sustainable Development StrategiesStrategies

The Case for SustainabilityThe Case for Sustainability

1. Higher standards of living2. World population growth:

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

Year

Po

pu

lati

on

(b

illi

on

s)

World

DevelopingCountries

DevelopedCountries

Source: United Nations

The Case for SustainabilityThe Case for Sustainability

3. Poverty Rate 4. Food Consumption

0

10

20

30

40

50

1986 1990 1991 1993 1996 2000

Po

ve

rty

Ra

te (

%)

Sub-Sahara AfricaSouth AsiaWorldEast AsiaLatin AmericaNorth Africa/West AfricaEastern Europ/Former Sovie Union

1800

2200

2600

3000

3400

Cal

ori

es/P

erso

n/D

ay

Sub-Sahara Africa

South Asia

Developed Countries

East Asia

Latin America

Source: World BankSource: FAO

Today’s SpeakersToday’s Speakers

1. Althea Povey – South Africa2. (Name TBD) – China3. Bill Howard – United States

(end of introductory remarks)(end of introductory remarks)

Sustainable Municipal InfrastructureSustainable Municipal Infrastructure

FIDIC Beijing Conference—Morning WorkshopFIDIC Beijing Conference—Morning Workshop

William S. Howard, P.E., FACECWilliam S. Howard, P.E., FACECPast Chair, ACECPast Chair, ACECExecutive Vice President, CDMExecutive Vice President, CDM

September 2005September 2005

Elements of Sustainable InfrastructureElements of Sustainable Infrastructure

Environmental protection

Economic development

Quality of life

This Paper—A Brief Overview of This Paper—A Brief Overview of Sustainable Development IssuesSustainable Development Issues

Morning Session Engineers and sustainability Water resources Energy generation/renewable resources Energy Star program

Afternoon Session

Abandoned properties (brownfields)

Green buildings

Energy Star program

American Society of Civil Engineers American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Policy(ASCE) Policy

The role of the civil engineer in sustainable development: Promote understanding Advance skills Advocate responsible economic approaches Promote holistic approaches Promote performance-based standards

Water ResourcesWater Resources

Integrated Resource Planning Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) for Water Management(IRP) for Water Management Los Angeles, CaliforniaLos Angeles, California

Challenge – Meet water resources needs for 4.5 million people by 2020 in a city with limited water resources

Non-integrated utilities inefficient and non-sustainable

Goals of IRPGoals of IRP

Goal #1: Regional watershed approach Goal #2: Involve the public Maximize existing infrastructure and

minimize new construction to meet future needs

Recycling water from current and future facilities Building new wastewater facilities “upstream” Reducing rainfall-dependent inflow and infiltration Increasing water conservation Reusing more wet weather urban runoff Finding beneficial reuses of biosolids

IRP IRP RecommendationsRecommendations

STELLA—Water Resources STELLA—Water Resources Modeling SoftwareModeling Software

“Water resource systems analysis” tool Study tradeoffs/interdependencies between

physical, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects

Integrated planning tool Systems model, not a model of a system Descriptive, NOT prescriptive

STELLASTELLA

STELLA model showing an interconnected four-reservoir supply system and its complex interdependencies (red arrows).

Beautification of 1,942 hectares of green space

Revitalize 324 waterfront hectares for residential, office, and retail use

Result – A revitalized, attractive, healthier downtown Fort Worth

Trinity River VisionTrinity River VisionFort Worth, TexasFort Worth, Texas

Independent Water Supply Flood control Recreation Education Enhanced downtown

Marina BarrageMarina BarrageSingaporeSingapore

Marina BarrageMarina BarrageSingaporeSingapore

Nationwide water management program Protect and enhance water quality Catchment-basin approach Integration of multiple stakeholders Success based on interrelationships of complex, real-world issues

Ireland’s Water Ireland’s Water Management PlanManagement Plan

Merge needs for clean water and public space Comprehensive noise and odor control 114-mld plant sits on 12 hectares, leaving… 20 hectares of recreation land and 2-kilometer shoreline to public access Partnership among various disciplines

New Bedford’s New Bedford’s Integrated VisionIntegrated Vision

Cities of the FutureCities of the Future

Fresh, proactive, and stakeholder-based approaches

Join environmental planners, treatment experts, transportation specialists, modelers, landscape architects, financial planners, and other stakeholders

Restore cities through “soft” and “hard” approaches

Proposed “Cities of the Future” Proposed “Cities of the Future” WorkshopWorkshop

National Science Foundation

Center for Urban Environmental Studies at Northeastern University

Corporate, non-profit, academic sponsors

Interdisciplinary panel of experts to develop visionary concepts

Urban water quality and hydrology

Green cities and smart growth

Address legal, social, ecological barriers

Energy GenerationEnergy Generation

Global Energy UseGlobal Energy Use

Global energy use will increase 1.7% annually to 2030

Fossil fuels will supply 90% of energy sources

Carbon dioxide emissions will increase 1.8% annually to 2030

COCO2 2 CaptureCapture

ProjectProject

International effort Reduce CO2 emissions

by sequestration

Scotland to capture greenhouse gases in North Sea oil field

Injections may help recover oil

“…The longer we wait—and the more infrastructure we build without regard to its affect on emissions—the more daunting the task of keeping CO2 levels from increasing beyond dangerous levels.”

Elizabeth Kolbert

The New Yorker

May 9, 2005

North American Energy UseNorth American Energy Use

Fossil fuel consumption and emissions are 10 times higher per capita in North America

1.4% average annual increase in energy demand

Since 1973, U.S. foreign oil dependence increased from 35% to 53% and natural gas imports rose from less than 5% to more than 15%

86% of U.S. energy consumption from coal, oil, and natural gas.

Oil reserves could be exhausted within next century

Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

Environmentally sound option to reduce dependence

Solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal, tidal, wind

In 2001, renewable energy resources supplied 6 to 7 percent of U.S. energy: 42% - hydroelectric 50% - biomass/biofuels 5.5% - geothermal 1% - solar energy 1% - wind

Solar Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic SystemsSystems

Convert sunlight directly into electricity

Reliable, predictable electricity for peak power grid capacity

Photo © 2005 PowerLight Corporation

Solar Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic SystemsSystems

World’s largest solar power generation facility in Germany

Three German installations total 10 peak MW of generating capacity

Photo © 2005 PowerLight Corporation

Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

Wind power gaining ground in U.S.

Land-based wind parks in California, Hawaii, Iowa, and Texas

Offshore wind parks relatively new, but being considered

World’s Biggest World’s Biggest Wind TurbineWind Turbine

Started in Germany in February by RE Power

120-meters tall

5 MW maximum production capacity

Energy for 5,000 homes

Plans for installation offshore near Scotland

© REPower

Cape Cod Cape Cod Wind FarmWind Farm

130 wind turbines will produce 420 MW of power for more than 231,000 homes

Replace 113 million gallons of oil/year

Eliminate emissions, reduce greenhouse gases

Save more than $800 million in energy costs

© Photo and digital turbines by Environmental Design and Research

GeoThermal EnergyGeoThermal Energy

50,000 times the energy of all oil and gas resources

Clean, reliable, and homegrown

$1.5-billion-per-year enterprise in United States

2,000 MW of electricity generation; 650 MW of non-electric applications; 3,700 MW of thermal energy

Geothermal power development could exceed $25 billion in 10 – 15 years

Energy Star ProgramEnergy Star Program

Energy Star ProgramEnergy Star Program

Established in 1992 for energy-efficient computers

Identify products to save energy and reduce greenhouse emissions

28,000 products in 40 categories

$10 billion in energy and cost savings (2004)

Prevented emissions equivalent to 18 million vehicles

Televisions Water Coolers

Traffic Signals

Exit Signs

Furnaces

Monitors

Printers

ComputersClothes W

ashers Refrigerators

Insulation

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Fluorescent Light Bulbs

VCRs

Windows & Doors

Sustainable Development for the Sustainable Development for the FutureFuture

Complex and long-term challenges will take sustained effort for generations

No one approach, no one single formula

A “blueprint” for sustainable development is neither possible nor desirable

Every country, community, environmental steward, and municipality must take a proactive role in shaping the future

(end of morning workshop)(end of morning workshop)

Sustainable Municipal InfrastructureSustainable Municipal Infrastructure

FIDIC Beijing Conference—Afternoon WorkshopFIDIC Beijing Conference—Afternoon Workshop

William S. Howard, P.E., FACECWilliam S. Howard, P.E., FACECPast Chair, ACECPast Chair, ACECExecutive Vice President, CDMExecutive Vice President, CDM

September 2005September 2005

This Paper—A Brief Overview of This Paper—A Brief Overview of Sustainable Development IssuesSustainable Development Issues

Morning Session

Engineers and sustainability

Water resources

Energy generation/renewable resources

Energy Star program

Afternoon Session Abandoned properties (brownfields) Green buildings Energy Star program

American Society of Civil Engineers American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Policy(ASCE) Policy

The role of the civil engineer in sustainable development: Promote understanding Advance skills Advocate responsible economic approaches Promote holistic approaches Promote performance-based standards

Abandoned PropertiesAbandoned Properties(Brownfields)(Brownfields)

Brownfields – Mitigating the Developed Brownfields – Mitigating the Developed Country DisasterCountry Disaster

Abandoned landfills, industries, military bases, etc.

Impact to property values, health, and a city’s economic viability

Revitalization through responsible sustainable investment

First major landfill to be redeveloped for active recreational use

Nine sports fields, lighted artificial turf field and track

Recreational opportunities realized on existing city-owned property

20 percent of Cambridge park land is now on former landfills/dumps

Danehy ParkDanehy ParkCambridge, MassachusettsCambridge, Massachusetts

Gilbert & MosleyGilbert & MosleyWichita, KansasWichita, Kansas

Once a liability (1,558-hectare hazardous waste site)

Posed human health, environment, and economic risks

Gilbert & MosleyGilbert & MosleyWichita, KansasWichita, Kansas

Now an asset – WATER (Wichita Area Treatment Education and Remediation) Center

405-hectare property near Los Angeles

243 hectares contaminated from aircraft industry

Home to Howard Hughes and his “Spruce Goose”

Site recently used for movies industry

Soil & groundwater remediation on more than 12 source areas

Playa VistaPlaya VistaSouthern CaliforniaSouthern California

Health-based remediation goals

243 hectares developed for residential, commercial, and retail

162 hectares used as open space and reclaimed wetlands

Playa VistaPlaya VistaSouthern CaliforniaSouthern California

Brownfields SuccessesBrownfields Successes

Since 1995, U.S. EPA has awarded $382 million in grants and loans for brownfields redevelopment

This has led to more than $7 billion in public and private redevelopment investments in more than 5,100 properties

BuildingsBuildings

Sustainable Building DevelopmentSustainable Building Development

76 million residential and 5 million commercial buildings use: 39% of all energy consumed in U.S. 70% of all electricity

12.2%(15 trillion gallons/year) of potable water used in commercial buildings

Buildings are major source of emissions: 49% of sulfur dioxide 25% of nitrous oxide 10% of particulate 18% of carbon dioxide

Green Building PracticesGreen Building Practices

Environmentally sound, resource efficient

Integrated approach to design, energy efficiency, renewable energy, water conservation

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

National standard for high-performance, sustainable buildings

2% investment in LEED result in 20% life-cycle savings

Bank of America TowerBank of America Tower World's most environmentally

responsible high-rise office building

First to strive for the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED Platinum designation

Innovative, high-performance technologies

Uses dramatically less energy, consumes less potable water, provides a healthy and productive indoor environment All Building Renderings: dbok for

Cook+Fox Architects.

Bank of America TowerBank of America Tower Emphasis on sustainability,

water efficiency, indoor air quality, energy

Constructed of recycled/recyclable materials

Filtered air, insulating glass, cogeneration plant

Capture and reuse rainwater

Planted roofs reduce urban heat

Evening ice production to reduce peak loadsAll Building Renderings: dbok for

Cook+Fox Architects.

The Future of BuildingsThe Future of Buildings

More than 2,000 LEED registered/certified projects in 50 states and 12 countries

Membership in Green Building Council grown by 1,000% in past 4 years

21 million square meters of LEED registered commercial building space

2003 annual market for green building product and services is $5.8 billion – 34% growth from 2002

Sustainable Building ApproachesSustainable Building Approaches

Carefully evaluate facility location and site selection

Preserve natural habitats and protect wetlands

Use natural shading, maximize daylight access

Employ xeriscaping (slow-growing, drought-tolerant plants)

Avoid over watering

Use rainwater collection systems

Design small building footprints to create large open space

Sustainable Building ApproachesSustainable Building Approaches

Install automatic light sensors

Use window coverings to reduce solar heating

Seal heating & cooling ducts

Use carpets that can be recycled

Install high-efficiency lighting

Reduce hot water settings

Use light-colored roofing materials

Turn off computers & monitors each night

Develop “best practices” programs

Energy Star ProgramEnergy Star Program

Energy Star ProgramEnergy Star Program

Established in 1992 for energy-efficient computers

Identify products to save energy and reduce greenhouse emissions

28,000 products in 40 categories

$10 billion in energy and cost savings (2004)

Prevented emissions equivalent to 18 million vehicles

Televisions Water Coolers

Traffic Signals

Exit Signs

Furnaces

Monitors

Printers

ComputersClothes W

ashers Refrigerators

Insulation

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Fluorescent Light Bulbs

VCRs

Windows & Doors

Sustainable Development for the Sustainable Development for the FutureFuture

Complex and long-term challenges will take sustained effort for generations

No one approach, no one single formula

A “blueprint” for sustainable development is neither possible nor desirable

Every country, community, environmental steward, and municipality must take a proactive role in shaping the future

Thank You!Thank You!

(end of afternoon workshop)(end of afternoon workshop)